Research found a significant association between early-life exposure to traffic-related air pollution and increased hyperactivity scores in children at age 7. The study suggests that traffic pollution may have long-lasting effects on the developing brain.
Researchers at Rice University have developed a novel approach to arrange metal nanoparticles in geometric patterns, enabling control of light with light. The breakthrough enables the creation of optical devices that can transform incoming light signals into output of a different color.
Researchers have developed a solar-powered nano filter that can remove harmful antibiotics and carcinogens from groundwater at a significantly higher rate than traditional activated carbon filters. The new filter uses two bacterial proteins to absorb 64% of antibiotics, offering an eco-friendly solution to combat antibiotic resistance.
University of Cincinnati researchers have discovered biomarkers for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), a group of inflammatory conditions affecting the colon and small intestine. These biomarkers, identified through analysis of human serum specimens from the Department of Defense Serum Repository, may help improve diagnosis and treatmen...
Treatment with A1-PI slows the progression of emphysema in patients with Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency by preserving lung density. The study showed significant clinical and statistical benefits, confirming the efficacy of augmentation therapy.
A new study found that delayed transfer to the intensive care unit (ICU) significantly increases the risk of dying in hospitalized patients. Using a vital sign-based early warning score, researchers examined outcomes after delayed transfer and found that each one-hour increase in transfer delay was associated with a 7% increase in the ...
Children exposed to secondhand smoke in early childhood are more likely to grow up physically aggressive and antisocial. The study, controlled for factors like parental antisocial behavior, found a statistical correlation between secondhand smoke exposure and deviant behavior.
Researchers found a genetic risk factor for pulmonary fibrosis in people with the MUC5B gene variant, associated with increased lung inflammation and scarring. The study suggests that pulmonary fibrosis may be part of a larger syndrome, potentially leading to early detection and treatment.
A study by Jennifer M. Yeh and colleagues found that H. pylori and smoking trends accounted for almost half of the observed decline in intestinal-type noncardia gastric adenocarcinoma incidence in US men between 1978 and 2008, with projections suggesting further declines until 2040.
A new study by Duke University finds that male song sparrows with larger playlists learn to solve food-finding puzzles more slowly than those singing fewer songs. This unexpected result suggests a trade-off between song learning and spatial memory in birds' brains, with potential implications for human brain development.
A study by Margarita Teran-Garcia found that Mexican young adults are at a higher risk of obesity due to the FTO gene, leading to increased BMI and waist circumference. Adopting healthy habits such as a balanced diet and regular exercise can help mitigate this risk.
Cardiologist Dr Malhotra argues that the UK's daily limit of 10% added sugar is too high and leads to diet-related disease. Experts call for food industry regulation and labeling changes to help consumers make informed choices.
A global consensus statement establishes standardized definitions and measurements for drug-resistant tuberculosis in children. Research findings highlight the importance of colonization pressure as a predictor of healthcare-associated MRSA infections.
A new study reveals that Allosaurus was a more dexterous hunter than previously thought, using its unique neck structure to strip flesh from prey. Unlike T. rex, which used brute force power, Allosaurus employed a falcon-like technique that relied on agility and control.
Researchers discover phosphatidylserine improves gene function in degenerative brain disorders, including Parkinson's disease and Familial Dysautonomia, slowing nerve cell death. The supplement is able to penetrate the blood-brain barrier, accumulating in sufficient amounts in the brain.
Researchers have identified a five-amino acid fragment of prosaposin that significantly reduces metastatic spread in mouse models of prostate, breast and lung cancer. The findings suggest a potential new approach to blocking metastasis in various cancers.
A new study by GW Professor Tianshu Li provides direct computational evidence that nucleation of ice in small droplets is strongly size-dependent. The team's findings demonstrate that water at the nanoscale can no longer be considered bulk water, with implications for climate research and atmospheric science.
A study of nearly 9,000 patients found that African-Americans are less likely than whites to have had a prior diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), regardless of their current disease severity. In contrast, women are more likely than men to have been diagnosed with COPD, even in the absence of airflow obstruction.
Researchers create nanoparticles using natural lipids derived from grapefruit, which can transport therapeutic agents to specific cells without causing adverse effects. The technology has been validated in a Phase 1 clinical trial for colon cancer patients and may be applied to treat inflammation-related autoimmune diseases.
Washington University in St. Louis researcher Tae Seok Moon has been awarded a Gates Fellowship to develop probiotic bacteria that target and kill parasite eggs in the human body. The goal is to create a long-term strategy to prevent disease transmission, addressing a major global health challenge.
