Researchers at Berkeley Lab have developed a technique to hyperpolarize carbon-13 nuclear spins in diamond, enhancing NMR/MRI sensitivity by many orders of magnitude. This method uses a low-strength magnetic field and is applicable to various applications, including molecular detection and quantum information processing.
Research reveals parasitic wasp Tetrastichus planipennisi populations are increasing and expanding in Michigan, suggesting they will play a critical role in suppressing the invasive EAB. By 2012, rates of parasitism on EAB increased from 1.2% to 21.2%, with 92% of sampled trees hosting wasp broods.
A recent study by the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (MBARI) has mapped out areas of deep-sea debris in the ocean, revealing a significant accumulation of trash in Monterey Canyon. The researchers found that plastic bags and metal objects were the most common types of debris, with many pieces smothering or choking marine life.
Researchers at the University of Illinois developed a new flow-based method for manipulating and confining single particles in free solution, addressing current challenges in nanoscience. The microfluidic trap enables precise positioning control over tiny nanoparticles, enabling exploration of new technologies.
A recent literature review published in Journal of Integrated Pest Management found that complaints about wild turkeys causing crop damage are often exaggerated. The study revealed that while wild turkeys can cause minor damage to certain crops and specialty operations, their impact is typically overstated.
Researchers found individuals with autism spectrum disorders have significantly decreased metabolism of amino acid L-tryptophan, leading to potential early blood screening tests. The study also identified genes involved in L-tryptophan metabolism, paving the way for therapeutic options.
Researchers discovered how malaria parasites stick to blood vessels by binding to endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR). This finding may lead to new means of combating malaria, including vaccines and drugs. The discovery sheds light on the mechanisms behind severe malaria symptoms.
A new study by UT Arlington researcher Jacob Resch found that the ImPACT test miscategorized healthy participants as impaired up to 46% of the time, particularly on verbal and visual memory tests. The research emphasizes the need for multiple concussion assessments to ensure accurate diagnoses.
A study using NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory and Spitzer Space Telescope data suggests that black holes are responsible for at least 20% of the cosmic infrared background. This finding indicates intense activity from black holes feeding on gas during the epoch of the first stars.
A new study from the University of Edinburgh found that moderately obese mothers can pass health risks to their grandchildren, while sparing their own children. The research, conducted on mice, could inform health policy on obesity.
A new study suggests that fathers should ask their children for feedback on their parenting to improve the relationship. Researchers found that girls tend to believe in a father's enduring aspects, while boys think dads do good depending on the situation. Fatherhood expert Jeff Cookston offers five tips to improve dad-child relationships.
Frailty affects 5-10% of people over 70, leading to increased death rates, poor function, and hospitalizations. Screening with the FRAIL questionnaire can identify frail individuals and guide treatment with exercise, nutrition supplements, vitamin D, and reduced medications.
A new study by UNC Charlotte researchers shows that teacher collaboration and professional learning communities improve many elementary school students' math performance. However, few schools have effectively developed both environments, and the study highlights the need for school leaders to create supportive districts that provide re...
A study by Georgia State University researcher Jeremy Diem found that a decrease in pollution following the passage of the Clean Air Act of 1970 led to an increase in summer rainfall for the Atlanta metropolitan area. Precipitation levels dropped in the 1950s and 1960s due to air pollution, but rebounded in the late 1970s as pollution ...
A team of scientists is investigating the potential of wild bumble bees as a supplementary workforce to honey bees in improving crop pollination. They aim to increase wild bumble bee populations, which could complement the work of honey bees and address declining wild honey bee populations.
The Deepwater Horizon oil spill trial aims to compensate for $40 billion in damage to the Gulf of Mexico. Restoration projects include rebuilding barrier islands and marshes.
Astronomers studied young star TW Hydrae to understand the birth of our Sun, finding it was clumpy and episodic in accretion. The study revealed that accretion drove magnetic activity on TW Hydrae.
Researchers have identified a fibrous dysplasia tumor in a Neanderthal rib from Croatia, dating back over 120,000 years. This discovery predates previous evidence of this type of cancer by tens of thousands of years, challenging the notion that bone tumors were rare in ancient human populations.
