Owner to dog -- 'Just do it!'
Researchers found dogs can reproduce familiar and novel actions after different delays, even when distracted. The ability to imitate human actions suggests the presence of a specific type of long-term memory in dogs.
Science News for July 16, 2013
The right snack may aid satiety, weight loss
Research suggests that healthy snacks like peanuts, nuts, and high-fiber snacks can limit overall daily food consumption. Studies have shown that regular consumption of almonds or cereal as a mid-morning snack can lead to increased feelings of fullness and reduced energy intake at subsequent meals.
New mode of cellular communication discovered in the brain
Researchers at Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz have discovered a new form of communication between brain cell types, where oligodendrocytes release exosomes with protective proteins and genetic information to neurons, protecting them against stress. This bidirectional communication plays a significant role in preserving nerve fibers.
Exercising during pregnancy reduces the risk of high birth weight newborns
A study published in the British Journal of Sports Medicine found that moderate-intensity exercise three times a week during pregnancy halves the risk of having a high birth weight newborn, and reduces the need for a caesarean delivery. The intervention group showed a 58% decrease in macrosomia and a 34% decrease in caesarean deliveries.
Health-related quality of life in PD patients in northeastern Sicily, Italy
This study examines how Parkinson's disease affects the health-related quality of life in northeastern Sicily, Italy. The researchers applied the ecological model to investigate the individual and social environmental factors impacting patient outcomes, including depression, cognitive impairment, coping strategies, and family size.
The global burden of sickle cell anemia in young children is increasing
Sickle cell anemia is projected to increase by 33% from 2010 to 2050, primarily affecting newborns in sub-Saharan Africa. Implementing basic health interventions could significantly reduce death rates among children under 5 with the condition.
People with impaired glucose tolerance can show cognitive dysfunction
Research suggests that people with impaired glucose tolerance experience cognitive impairment in various tests, including word recognition and visual verbal learning. A diet high in fiber and low glycemic impact may help improve cognitive function.
Study reveals how patients experience direct-to-consumer genetic testing
A study by Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine researcher Katherine Wasson and colleagues provides insight into how primary care patients experience genetic testing. Most participants found results easy to understand with the help of a genetic counselor, but few could interpret them on their own.
Researchers shed new light on supraglacial lake drainage
Supraglacial lakes' draining mechanisms, which affect ice velocity and extent, were studied in West Greenland. The findings show that rapid draining accelerates glacial movement, while slow draining increases its pace, with implications for sea-level rise.
Chest radiation cancer patients with risk factors should have CV screening every 5-10 years
Cardiovascular screening is crucial for cancer patients who received chest radiation, especially those at high risk of developing radiation-induced heart disease (RIHD). The European Society of Cardiology recommends regular screenings to detect cardiac abnormalities and reduce the risk of death from coronary artery disease.
SourceEuropean Society of Cardiology·JournalEuropean Heart Journal - Cardiovascular Imaging·DateJul 16, 2013
Human-driven change on Argentine forests
Increased precipitation and changes in forest structure in Argentina's forests are leading to higher rates of parasitic fly infection in young birds. This study found that slight changes in precipitation and vegetation structure, coupled with crowding of nests, result in large increases in the number of parasites per chick.
Review article describes epidemiology, characteristics and prevention of West Nile virus
The article reviews the epidemiology, characteristics, and prevention of West Nile virus, which has produced the largest arboviral neuroinvasive disease outbreaks in the US. The authors highlight the importance of sustainable community-based surveillance and vector management programs.
Despite health benefits, most children and adults have a 'nutrition gap' in omega-3 fatty acids
A diet low in fish and seafood leads to a nutrition gap of omega-3 fatty acids, particularly DHA and EPA. This can result in inflammatory disorders, cardiovascular issues, and cognitive problems in children.
Discovery of a new class of white blood cells uncovers target for better vaccine design
Scientists at A*STAR's Singapore Immunology Network discovered a new class of white blood cells that play a critical role in the first line of defense against harmful fungal and bacterial infections. The findings have significant impact on vaccine design and targeted immunotherapies.
SourceAgency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore·JournalImmunity·DateJul 16, 2013
New technology will improve neuron activation induced by cochlear implants
Researchers from University of California have found a way to improve cochlear implant functionality by inducing neurons to extend neurites towards the implant. This study published in Neural Regeneration Research, used soluble neurotrophins and collagen gels to grow cochlear neurites, increasing their numbers and length.