A new article synthesizes recent findings on climate-fire interactions, highlighting the significant regional climate effects of smoke particles and their impact on global temperatures and precipitation. The study also explores the role of black carbon in accelerating snow melting and its influence on terrestrial ecosystem services.
Researchers found that prostaglandin analogues (PGAs) can cause upper and lower eyelid drooping, hollowing of the inferior periorbital fat pads, and levator muscle dysfunction in glaucoma patients. The study suggests reevaluating PGA use for new patients to prevent vision loss.
A study found that patients with COPD experience chronic pain comparable to those with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis, with higher use of opioids. The researchers also noted a significant impact on quality of life and healthcare costs.
Researchers developed a novel tool, nanofountain probe electroporation (NFP-E), to deliver molecules into targeted cells through temporary nanopores. The technique provides unprecedented control over cell transfection and has shown high efficiency and viability in HeLa cell experiments.
Researchers found that escitalopram reduced mental stress-induced myocardial ischemia by 2.62 times, improving cardiovascular function and reducing platelet serotonin receptor transporters. The study suggests that SSRIs or similar treatments could play a role in managing coronary heart disease.
A new study links rapid climate change in South Africa to surges in cultural innovation among early modern humans, with evidence of symbols and personal adornments. The research suggests that population growth fueled cultural changes through increased human interactions.
A novel transcriptome-based classification of colon cancer has been developed, improving disease stratification based on clinicopathological variables and common DNA markers. The analysis identified six molecular subtypes associated with distinct clinical and pathological characteristics.
A randomized clinical trial found that early tracheostomy within the first 4 days after admission was not associated with improved survival among critically ill patients. In contrast, delaying tracheostomy until at least day 10 resulted in lower mortality and reduced procedure-related complications.
The study aims to investigate how men's and women's hearts use fat for energy differently, with potential consequences for heart disease diagnosis and treatment. Changes in fat metabolism may affect insulin production and lead to diabetes, as well as cause stiffness in heart cells.
A study published in JAMA found that a specific genetic variation is associated with improved survival in some cases of pulmonary fibrosis. The researchers identified the MUC5B promoter polymorphism as a key factor, which may lead to the development of new treatments for this deadly lung disease.
A study of veterans at high risk for developing lung cancer shows that low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) can effectively spot tiny lung nodules indicating the earliest stages of disease. LDCT uses less than a quarter of the radiation of a conventional CT scan, resulting in a higher detection rate compared to chest x-rays.
A study published in JAMA Network found that genetic variation in the MUC5B gene is associated with improved survival rates among patients with pulmonary fibrosis. The research suggests that this genetic variant can be used to predict mortality in these patients, providing new insights into the underlying mechanisms of the disease.
A large population-based study confirms a small increased cancer risk following CT scans in childhood and adolescence. The researchers found a significant increase in cancer incidence among exposed individuals, with the highest risk seen in children under five years old.
A large observational study questions whether bivalirudin is superior to heparin in the absence of GPIIb/IIIa blockade, showing similar 30-day mortality rates. The study found no evidence that treatment with bivalirudin improves outcome compared to heparin alone.
A Rice University study found that regulatory patterns in E. coli cells can arise from mutation, genetic drift, and neutral evolution, challenging the idea that environmental factors drive such patterns. The researchers generated computer models of random regulatory networks, which evolved through millions of generations without progra...
A new study found that a spike in acetylcholine in the right prefrontal cortex activates response to signals, suggesting a potential brain mechanism for switching between behaviors. The findings have implications for treating disorders such as obsessive-compulsive disorder and autism.
A new set of guidelines aims to cut medication errors with anticoagulants, which account for nearly 7% of hospital errors. The guidelines recommend a multidisciplinary team approach, patient education, and standardized dosing protocols to reduce errors by up to 78%.
The Ghana National Drugs Programme followed international recommendations on pediatric medicines, but faced challenges due to limited data on African settings. The programme ultimately included four out of five medicines in the national essential medicines list.
A new study by King's College London found that children who suffered maltreatment are 36% more likely to be obese in adulthood. The authors estimated that preventing or effectively treating child maltreatment could avoid up to 1 case of adult obesity.
Scientists have discovered a new species of ant from the Philippines with a distinctive dark stripe across its eyes, which resembles a pirate eye patch. The function of this bizarre pigmentation pattern remains unclear, but researchers speculate it may serve as a tool to distract and confuse predators.