Researchers developed a new screening technique that allows for highly efficient glycoprotein production in bacteria, increasing yields seven times compared to laboratory tests. This breakthrough could lead to more affordable and effective protein-based drugs for diseases like diabetes, cancer, and arthritis.
Researchers found that consistent bedtime within 45 minutes increases likelihood of using CPAP for at least four hours. Adults with inconsistent bedtimes are more likely to nonadhere to treatment, increasing odds by 3.2 times.
Scientists studied how microscopic bubbles form and expand in metallic glass under negative pressure, finding they indicate a brittle breakdown is in progress. The research aims to optimize metallic glass alloys for high-strength and fracture-resistant applications.
Baylor researchers found that entrepreneurs in the US pray daily and attend services in congregations that encourage business and profit-making. The study suggests that faith communities may play a role in preparing individuals for entrepreneurship.
The Cat's Paw Nebula is forming stars at an unprecedented rate of 200,000 suns' worth of material, with over 2,000 extremely young and still trapped inside their dusty cocoons. The cause of this 'mini-starburst' remains unclear, but its proximity to Earth makes it an ideal target for detailed study.
The new radiometer will globally map soil moisture levels, a crucial gauge for drought monitoring and prediction. It will also help scientists understand the water cycle and crack an unsolved climate mystery: the location of carbon dioxide stores.
Scientists at NIH discover how HIV kills immune cells by triggering a signal that causes infected cells to die. Treating HIV-infected individuals with drugs blocking viral replication may improve CD4+ T cell survival and immune function.
A global survey found that treatment with vaginal estrogen improved sex lives for postmenopausal women, reducing pain and increasing satisfaction. The study also showed a positive impact on self-esteem and relationships.
Rural cancer survivors experience poorer health due to higher rates of smoking and lack of physical activity. The study found that 25% of rural smokers compared to 16% of urban smokers reported lower rates of regular exercise, highlighting the need for targeted interventions.
A recent study by NJIT Assistant Professor Mei Liu has validated previously reported adverse drug reactions and identified new ones using data mining from electronic medical records (EMRs). The research correlated abnormal laboratory results with specific drug administrations to detect adverse reactions.
Researchers have discovered an inexpensive and easily produced metal-free catalyst that performs better than platinum in oxygen-reduction reactions. The catalyst is more stable and tolerant of carbon monoxide poisoning and methanol crossover.
University of Michigan researchers have discovered how a defective gene in Down syndrome is regulated and its impact on neurological development. By studying fruit fly neurons, they identified two molecular pathways that converge to regulate the gene's abundance, offering a possible therapeutic approach to an aspect of the syndrome.
Researchers analyzed soil lead in an urban garden plot and found highly variable concentrations across the 49x98 foot garden. A prominent hotspot was detected in the northwest corner, where a paint shop had been located, exceeding the EPA's 400 ppm threshold for safe levels.
Scaling up these interventions would save 900,000 children's lives per year and reduce stunting prevalence by 20% worldwide. The interventions include supplements and treatment strategies for malnutrition.
Researchers have characterized the Bacillus thuringiensis Cry4B toxin as highly toxic against Anopheles gambiae, a principal vector of malaria. The study demonstrates that Cry4B can kill even Permethrin-resistant mosquito larvae, providing an environmentally safe approach to controlling malaria.
A new, fast and accurate algorithm developed by Polish researchers can calculate the Chandrasekhar function with accuracy up to over a dozen decimal digits. This method is crucial for understanding physical and chemical properties of materials' surfaces studied under laboratory conditions.
A new study found that formula-fed rhesus monkeys experienced metabolic stress, similar to those who were breastfed, which may explain the link between early feeding practices and chronic diseases. Reducing protein content in infant formula could be beneficial in reducing metabolic stress.
The American College of Cardiology is developing a patient navigator program to provide personalized services to heart disease patients and reduce readmissions. The program aims to create a culture of patient-centered care and support patients during their hospital stay and post-discharge period.
Scientists developed a potential new drug that destroys cancer cells while preventing their spread to other sites in the body. The compound was tested in laboratory mice and showed promising results.