Capturing the artistic approach
Concordia University's SenseLab receives $2.95 million grant to explore the intersection of art and knowledge through 'research creation'. Led by Erin Manning, the project aims to evaluate new forms of knowledge produced outside mainstream research settings.
Weill Cornell presents updated results from Phase 3 trial of IVIG for Alzheimer's disease
Researchers found a dose-dependent reduction of beta amyloid in the blood and brain of IVIG-treated patients with the ApoE4 genotype. Biomarker analyses also showed increases in anti-oligomer and anti-fibril antibodies in IVIG-treated patients.
Ecological forces structure your body's personal mix of microbes
A recent study found that environmental conditions play a stronger role in shaping the human microbiome than competition between species. The researchers used computer models to predict nutrient and energy metabolism and estimated interactions between microbes, revealing that species tend to co-exist with those they strongly compete for.
SourceUniversity of Washington·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateJul 16, 2013
Study examines characteristics, features of West Nile virus outbreaks
A study analyzed West Nile virus epidemics in Dallas County, Texas, finding that they begin early after warm winters and are predicted by the mosquito vector index. The analysis also revealed higher incidence rates of neuroinvasive disease in recent years compared to previous decades.
Where's Waldo? A new alien-like species discovered off California
Scientists discover new clam species, Waldo arthuri, in the Northeastern Pacific Ocean. The species has a thin, translucent shell and long willowy tentacles, and lives on the spines of one type of sea urchin in a commensal relationship.
Spicing up food can make up for missing fat
Research suggests that adding everyday herbs and spices to vegetables and reduced-calorie meals can improve their appeal to consumers. The study found that spiced-up versions of reduced-fat meals were rated as highly as full-fat counterparts, with spiced vegetables scoring above 7.0.
Damaging non-native forest pests at home in northeastern US
A recent study published by the USDA Forest Service found that the northeastern United States is a high-risk area for invasive forest pest invasions. The study used spatial data to demonstrate a highly aggregated geographical distribution of forest pest invasions in the region, with over 70% of species detected before 1940.
SourceUSDA Forest Service - Northern Research Station·JournalDiversity and Distributions·DateJul 16, 2013
Vitamins and minerals can boost energy and enhance mood
Research suggests that vitamins and minerals, such as B and D, as well as omega-3 fatty acids, can improve mood and reduce fatigue. Supplementing with these nutrients may provide an alternative to psychiatric medicines for symptom relief.
UCLA researchers find link between intestinal bacteria and white blood cell cancer
Researchers at UCLA's Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center have identified specific types of intestinal bacteria that contribute to the development of lymphoma. These bacteria can be targeted with antibiotics to reduce cancer risk, while promoting protective bacteria through probiotics may also be effective.
What are fructooliogosaccharides and how do they provide health benefits?
Fructooliogosaccharides, found in chicory and other fruits/vegetables, provide prebiotic properties that stimulate gut microbiota production. They also enhance flavor, reduce sugar content and increase calcium absorption, supporting bone health.
Surface porosity and wettability are key factors in boiling heat transfer
A team of MIT researchers investigated the factors controlling boiling heat transfer from a surface to a liquid, finding that surface porosity is the most important factor. They developed methodologies for systematically depositing nanoparticles onto surfaces with controlled wettability and porosity, leading to improvements in heat-tra...
Combination therapy may help improve rate of favorable neurological status following cardiac arrest
A randomized clinical trial found that combination therapy using vasopressin-epinephrine during cardiopulmonary resuscitation and corticosteroid supplementation improved survival to hospital discharge with a favorable neurological score. This study suggests increased efficacy of the combination therapy compared to epinephrine alone dur...
Changing atmosphere affects how much water trees need
Forests across the globe are losing less water and becoming more efficient in using it for growth as atmospheric carbon dioxide levels rise. Scientists found that forests are storing more carbon due to higher growth rates.
NYU chemists among R&D Magazine award winners for creation of optical evaluation instrument
New York University chemists have created an optical evaluation instrument that can assess the viability of displays in consumer and industrial products. The device, developed with Hinds Instruments, uses a complex scheme to modulate and analyze light polarization, enhancing accuracy by encoding properties in intensity changes over time.
