The study reveals that male infanticide is the key driver of monogamy in humans and other primates. By caring for young, fathers can protect infants from rival males and share childcare burdens. This leads to a reduction in infant dependency and allows females to reproduce more quickly.
Researchers aim to prevent diabetes-related damage to blood vessels in the retina by modulating the arginase enzyme. By stabilizing arginase levels, they hope to restore a healthy relationship between enzymes and reduce oxidative stress. This new approach may not only protect sight but also have broader benefits for cardiovascular health.
The APS Foundation has awarded a $20,000 grant to the Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen) to support its TGen2School initiative. The grant will provide science kits and instructional materials for teachers, helping to improve overall scientific literacy and prepare students for careers in STEM fields.
Screening asymptomatic high-risk adults for lung cancer using low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) may significantly reduce mortality, according to a systematic review. The US Preventive Services Task Force reviewed 67 articles and found that LDCT screening can detect lung cancer at an earlier stage, leading to lower mortality rates.
Scientists have discovered that social amoebae can cultivate two bacterial strains, one edible and the other toxic, which differ by only one key mutation. This mutation altered the expression of genes in the non-food strain, making it edible, while the food strain retained its defense mechanisms.
A study found that more than half of parents misunderstood key concepts of genetic biobanking consent, highlighting the need for clearer explanations and inclusive consent models. Researchers are exploring alternative methods of consent delivery to improve understanding and empower families as partners in genetic research.
Researchers at Boston College have developed a novel approach to accelerate a chemical reaction using cooperative co-catalysts. By employing two Lewis base molecules in concert, the team was able to reduce reaction time from two to five days to less than an hour and minimize catalyst loading.
A clinical study on reduced toxicant prototype cigarettes is investigating whether reducing smoke toxicant exposure affects biomarkers of biological effect. The six-month study, involving 260 healthy adult subjects, aims to assess the longer-term impact of these cigarettes on biological effects.
A large study from Boston Children's Hospital found that 61% of teenagers had been exposed to at least one potentially traumatic event, with girls more likely to develop PTSD than boys. Risk factors for developing PTSD include lack of both biological parents in the home and pre-existing mental disorders like ADHD.
Researchers used dysprosium to measure electron velocity and found the maximum speed of an electron is consistent with the speed of light. The experiment pushes the limits of Einstein's theory, potentially revealing new insights into particle physics.
Researchers found that limiting contact in practice reduced the number and force of head hits in young football players. The study, which measured head impacts over an entire season, showed that teams with restricted practices had significantly fewer head hits, on average, than teams without such restrictions.
Beaumont Health System is part of a multicenter research study on the new AbsorbTM Bioresorbable Vascular Scaffold, which helps keep arteries open after angioplasty. The device dissolves naturally in the body, reducing the need for permanent stents.
Researchers at the National Human Genome Research Institute identified biomarkers of kidney damage and demonstrated that antioxidant therapy protected kidney function in mice. These findings offer new tools for monitoring disease progression and may pave the way for clinical trials for patients with methylmalonic acidemia.
Research suggests that timber rattlesnakes can remove thousands of infected ticks from ecosystems each year, potentially regulating Lyme disease prevalence. Fungi, meanwhile, display unique relationships with other species, including decomposition, mutual benefits, and parasitic behaviors.
A new study by Michigan State University found that worker loyalty is positively correlated with higher earnings, with employees who are committed to the company's mission earning up to an additional year of experience. The research also identified factors that promote worker loyalty, including learning new skills and job security.
Researchers have developed a highly efficient solar fuel device that can produce hydrogen from sunlight, with a potential to store energy for later use. The device uses a metal oxide photo anode and a cobalt phosphate catalyst to split water into hydrogen and oxygen.
Social monogamy emerged as a mating strategy due to male competition for resources. Males with limited access to food rely on monogamy to increase reproductive success.
A study published in JAMA Pediatrics found that longer breastfeeding durations are associated with better receptive language at age 3 and verbal and nonverbal intelligence at age 7. Higher fish intake during lactation also appeared to strengthen the relationship between infant feeding and later cognition.
Researchers found aberrant splicing changes the form of an enzyme involved in metabolism, leaving slow muscle fibers unable to sustain exercise. This discovery may explain the muscle wasting seen in myotonic dystrophy, a disease characterized by abnormal CTG repeats.