A phase 1 clinical trial shows a new treatment safely reduces immune system reactivity to myelin in multiple sclerosis patients by 50-75%. The therapy, which uses specially processed white blood cells, preserves the function of the normal immune system. Researchers hope to launch a phase 2 trial to prevent MS progression.
A new method using Petri nets simplifies supervisor control for automated manufacturing systems, reducing deadlocks and improving system throughput. NJIT professor Mengchu Zhou's research proposes removing dependent inequalities to minimize computerized supervisory control time, providing a more efficient solution.
Purdue researchers achieve significant improvement in temporal cloaking, enabling 46% of data transmission to be encrypted. This technology could enhance telecommunications security and find applications in military, homeland security, or law enforcement.
A new species of blenniiform fish, Haptoclinus dropi, has been discovered in the biodiversity-rich waters of the southern Caribbean. Measuring only 2cm in length, it features a unique color pattern and four divisions on its dorsal fin.
University of Washington researchers have developed WiSee technology that leverages Wi-Fi signals to detect specific movements without needing sensors or cameras. The system accurately classifies nine different gestures with a high accuracy rate, paving the way for a smart home reality.
Research published in PLOS ONE found that mildly depressed individuals' ability to distinguish between high-fat and low-fat foods is affected by their mood. After watching a sad movie clip, participants with mild depression were unable to tell the difference between the two types of foods.
A new study found that consuming cheese and other dairy products can help protect teeth against cavities. The study showed that subjects who ate cheese experienced an increase in pH levels, which could be caused by increased saliva production and compounds in cheese adhering to tooth enamel.
A new study released by George Mason University researchers has shown success in pinpointing individualized treatment for women with metastatic breast cancer. The pilot study combined proteomic and genomic research, achieving a 30% increase in progression-free survival for nearly half of the patients.
The global prevalence of stunting has slowly decreased, but rates are not falling quickly enough to meet global targets. Malnutrition affects at least 165 million children worldwide, with stunting, wasting, and underweight affecting over 90% in Asia or Africa.
Comet impacts are thought to have delivered massive amounts of organics to early Earth, which could have led to the formation of life. The study found that moderate shock pressures and temperatures produced nitrogen-containing heterocycles, while higher conditions resulted in methane and formaldehyde.
Dr. Matt Huentelman and Dr. Glen Weiss are among the 40 Under 40 honorees recognized by the Phoenix Business Journal for their contributions to genomic research, including TGen's MindCrowd project and lung cancer studies. The recognition highlights the institute's advancements in understanding human genetics and developing new treatments.
Scientists are working to reduce ocean pollution from microplastics, tiny bits of plastic that can harm marine ecosystems. Researchers at the Virginia Institute of Marine Science have developed biodegradable microbeads made from naturally occurring compounds called PHAs, which break down quickly in water and wastewater treatment plants.
Researchers have developed a low-cost metal-free catalyst using edge-halogenated graphene nanoplatelets that shows remarkable electrocatalytic activity for oxygen reduction reaction, higher tolerance to methanol crossover/CO poisoning effects and longer-term stability than platinum-based catalysts.
Researchers at UCLA have isolated a new population of pluripotent stem cells, called Multi-lineage Stress-Enduring (Muse-AT) cells, from fat tissue that can differentiate into virtually every cell type in the human body. These cells are stress-resistant and may even be activated by severe stress, making them potentially superior source...
Researchers at UC San Diego have developed a firefighting robot that creates a 3D thermal imaging picture of a burning building, providing critical data for first responders. The robot uses stereo vision and sensor data to map the interior of the building, allowing rescuers to better assess the structure and plan their activities.
A new microbial phytase derived from Aspergillus oryzae has been found to be highly effective at releasing phosphorus from the phytate molecule. The enzyme, Ronozyme HiPhos, improves phosphorus and calcium digestibility in pigs by up to 68.7% and 84.7%, respectively.
A 20-minute yoga session significantly improved participants' speed and accuracy on tests of working memory and inhibitory control. After yoga practice, the participants showed more improvement in their reaction times and accuracy on cognitive tasks compared to moderate to vigorous aerobic exercise.
Researchers identified a genetic mutation in the MKRN3 gene that leads to premature puberty. The mutation is inherited from the father and disrupts protein function, triggering early reproductive hormone activation.