Highest risk Alzheimer's genetic carriers take positive steps after learning risk status
A study found that individuals with an uncommon genetic risk for Alzheimer's disease did not experience increased anxiety or distress after learning their genetic risk. Instead, they took proactive measures such as exercising and following a healthy diet to mitigate their risk of developing Alzheimer's disease.
Diet additions may help youth with type 1 diabetes keep producing own insulin
Researchers found that adding foods rich in amino and fatty acids, such as leucine and omega-3 fatty acids, may help youth with Type 1 diabetes produce some of their own insulin for up to two years after diagnosis. This approach could benefit the lives of these children by reducing the risk of diabetes complications.
Prostate cancers are fewer, smaller on walnut-enriched diet
A study found that a walnut-enriched diet reduced prostate cancer formation by 18% and slowed tumor growth. The results suggest that using walnuts on a regular basis may be beneficial in deferring or preventing certain types of cancer, including breast cancer.
SourceUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio·JournalCancer Investigation·DateJul 16, 2013
Duke bioengineers develop new approach to regenerate back discs
Researchers have developed a new biomaterial that can deliver reparative cells to the nucleus pulposus, or jelly-like cushion found between spinal discs. The gel mix holds cells in place upon injection and provides environmental cues to promote their persistence and biosynthesis.
AGU journal highlights -- July 16, 2013
Research suggests that freshwater ecosystems were more resilient than oceans during the asteroid impact due to annual freeze-thaw cycles, groundwater seeps, and dormant stages of many organisms. This study also explores the bubbling of methane from thermokarst lakes, an important factor in the carbon cycle and global climate change.
Broadband photodetector for polarized light
Rice University and Sandia National Laboratories have created a solid-state electronic device that detects polarized light across the visible and infrared spectrum. The new photodetector uses aligned carbon nanotubes to provide intrinsic polarization sensing, unlike traditional methods which rely on filters or gratings.
New Web-enabled technology records the presence of species by analyzing their sounds
A new technology allows for real-time acoustic recording and species identification in remote locations, providing reliable long-term data on tropical species. The system has been tested in Puerto Rico and Costa Rica, enabling the analysis of over 1 million recordings and supporting conservation efforts.
Minnesota Energy & Environment Senior Advisor Ellen Anderson to receive ESA Regional Policy Award
Ellen Anderson, a champion of sustainability and environmental policy, will receive the ESA Regional Policy Award. She has promoted renewable energy, clean water, and parks, and works on clean energy and public outreach for the Governor's office.
Habits, not cravings, drive food choice during times of stress
During stressful periods, people tend to default to unhealthy snacks due to ingrained habits rather than cravings. The study's findings have significant implications for the development of new food products, highlighting the importance of disrupting existing consumer habits.
Study identifies Deepwater Horizon debris as likely source of Gulf of Mexico oil sheens
Researchers from Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution and University of California, Santa Barbara, used a patented method to fingerprint chemical makeup of oil sheens and estimate source based on evaporation of gasoline-like compounds. The study confirms that the Deepwater Horizon debris is the likely source of Gulf of Mexico oil sheens.
New nanoscale imaging method finds application in plasmonics
The new technique, PTIR, allows precise measurement of plasmonic nanomaterials at the nanoscale without affecting their function. Researchers can image hot spots and dark modes in plasmonic resonators with high spatial resolution.
Dr. Steven M. Stanley wins Penrose Medal, top honor for pure geology
Dr. Steven M. Stanley receives the GSA Penrose Medal for his work on the punctuational model of evolution and its application to fossil data. His contributions focus on major climate change, seawater chemistry changes, and patterns of large-scale evolution and extinction.
Molecular relative of p53 tumor suppressor protein also helps cancer cells thrive
Researchers found that TAp73 supports proliferation of human and mouse tumor cells by activating G6PD, increasing PPP activity, and directing glucose to pathways for macromolecule synthesis. This reprogramming allows rapid generation of nucleic acids, lipids, and proteins, enabling tumor cells to thrive.
Scientists put attitudes toward tigers on the map
Researchers mapped attitudes toward tigers in Nepal's Chitwan National Park, finding that those with higher social status tend to be more positive towards tigers. The study suggests that addressing economic inequality is crucial for effective conservation efforts.