A study by Rice University and Louisiana State University found that court-mandated prison reforms led to a 22% decrease in welfare spending. The researchers discovered that states that were ordered to improve living conditions spent significantly more on correctional facilities, but less on social programs.
A study analyzing national trends from 1999 to 2010 found that the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications or acetaminophen decreased, while narcotic use increased, despite adherence to clinical guidelines.
McGill researchers have identified a cluster of cells in the brain that react to unexpected motion, enabling us to maintain our balance. This finding has significant implications for understanding the neural basis of motion sickness.
Reducing overall antibiotic consumption does not necessarily decrease resistance, particularly for MRSA, where some antibiotics like clindamycin and methicillin are more effective in reducing resistance. The success of antibiotic reduction programs depends on the targeted antibiotics that are reduced.
Researchers create a system to encrypt software, making it unreverse-engineerable without solving mathematical problems. This mechanism uses multilinear jigsaw puzzles to prevent deciphering of the code behind software.
Entomologist Jack Longino identified 33 new species of predatory ants in Central America and the Caribbean. The ants were found in small patches of forest and have monster-like faces with sharp teeth and jaws. Their primitive eyes detect light, but not form images.
A University of Pittsburgh study found that diets lacking omega-3 fatty acids can worsen effects over consecutive generations, particularly affecting teens. Adolescents with omega-3 deficiencies showed increased anxiety and hyperactivity, impaired learning and memory, and problem-solving abilities.
A new model developed by researchers at the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases predicts that some children can 'outgrow' obesity during periods of rapid growth, especially boys. However, girls tend to retain more body fat during this period, making it harder for them to overcome obesity.
Researchers at the University of Kentucky Markey Cancer Center have made significant discoveries about the Par-4 gene and its role in cancer recurrence. The study found that low levels of Par-4 protein may predict breast cancer relapse, while high levels can eliminate cancer cells through apoptosis.
A new UCLA study found that different types of happiness have surprisingly different effects on the human genome. People with eudaimonic well-being showed favorable gene-expression profiles in their immune cells, while those with hedonic well-being showed an adverse profile.
New calculations predict hydrogen takes on a series of structures under high pressure, forming transparent metal layers that make detection difficult. The findings suggest the line between metal and non-metal in hydrogen is blurrier than previously thought, requiring advanced experimental techniques to detect.
A new study by a University of Missouri scientist has developed 3D computer modeling that complements the study of biological systems for many species. The technology allows for the creation of interactive models that can be shared with other laboratories or used in the classroom, providing an alternative to accessing donor bodies.
Patients who received their first kidney transplant between ages 14 and 16 appear to be at increased risk for graft failure. Black adolescents have a disproportionately higher risk of graft failure compared to other age groups.
Astronomers at Durham University developed a new way to measure supermassive black holes' spin, which is linked to their role in driving galaxy growth. The technique uses the distance between a black hole and its feeding disc to estimate spin.
A new study found that over 12,000 US children are treated each year for nonfatal food-related choking, with hard candy being the leading cause. The study also showed that more than half of choking episodes involve high-risk foods like hot dogs, seeds, and nuts.
Researchers have developed a new method to pinpoint single DNA mutations, which could aid in diagnosing and treating diseases like cancer and tuberculosis. The technology is robust, easy to use, and suitable for low-resource settings.
Researchers use molecular robots to identify specific cell populations, allowing for more targeted therapy. The technique could lead to better anti-cancer agents, arthritis drugs, and other treatments with fewer side effects.
A new study from the University of Copenhagen reveals that permafrost thawing can lead to a substantial release of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. The findings, based on 12-year measurements, show that water content in the soil is crucial for predicting the effect of permafrost thawing.
Coronary artery disease (CAD) disproportionately affects women, with unique risk factors including pregnancy and autoimmune diseases. Women are more likely to die from CAD than men in similar circumstances, especially at younger ages.
Researchers screened genes for interactions with MECP2 and found five modifiers, including squalene epoxidase, which is drug-targetable. Statin drugs improved symptoms in Rett mice, performing better on mobility tests and living longer. However, further clinical trials are necessary to confirm efficacy and determine optimal treatment.
Scientists at SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory have clocked the fastest-possible electrical switching in magnetite, a naturally magnetic mineral. The results could drive innovations in tiny transistors that control electricity across silicon chips.