Researchers used laser light pulses to study aerosol and cloud processes in atmospheric conditions. The results show that high-intensity laser pulses can increase the number of ice particles in cirrus clouds by up to a factor of 100 within seconds, intensifying their optical density and making them appear brighter.
A Michigan State University team used a model system to show that predator confusion can evolve swarming behavior in prey, allowing groups to defend themselves against larger predators. This discovery provides insights into the evolution of intelligence and how it developed in nature.
A pioneering study demonstrates the benefit of MRI in identifying mental illnesses such as bipolar disorder. The advanced imaging technique was able to correctly distinguish patients from healthy individuals with a high degree of accuracy, promising a new approach to diagnosis.
A new study by University of Maryland researchers finds that peer group pressures can start in elementary schools, affecting children's development from an early age. Children show moral independence and will stand up to the group, but also struggle with conflicts between loyalty and fairness.
A recent study by researchers at Linköping University has found no correlation between quick decisions and increased willingness to cooperate. Contrary to previous findings, the study shows that being forced to make decisions under time pressure does not affect people's desire to collaborate.
Researchers have discovered a push-pull system in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) that allows the biological clock to adjust to changes in day/night cycles. The system uses neurotransmitters GABA and VIP to synchronize neurons and maintain accuracy within minutes of the day.
Research on mice reveals that over-producing a normal autism-linked gene can cause cognitive problems, while under-producing it leads to arrested development. The findings suggest narrow windows of opportunity for effective gene therapies.
Researchers at ETH Zurich found that coffee farmers in southern India can increase yields independently of bees, through irrigation, liming, and agroforestry practices. The study's findings challenge the idea that pollinators are essential for coffee production, highlighting the importance of alternative factors.
A new Lancet series highlights the critical role of nutrition during the first 1,000 days of life in shaping childhood health and future economic prospects. The series estimates that 800,000 neonatal deaths are caused by fetal growth restriction, underscoring the importance of maternal nutrition.
Research reveals higher diversity in gut microbiota enables more robust immune responses to vaccines. Scientists found that diverse gut bacteria may help humans resist enteric pathogens like Salmonella and Shigella.
The Lancet review finds that existing programs in agriculture, social safety nets, early child development, and schooling have limited evidence of nutritional benefits. Investing in nutrition-sensitive programs can help prevent excess stunting, wasting, and impaired child development.
A study by Berkeley Lab found that increasing classroom ventilation rates up to the state standard can reduce student absences by approximately 3.4 percent, leading to significant cost savings for schools and families. This reduction in absenteeism is estimated to be worth $33 million annually to California's school districts.
A new technique developed by researchers at Concordia University has slashed data-crunching time for law enforcement, allowing investigators to extract hidden knowledge from large volumes of text. The new method automatically identifies criminal topics and provides visualization of social networks among participants.
A recent study revealed a new mutation in atypical chronic neutrophilic leukemia (CNL) patients, allowing doctors to prescribe targeted treatment ruxolitinib. The treatment brought significant improvements to the patient's health, including reduced white blood cell counts and normalized other blood counts.
Researchers found tiny bubbles of ancient water in Australian quartz grains with different argon isotope ratios than today. This suggests that the energy from the Sun was not enough to freeze all water on Earth until 2.5 billion years ago, leading to the first ice age.
Scientists at Oak Ridge National Laboratory have designed an all-solid lithium-sulfur battery with approximately four times the energy density of conventional lithium-ion technologies. The battery's use of abundant low-cost elemental sulfur addresses flammability concerns, while also increasing safety by eliminating liquid electrolytes.
A clinical study has found electronic stimulation therapy to reduce obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) safe and effective. The therapy, called Inspire Upper Airway Stimulation, was shown to significantly improve symptoms by restoring tone to key airway muscles and preventing airway collapse.
A new study by Xiaojun Yang reveals significant gender differences in decision-making among rural Chinese farmers, highlighting the importance of relative status and consumption. Women's spending habits, such as buying clothes and dining out, signal their social standing, while men prioritize mobile phones.
Two devastating wildfires in New Mexico, Tres Lagunas and Thompson Ridge, continue to threaten residents around Santa Fe. The causes of the fires, downed power lines and human activity, have raised concerns about growth potential and containment efforts.