The Line Islands Collection -- Microbial dynamics of coral reef robustness and decline
A multidisciplinary study investigates the effects of anthropogenic influences on coral reefs, focusing on microbial dynamics and their impact on coral health. The research explores intricate interactions between microbes, coral, algae, and fish, revealing key insights into the delicate balance of these ecosystems.
CME To pass Earth, Messenger and Juno
A CME passed Earth on July 16, 2013, causing a geomagnetic storm that can degrade communication signals and cause electrical surges in power grids. The event was predicted by NASA research models and may also affect the Messenger and Juno spacecraft.
Revealed the keys to reducing the impact of agriculture on climate change
A study published in Science magazine found that current agricultural policies result in considerable financial and environmental costs. The research suggests refocusing public policies could improve the situation by rewarding farmers for ecosystem services like climate change mitigation, biodiversity conservation, and water regulation.
Ex-offender data shows high risk of sexually transmitted infections after release
Researchers found that individuals released from the justice system have a high risk of contracting sexually transmitted infections within the first year. Specifically, ex-offenders had a 16% incidence rate of contracting an STI within the first 365 days of release.
Longer duration of obesity associated with subclinical coronary heart disease
A study of over 3,000 adults found that longer durations of obesity in young adulthood were associated with higher rates of coronary artery calcification, a predictor of coronary heart disease. The researchers also found that the presence and progression of subclinical atherosclerosis increased with duration of obesity.
Electronic data methods for health care research -- update from the EDM forum
The EDM Forum presents an update on using electronic clinical data (ECD) for comparative effectiveness research (CER), patient-centered outcomes research (PCOR), and quality improvement (QI). The supplement highlights lessons learned on building infrastructure to generate evidence and improve patient outcomes.
Weight gain early in pregnancy means bigger, fatter babies
A study of 172 expectant mothers found that those who gained excessive weight during the first half of pregnancy gave birth to heavier and longer babies with more body fat. Healthy eating and exercise during pregnancy have long-lasting benefits for both mother and child.
Research leads to affordable technology to fight mosquito-borne diseases
Researchers at University of California, Riverside identified odor molecules that impair mosquitoes' carbon dioxide detection machinery. Olfactor Labs developed a wearable patch that delivers non-toxic compounds to repel mosquitoes, providing up to 48 hours of protection.
NASA sees newborn Tropical Depression 08W in infrared
Tropical Depression 08W formed east of the Philippines and is moving northwest, expected to intensify into a tropical storm. The depression's strong thunderstorms have cloud top temperatures near 210 K (-81.6 F/-63.1 C), while sea surface temperatures support its development and intensification.
Pioneers in Alzheimer's research: Research couple honored for its lifetime achievement
Eva-Maria and Eckhard Mandelkow have made significant progress in understanding the role of tau protein in Alzheimer's disease. Their findings suggest that modifications to normal tau proteins can destroy synapses and lead to cognitive decline, offering a potential target for therapy.
Distinctive brain blood flow patterns associated with sexual dysfunction
Research reveals that women with hypoactive sexual desire disorder have distinct brain blood flow patterns, particularly in regions involved in attention, emotion, and memory. This study provides novel insights into the physiological basis of sexual dysfunction and may lead to the development of new therapies.
SourceMedical College of Georgia at Augusta University·JournalFertility and Sterility·DateJul 16, 2013
Single dose of ADHD drug can reduce fall risk in older adults -- Ben-Gurion U researchers
Researchers at Ben-Gurion University of the Negev found that a single dose of methylphenidate improves balance control during walking, reducing the risk of falls among elderly adults. The study participants were 30 healthy older adults who received a single dose of MPH and underwent assessments under four task conditions.
Nursing home residents with advanced cognitive impairment who undergo multiple hospitalizations
Multiple hospitalizations for pneumonia, urinary tract infections, septicemia, and dehydration result in significantly lower survival rates among nursing home residents with moderate to severe cognitive impairment. These findings highlight the need for reevaluation of care goals and resource allocation for this vulnerable population.
RNA-interference pesticides will need special safety testing
New technology for creating pesticides and pest-resistant crops raises concerns about harm to desirable insects and ecological disruption. Researchers suggest designing chemicals that minimize impact on non-target species and evaluating real-life situations.
Eye-tracking could outshine passwords if made user-friendly
Researchers found that speed, accuracy, and clear error messages are crucial for eye-tracking systems to succeed. A new biometric technique identifies users based on their eye movements, offering a potential alternative to traditional passwords.