Researchers at the University of Chicago have discovered that just 12 water molecules are responsible for the long recovery period of potassium channels. This finding has significant implications for understanding fundamental biology and designing pharmaceuticals.
Researchers at the University of Oregon have made breakthroughs in understanding the complex interactions between actin filaments and regulatory proteins. They discovered how tiny synthetic molecules disrupt the activity of a key molecular machine, potentially leading to new therapeutic targets for diseases such as cancer and HIV.
A University of Utah study suggests that isoflurane, a surgical anesthetic, may provide an alternative to electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) for treating drug-resistant depression. The pilot study found significant reductions in symptoms of depression with both ECT and isoflurane treatments.
Undergraduate students at University of Houston are conducting research on Alzheimer's diagnostics, breast cancer treatment, and fruit fly courtship patterns. Their projects aim to develop new diagnostic methods and treatments, while exploring adaptations to environmental changes.
Researchers have generated functional human liver cells from stem cells and transplanted them into mice with acute liver injury. The stem-cell derived human liver cells were able to function normally and increase the survival of treated animals. This breakthrough demonstrates a scalable method for producing these cells, which could lea...
A new series of articles in the American Journal of Botany explores how plants respond to climate change, providing insights into plant biology, ecology, and evolution. The studies reveal complex relationships between plants and wide-scale biological changes.
Researchers created a new technique for creating biomolecular gradients using semiconductor materials, allowing scientists to monitor molecular behavior and interactions. The technique creates surface characteristics that enable monitoring of other aspects of molecular interaction.
Research in Navarre's beech groves reveals traditional forestry management reduces fungal diversity, with some species disappearing and families affected. The study highlights the importance of decomposing dead wood for fungal populations, contradicting current forest management practices.
New study reveals stable survival rates for HIV-associated lymphoma patients during the antiretroviral therapy era. Despite increased incidence and changing demographics, recent diagnosis years are not associated with decreased mortality. The study highlights an ongoing need to improve treatments for this challenging population.
Researchers at McGill University have discovered a method to join nanoparticles together using ultrasound, forming strong agglomerates without changing their useful properties. This discovery could lead to the development of new hybrid materials with various everyday applications, such as improving catalytic converters in car exhausts.
Researchers found that flattering sellers eliminates the endowment effect, leading to lower selling prices. This phenomenon is driven by consumers' emotional response to losing a possession, which can be mitigated by acknowledging their concerns.
The VASCAN database provides accepted scientific names, synonyms, and Canadian vernacular names in English and French. It also offers detailed distribution information across Canada's provinces and territories.
A study of 43,979 patient records found that emergency physicians correctly identified nearly all patients with Bell's palsy. The majority of patients with life-threatening alternative diagnoses were accurately diagnosed without advanced diagnostic tests.
Researchers tracked a healthy male subject's virome for two-and-a-half years, revealing rapid evolution of viral species. The study found that certain viral species changed substantially over time, driven by genetic mechanisms such as substitution and CRISPRs.
Scientists at Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research discovered natural killer cells have optimal immune response balance, having less active NK cells during early stages of infection improves survival. The overproduction of interferon IFN-γ can block recruitment of neutrophilic granulocytes, leading to fatal sepsis.
A UC Irvine team measures how to best prevent bullet deaths by designing parameters for gun control. They found that reduced legal gun availability lowers domestic and one-on-one crime deaths, but armed citizens may save lives in rare mass shootings if trained to avoid accidentally shooting fleeing bystanders.
Research from King's College London reveals that people with mental health problems face higher unemployment rates and increased social exclusion during economic downturns. The study, published in PLOS ONE, highlights the need for governments and employers to address stigma and discrimination against individuals with mental health issues.
High platelet reactivity after drug-eluting stent implantation was associated with increased risk of stent thrombosis and heart attack, while also reducing major bleeding. However, the association between high platelet reactivity and mortality was not independent.
A study by Russell W. Belk finds that consumers are losing inhibitions and sharing personal thoughts, photos, and opinions online without limits. This 'online disinhibition effect' can lead to regrettable posts, affecting school, job, and relationship prospects.
In a study published in Developmental Psychology, researchers found that gesturing significantly improves young children's performance on cognitive tasks. The study shows that even 2-and-a-half-year-olds who use gestures outperform their peers, suggesting a strong link between gesture and cognitive development.