A study by Oxford University psychologists found that stress or anxiety increases a 'belief in science' in non-religious people, which may help them cope with adversity. The researchers suggest that this belief can offer comfort and reassurance, similar to the benefits of religious faith.
A new study linking medieval Irish chronicles with ice-core records shows that up to 48 explosive volcanic eruptions caused extreme cold events in Ireland from 431-1649. Volcanic sulfate deposits in ice cores matched written records of heavy snowfall, frost, and prolonged ice covering lakes and rivers.
A new species of scorpion has been discovered in the Ecuadorian Andes, featuring a unique reddish-brown coloration with three longitudinal brown stripes. This discovery expands our knowledge of scorpion diversity in the region, which is considered a global epicenter of biodiversity.
Small-scale farming households in India experienced improved calorie consumption and dietary quality after adopting genetically modified (GM) cotton. The technology enabled these households to afford more and better food, reducing food insecurity by 15-20%. GM crops may be an important component of a broader food security strategy.
A Johns Hopkins trial found that group psychotherapy significantly reduced symptoms of PTSD, depression, and anxiety among women survivors of sexual violence in the Democratic Republic of Congo. The treatment achieved more dramatic results compared to individual support services.
The discovery of Archicebus achilles represents a significant milestone in the field of paleoanthropology. Found to be approximately 7 million years old, this ancient primate fossil sheds light on the evolutionary divergence between the lineage leading to modern monkeys, apes and humans, and that leading to living tarsiers.
Research found that people with atrial fibrillation experience lower memory and thinking scores at earlier ages, with faster decline rates compared to those without the condition. Cognitive impairment or dementia risk may be higher for those with atrial fibrillation, particularly after age 75.
A randomized controlled study found that short-term therapy delivered by para-professionals significantly reduced mental health symptoms among rape survivors in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Cognitive processing therapy (CPT) was effective in reducing depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms.
Policies allowing medical school faculty to care for family while advancing their careers are more available than ever, yet underutilized. A comprehensive communications intervention at UC Davis increased awareness and reduced barriers to use, promoting a culture shift in support of family-friendly policies.
Researchers found that Drosophila subobscura flies acquired genetic variants tolerant to heatwaves, leading to high reproductive success for resistant genotypes. The study provides evidence of genome adaptation to temperature changes and highlights the resilience of certain organisms to environmental disturbances.
Researchers have identified a compound that can reduce PTSD-like symptoms in mice after they are exposed to stress, suggesting a potential new treatment. The discovery is based on the finding that morphine administration may lower the risk of developing PTSD by affecting fear learning.
Key findings highlight the need for prioritized investment in nutrition-specific interventions and maximizing nutrition-sensitivity in national development processes. Effective coordination among sectors requires political calculations and engagement from various organizations.
Physicists found that changes in electrical resistivity depend on compound composition and can change sign, indicating an intimate connection between magnetism and superconductivity. The study uses single crystals and liquid helium to measure properties in the coexistence region, shedding light on iron-based superconductors.
CNIO researchers discovered a new gene called TRF1 that plays a vital role in nuclear reprogramming. This discovery is crucial for understanding the mechanisms of cell differentiation and regeneration, and may lead to breakthroughs in regenerative medicine.
The Lancet Series highlights the importance of nutrition for breaking global poverty and improving development outcomes. Investments in the first 1000 days of life can prevent undernutrition, overweight, and poor child development outcomes with long-lasting effects on human capital formation.
A new study led by the University of East Anglia finds that companies claiming social responsibility should also prioritize transparency over their tax arrangements. The researchers propose key elements of a responsible tax strategy, including avoiding tax havens and country-by-country reporting.
A new drug has been shown to prevent PTSD-like symptoms in mice by targeting the Oprl1 receptor, a gene variant linked to increased risk of developing PTSD in humans. The results suggest that the drug could have a similar preventive effect on PTSD in humans.
Researchers analyzed popular baby names from the last decade to decode the association between vowel sound size and sex. They found that male names are more likely to contain larger sounding vowels, which may influence parents' choices.