Study suggests STD clinics could reduce obstacles to much needed cervical cancer screenings
A new study suggests that STD clinics can provide essential access to cervical cancer screenings for underscreened women. The majority of women participating in the study were eager to receive the screening, and most reported not having had a pap smear in at least three years.
H7N9 influenza strain resistant to antivirals, but tests fail to identify resistance
Recent study found that 35% of H7N9 viruses are resistant to oseltamivir and zanamivir due to a faulty enzyme-based test. Gene-based surveillance techniques can detect these resistant strains, which could spread if not treated properly.
Health Affairs July issue contains global innovation studies from India And Brazil
Two new studies describe health success stories outside the US, showcasing Avahan HIV prevention program transitioned to government management in India and Bolsa Família conditional cash transfer program reducing infant mortality rates in Brazil.
Fires in the Canadian Yukon province
In July 2013, NASA's Aqua satellite captured images of numerous uncontained fires in the Yukon territory, with over 329,000 acres burned. The region has seen significant wildfires, with 133,166 hectares burned this year to date.
Greatly increased risk of stroke for patients who don't adhere to anti-hypertensive medication
A study of 73,527 high blood pressure patients found that non-adherence to anti-hypertensive medication increases the risk of stroke and hospitalization. Patients who didn't take their medication correctly had a nearly four-fold increased risk of dying from stroke in the second year after first being prescribed drugs.
Improving systematic reviews of animal studies will help translational medicine
A new article in PLOS Medicine highlights the importance of routine systematic reviews and meta-analyses of animal studies. The authors argue that funding agencies should subsidize these reviews to reduce waste and duplication of animal studies, while an international register for animal studies is also recommended.
CAMH scientists discover genetic changes that may contribute to the onset of schizophrenia
Researchers identified large rare changes in chromosome structure associated with schizophrenia, similar to those found in autism spectrum disorder. These findings suggest a potential role for clinical DNA testing in understanding the complex disease.
New study addresses trade-offs between food security and climate change mitigation
A new study suggests that sustainable farming practices can significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions while improving food security. By increasing crop yields using efficient methods, such as new varieties and precision farming, farmers can cut emissions by 12% per calorie produced.
SourceInternational Institute for Applied Systems Analysis·JournalEnvironmental Research Letters·DateJul 16, 2013
New model to improve vehicle-to-vehicle communication for 'intelligent transportation'
A new model has been developed to improve the clarity of vehicle-to-vehicle transmissions needed for 'intelligent transportation'. The model accounts for motion-induced signal distortion, reducing errors in data transmission. This innovation has the potential to provide real-time warnings and improve road safety
SourceNorth Carolina State University·JournalIEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications·DateJul 16, 2013
Study identifies source of oil sheens near Deepwater Horizon site
The study identified pockets of oil trapped within the wreckage of the sunken rig as the source of recent oil sheens. This finding suggests that the amount of leakage is limited to these trapped oil pockets, providing some comfort that the situation is under control.
Computer scientist from Saarbrücken receives highly endowed, prestigious EU research grant
Christian Theobalt aims to enable computers to reconstruct motions and surface characteristics from video camera input. His project, CapReal, will explore theoretical bases for whole new methods of dynamic scene reconstruction, aiming to capture geometry, motions, and material characteristics in complex real scenes.
Chew more to retain more energy
Research suggests that chewing food thoroughly increases bioaccessibility of its energy content, with particles becoming smaller as chews increase. This means that eating whole almonds or incorporating mixed fibers from fruits and vegetables can lead to greater energy retention.
Community pharmacists support more involved role in customers' HIV treatment
Researchers found community pharmacists want a more active role in HIV treatment, aiming to build relationships with customers during test sales. Pharmacists believe their role can help strengthen healthcare infrastructure, particularly in rural areas where stigmatized feelings hinder testing and care.
Use of ADT for treatment of prostate cancer linked with increased risk of kidney injury
A study of over 10,000 men with nonmetastatic prostate cancer found that use of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) was associated with a significantly increased risk of acute kidney injury. The association remained consistently elevated across different types of ADTs, particularly in the first year of treatment.