A study by University of Granada researchers found that elite athletes believe doping substances are effective in improving performance, yet recognize the risks. Coaches play a significant role in shaping their attitudes towards doping.
A clinical study demonstrates the durability of NeuroStar TMS Therapy in patients with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) who have failed to respond to prior antidepressant medication. After acute treatment, patients maintained significant improvement and remission through 12 months, suggesting a long-term benefit of the therapy.
Duke University engineers have created a novel method for producing clean hydrogen, reducing carbon monoxide levels to nearly zero. This approach uses a new catalytic process with nanoparticle combinations of gold and iron oxide, making it a more practical option.
A new study identifies larger arachnoid cysts and recent head trauma as key risk factors for rupture or bleeding in children. The study found that the risk of rupture was significantly higher for children with larger cysts, with an estimated 16 times greater risk for cysts measuring five centimeters or larger.
Arizona State University computer scientist Carole-Jean Wu has been awarded the Bisgrove Scholar Award to fund her research on reducing energy consumption in computing systems. Her goal is to locate and convert heat into electrical energy to power devices, enabling more efficient energy management solutions.
A team of MSU researchers aims to boost astronaut motivation to exercise during long-duration space missions. They will test software featuring computer-generated workout partners to improve adherence and overall health outcomes.
A study of over 1.2 million patients found racial disparities in the initial treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, with African-Americans less likely to undergo surgery and Hispanics more likely to receive treatment. The disparities may contribute to recognized racial differences in cancer patient outcomes.
A new computational model analyzes the potential usefulness of drug-coated balloons, which may pose fewer risks than current treatments. The model explains how factors like balloon size and drug coating influence drug release and distribution.
Climate change alters species interactions, potentially destabilizing entire ecosystems. The study reveals how temperature changes affect metabolic rates and consumer-resource interactions, leading to increased encounter rates between predators and prey.
Scientists have discovered a protein that binds to two 'orphan receptors' found in the brain, GPR37 and GPR37L1. This binding has been linked to neuroprotection and glioprotection, suggesting potential therapeutic applications for neurological diseases such as Parkinson's and stroke.
A modified poliovirus is infecting and killing glioblastoma brain tumor cells with encouraging results in an ongoing phase 1 study, researchers report. The virus-based therapy, known as PVSRIPO, triggers the immune system to attack infected tumor cells.
Researchers at Albert Einstein College of Medicine discovered that vitamin C can kill drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) bacteria in laboratory culture, suggesting a new approach to shorten TB therapy. The study found that vitamin C induced a Fenton reaction, causing reactive oxygen species that kill the TB bacteria.
A new study published in the New England Journal of Medicine found that tonsil/adenoid surgery improved behavior, quality of life, and other symptoms in children with obstructive sleep apnea. However, there was no significant difference seen in attention and executive function between the treatment groups.
Fine-particle air pollution and nighttime traffic noise pollution independently associated with subclinical atherosclerosis. Researchers found strong associations among younger participants, those with coronary artery disease, and statin users.
A new device, Lung Volume Reduction Coil (LVRC), has shown significant improvements in lung function, ability to exercise, and quality of life for patients with severe emphysema. The device, implanted through a minimally invasive procedure, gathered and compressed diseased lung tissue, allowing healthy tissue to function more efficiently.
Studies of newly diagnosed prostate cancer patients reveal that older, sicker men are unlikely to benefit from aggressive therapy. Researchers found that those aged 61-74 and over 75 with multiple health issues face high risks of mortality from non-prostate causes, suggesting a shift towards more conservative treatment approaches.
A new study has identified risk factors for depression among COPD patients, including female patients and those experiencing significant shortness of breath. The study found that physical activity was a protective factor against depression, with patients who had higher levels of physical activity less prone to developing depression.
Two special issues of Geosphere cover the India-Asia collision in the Himalaya and the origin of the Colorado River System II. The articles also explore other geological features such as the Jemez Mountains volcanic field and the Alabama and western Georgia Blue Ridge.
Researchers at UTMB are using gene therapy to target the serotonin 2C receptor in the amygdala to prevent abnormal pain generation and treatment resistance. They aim to develop a permanent solution to neuropathic pain, which affects millions of Americans.
Researchers from Monash University found that macrophages play a crucial role in salamander regeneration. Without them, salamanders lose their ability to regenerate and form scar tissue instead. The study brings scientists closer to understanding the conditions needed for human regeneration.