A new study found that installing storm drain diversions at 26 beaches in Santa Monica Bay and Malibu increased attendance by 350,000 to 860,000 annually. The installation of these diversions improved the environmental quality of coastal areas, leading to a direct correlation between increased attendance and reduced beach closures.
Researchers Brian Druker and Charles Sawyers developed imatinib, a widely used drug targeting cancer cells, transforming chronic myeloid leukemia from fatal to manageable. Their work inspired the pharmaceutical industry and future physician-scientists.
A recent study published in Social Science Information challenges the long-held notion that humans are separate from animals. Dominique Lestel argues that species loss has a symbolic consequence on our culture, and that every species contributes to our being and meaning.
A new surgical technique for deep brain stimulation (DBS) has been developed, allowing for more accurate placement of brain electrodes and reducing complications. The procedure is safer and faster than traditional DBS surgery, making it a promising treatment option for various medical conditions beyond Parkinson's disease.
Researchers at NIST have reported the first observation of the spin Hall effect in a Bose-Einstein condensate, offering new insight into the quantum mechanical world. The phenomenon demonstrates the potential for ultracold atoms to be used as circuit components, paving the way for applications in 'atomtronics'.
The discovery of Archicebus achilles, a 55-million-year-old primate fossil, provides insights into the early evolution of humans and apes. The tiny skeleton, weighing around 20-30 grams as an adult, suggests that the earliest primates were small, day-dwelling tree-climbers.
A new study found that school-located vaccination clinics increased flu vaccination rates among children by 13.2 percentage points, despite higher initial costs. The program may be a cost-effective way to broaden access to flu vaccines for children, particularly in primary-care settings.
Research reveals nearly one-third of children with autism also experience clinically significant ADHD symptoms, leading to greater impairments in cognitive, social, and adaptive functioning. Children with co-occurring ASD and ADHD are more likely to display severe autism mannerisms and have significant cognitive delays.
Researchers found that describing feelings of anger leads to a smaller increase in heart rate compared to not reporting on it. The study suggests that the act of measuring emotions can change physiological responses, highlighting the importance of considering measurement effects in emotion research.
A nearly complete, articulated skeleton of a new tiny, tree-dwelling primate has been discovered in China, dating back 55 million years. The fossil, named Archicebus achilles, is one of the most primitive primate fossils ever documented and provides valuable insights into the evolution of primates.
A recent UC San Francisco study found that poor sleep quality is significantly associated with increased inflammation levels among women with coronary heart disease. Women who reported very poor or fairly poor sleep quality showed a greater increase in inflammatory biomarkers compared to men.
Researchers at the University of Minnesota have created a noninvasive brain-computer interface that allows people to control a flying robot using only their thoughts. The technology has the potential to help people with disabilities, such as paralysis or neurodegenerative diseases, regain mobility and independence.
Researchers at Lund University discovered a substance that prevents atherosclerosis caused by high blood sugar levels. The substance only affects NFAT-activated cells and has no impact on the immune system. This breakthrough offers hope for a targeted treatment to address vascular damage in diabetes patients.
Researchers discovered a novel pathway to enhance NMDA receptor function using pregnenolone sulfate, increasing functional receptors on cell surface within minutes. This finding suggests potential treatments not only for schizophrenia but also age-related memory and learning issues.
Researchers found anesthesia-induced cell death in neurons is not limited to the immature brain, but targets neurons of a certain age and maturational stage. This finding may have implications for millions of children and adults undergoing surgical anesthesia annually.
A NASA satellite captured infrared imagery revealing a large area of disorganized thunderstorms and strong gusty winds over the southeastern Gulf. The system has a high chance (60%) of becoming a subtropical or tropical cyclone within 2 days, posing a threat to southern Florida.
Researchers at University of South Florida found a combination of nontoxic therapies prolonged survival time by 78% in mice with metastatic cancer. The treatment combined ketogenic diet and hyperbaric oxygen therapy, both non-toxic to healthy tissues while damaging cancer cells.
The oldest known fossil primate skeleton, Archicebus achilles, was discovered in central China's Hubei Province. The 7-million-year-old skeleton is crucial in understanding the evolutionary divergence that led to modern monkeys, apes, and humans.