A close Bond: How the CIA exploited 007 for gadget ideas and public relations
The CIA copied outlandish gadgets from Goldfinger and From Russia With Love, while also using the James Bond novels to improve its public profile. Declassified letters reveal the mutual admiration between Allen Dulles and Ian Fleming, who actively leaned on each other to promote a positive image of the agency.
Men cut back on needed health care after switching to high-deductible insurance plans
A study found that men with high-deductible health plans reduced emergency department visits for even severe problems, but later saw an increase in hospitalizations. In contrast, women responded more appropriately to the plan's limitations, reducing ER visits only for less-severe issues.
Family tree of fish yields surprises
A comprehensive family tree of the spiny-rayed fish group, including tuna and seahorses, has revealed surprising relationships and shed light on their evolution and diversity. The study found that some groups of fish have undergone rapid diversification followed by a slowdown in evolution.
SourceUniversity of California - Davis·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateJul 16, 2013
MS drug shows promise for preventing heart failure
Researchers have found that a drug already approved to treat multiple sclerosis may also slow and potentially reverse cardiac hypertrophy, a disorder that often leads to heart failure. By mimicking certain lipids in the body, FTY-720 significantly reduces heart mass and improves overall cardiac function.
Even healthy-looking smokers have early cell damage which destroys necessary genetic programming
A study by Weill Cornell Medicine found that even healthy-looking smokers have damaged airway cells with characteristics similar to those in aggressive lung cancer. The researchers discovered that these cells express human embryonic stem cell genes, which are normally only active in developing embryos.
Steering stem cells with magnets
Scientists at Emory Health Sciences have developed a method to steer mesenchymal stem cells using magnets, which could potentially be used to treat cardiovascular diseases. The nanoparticles used in this study are FDA-approved for MRI purposes and protect the cell from damage.
2013 medals and awards of the Geological Society of America
The Geological Society of America recognized Steven M. Stanley, Richard W. Carlson, and Naomi E. Levin for their groundbreaking research in geology and earth sciences at the 2013 Annual Meeting & Exposition. The winners received prestigious medals, including the Penrose Medal and the Young Scientist Award.
Potential neurological treatments often advance to clinical trials on shaky evidence, study says
A new study from an international team of researchers found that only eight out of 160 meta-analyses of potential neurological treatments yielded statistically significant, unbiased data. The study highlights the need for more stringent requirements to assess animal studies before testing treatments in human patients.
Susceptibility genes for cerebral infarction or hemorrhage in the Han in Hunan, China
A genetic study published in Neural Regeneration Research identified the G4A polymorphism of the scavenger receptor class B type I gene as a possible predisposing risk factor for atherosclerotic cerebral infarction. The study found that individuals with the G4A GA + AA genotype had higher serum levels of high-density lipoprotein choles...
Inner speech speaks volumes about the brain
A new study by Mark Scott suggests that corollary discharge, a predictive brain signal, plays a crucial role in our experiences of internal speech. The findings indicate that the internal copy of our voice produced by corollary discharge can be generated even without external sound, making us believe we hear ourselves speak.
New estimates suggest that prevalence of dementia is falling in UK
New research suggests that dementia prevalence in the UK has fallen from 8.3% in 1991 to 6.5% in 2011, a reduction of 24.1%. This decline is attributed to lower rates among women and no change in prevalence among men.
People with pre-diabetes who drop substantial weight may ward off type 2 diabetes
Researchers found that patients with pre-diabetes who lose 10% or more of their body weight have an 85% reduction in risk of developing diabetes within three years. Lifestyle changes can bring blood sugar levels back to normal, reducing the risk of progression to type 2 disease.
Arg-Phe-amide-related peptides influence gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons
Researchers found that Arg-Phe-amide-related peptide-1 modulates the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis by inhibiting kisspeptin-activated gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons. The study also revealed a potential role for gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone in regulating reproductive development.
Researchers step closer to custom-building new blood vessels
Researchers at Johns Hopkins Medicine have successfully grown new blood vessels from pluripotent stem cells and transplanted them into mice, a crucial step towards developing personalized treatments. The new technique could enable genetically matched blood vessels that are less likely to be rejected by patients' immune systems.
SourceJohns Hopkins Medicine·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateJul 16, 2013
University of Huddersfield project accepted for RGF funding for a Centre of Innovation in Rail
The University of Huddersfield will create a Centre of Innovation in Rail with the received funding, building on its Institute of Railway Research's world-class research and training capabilities. The project aims to address identified challenges in engineering, safety, risk, and skills, improving UK railway competitiveness.
Fat in organs and blood may increase risk of osteoporosis
A new study published in the journal Radiology found that excess liver and muscle fat can increase the risk of osteoporosis by affecting bone marrow quality. Higher levels of bone marrow fat were linked to increased fracture risk, suggesting that obesity can weaken bones.
Length of time a young adult is obese linked with development of silent heart disease
A long-term study of 3,275 young adults found that the duration of obesity is independently linked to the development of subclinical heart disease. The researchers discovered that participants who remained obese for a longer period had higher levels of coronary artery calcification.
RNA diagnostic test from paraffin improves lung cancer diagnosis over routine microscopic evaluation
Scientists developed a histology expression predictor for common types of lung cancer using paraffin samples, achieving accuracy comparable to pathologists. The technology has potential applications in predicting responses to therapies and prognostication.
SourceUniversity of North Carolina Health Care·JournalJournal of Molecular Diagnostics·DateJul 16, 2013
Mosquito indexing system identifies best time to combat potential West Nile Virus outbreaks
Researchers analyzed decade of West Nile infections, weather, and housing data to identify optimal time for intervention. The study found that using a mosquito vector index can nip outbreaks in the bud, but late intervention may still be necessary if data are unavailable.
Bias pervades the scientific reporting of animal studies
A new study reveals substantial bias in animal studies reporting, which may lead to misleading conclusions about potential treatments' effectiveness in humans. The researchers analyzed 160 meta-analyses of animal studies and found that over twice as many studies reached statistical significance than expected.
Long-forgotten seawall protected New Jersey homes from Hurricane Sandy's powerful storm surges
Researchers at Virginia Tech discovered a relic seawall in Bay Head, NJ, that played a crucial role in protecting homes from Hurricane Sandy's storm surges. The 1882 structure, buried beneath the beach, provided significant dampening of waves and prevented widespread destruction.
Taste rules for kids and healthy food choices
Children's eating habits are shaped by environmental factors such as parental behavior, peer groups, and exposure to varied menu items. Research suggests that children tend to prefer sweet and salty flavors, while healthy foods like fruits and vegetables are often overlooked.
Dartmouth's Jason Moore selected as a Kavli Fellow of the National Academy of Sciences
Jason H. Moore, Professor at Dartmouth College, has been recognized for his expertise in translational bioinformatics and personalized medicine. He presented his research on Alzheimer's disease at the Third Indonesian-American Kavli Frontiers of Science Symposium.
Tide is turning in skin cancer battle
Recent advances in melanoma research have put the deadly skin cancer at the forefront of cancer research, raising hopes that scientists and clinicians may have cornered the deadliest form of skin cancer. New diagnostic tools and targeted therapies are showing promise in blocking cancer-causing signaling pathways.
Each degree of global warming might ultimately raise global sea levels by more than 2 meters
A new study finds that global sea levels could rise by more than 2 meters due to the melting of Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets. The research suggests that Antarctica will contribute half of this rise, while Greenland will add another quarter.
SourcePotsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK)·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateJul 16, 2013
Self-perpetuating signals may drive tumor cells to spread
A team of international researchers has identified a self-perpetuating signaling circuit in connective tissue cells that allows them to form a front and back and propel themselves in a particular direction. This propulsion is similar to the movement used by tumor cells to invade healthy tissue during cancer metastasis.
Mathematical models target disease with drugs chosen by your DNA
Researchers developed statistical models to predict which drug is best for a specific individual with a specific disease, considering pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and genetic factors. The framework will help doctors and pharmacists simulate variables like protein-protein interactions and predict treatment effectiveness.
I can see clearly now -- A new method for rapid detection and identification of downy mildew in basil
Researchers have developed a novel protocol for detecting basil downy mildew, enabling early identification and facilitating timely disease control. The method uses Visikol, a proprietary solution that replaces chloral hydrate, allowing for quick detection using a hand magnifying glass.
Artificial organelles transform free radicals into water and oxygen
Researchers have developed artificial peroxisomes that mimic natural organelles, transforming toxic free radicals into water and oxygen. This innovation enables direct cellular targeting, paving the way for novel patient-oriented treatments.