A new study by University of Arizona researchers found that plant size and age control most of the variation in plant productivity, not temperature and precipitation as traditionally thought. Climate still plays an important role, but its influence on ecosystem functioning has been revised.
A new study led by Old Dominion University and the University of Colorado Boulder found sea levels are rising in the tropical Pacific off the coasts of the Philippines and northeastern Australia. The research team estimated that areas near these regions are being raised by about 1 centimeter per year due to anthropogenic warming.
Scientists have discovered that the HIV viral reservoir is established remarkably early after infection, posing new challenges for its eradication. The study found that the reservoir was seeded in tissues within days of infection, before detectable virus was present in the blood.
A study found that receiving antiretroviral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) during pregnancy did not result in significant differences in pregnancy incidence, birth outcomes, and infant growth compared to those who received placebo. The study's findings suggest uncertainty regarding the safety of PrEP therapy prior to pregnancy.
A study found that HIV-infected patients with excess abdominal fat experienced modest reductions in liver fat after receiving tesamorelin, a growth hormone-releasing hormone analog. The treatment also led to significant decreases in abdominal fat accumulation.
The guidelines, developed by an expert volunteer panel, integrate cutting-edge biomedical advances with evidence-based behavioral interventions for the care of people living with HIV or at high risk for infection. The recommendations include a call for antiretroviral therapy and pre-exposure prophylaxis to prevent HIV transmission.
A six-month treatment with tesamorelin lowered liver fat modestly but significantly in HIV patients. The drug's impact on glucose metabolism was temporary, and reduced liver inflammation may result from lower fat levels.
A study funded by the Wellcome Trust found that offering adults in Malawi optional home initiation of HIV care following self-testing increased ART uptake. The results show a significant increase in population-level ART initiations, highlighting the potential of home-based care to improve HIV prevention and treatment.
A cluster randomized trial in Malawi found that adults who received home HIV self-testing were more likely to report positive results and initiate antiretroviral therapy. The study's main finding is that population-level ART initiations increased significantly with the availability of home initiation of care.
The annual HIV diagnosis rate in the US decreased by 33.2% from 2002 to 2011, driven by declines in several key populations, including women and persons aged 35-44 years. Despite increases among young men who have sex with men, overall diagnoses attributed to injection drug use or heterosexual contact decreased.
A phase III clinical trial shows that a combination drug therapy cures chronic hepatitis C in the majority of patients co-infected with both HIV and hepatitis C. The new all-oral regimen sofosbuvir and ribavirin has cure rates of up to 92% for treatment-experienced patients, offering a transformative step in treating this population.
A study published in JAMA found that HIV-infected patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection who received a combination of sofosbuvir plus ribavirin achieved high rates of sustained HCV virologic response after therapy cessation. The treatment showed promise for coinfection, which affects up to 7 million worldwide.
Tropical Storm Wali formed in Central Pacific Ocean as NASA's Terra satellite passed overhead, with maximum sustained winds initially at 35 mph. The storm is expected to maintain tropical storm status until Saturday before weakening to a depression.
Researchers at MIT developed a robot that augments the grasping motion of the human hand, working in sync with the wearer's fingers to grasp objects of various shapes and sizes. The device aims to assist people with limited dexterity in performing routine household tasks.
Scientists applied a new method to Australia's Acacia genus, revealing biologically important but currently unprotected areas. The study confirmed the Wet Tropics rainforests' importance and identified places of 'super-endemism', where old and new species co-exist.
The development of the retinal vascular system follows specific rules and is spatially and temporally consistent with retinal neuron function. Astrocyte-vascular wall cell interactions lead to the maturation of the blood-retinal barrier, a crucial component in maintaining retinal health.
A recent study found that HPV testing alone provides similar reassurance against cervical cancer as cotesting and even more so than a negative Pap test. This suggests that primary HPV testing every 3 years could be an effective screening strategy.
Researchers at Washington University School of Medicine have identified a group of proteins that program common type of brain nerve cell to connect with another type of nerve cell. This finding is an important step forward in understanding the causes of intellectual disability and autism by learning how developing brain is built.
Researchers developed a novel scaffold for repairing spinal cord injuries, utilizing a double-layer collagen membrane with unequal pore sizes. This innovative approach enhanced the delivery of neural stem cells to the target site, promoting improved repair and recovery outcomes.
Researchers at Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciencia have developed new methodologies to quantify protein molecules in living human cells. They measured approximately 400 CENP-A proteins present on centromeres, essential structures that drive chromosome segregation during cell division.
Scientists discovered a dense underground block of volcanic rock caused the Appalachian mountain chain to shift eastward, forming a distinctive bend. The findings provide valuable insights into the Earth's underlying structures and could inform decisions on hydraulic fracturing in New York State.
Researchers identified a new cellular disposal mechanism that efficiently destroys toxic protein aggregates, such as those found in Huntington's disease. This discovery may help develop concepts for possible disease preventions and shed light on the mechanisms behind human neurodegenerative diseases.
A new study found that dietary elimination therapy is an effective treatment for adults with eosinophilic esophagitis, with 71 percent of patients experiencing symptom improvement. The most common triggers were dairy and eggs, and adding them back to the diet after a six-week period showed promising results.
A new study by University of Exeter researchers found that microplastics are retained in the bodies of marine creatures like crabs six times longer than previously thought. This increased retention time raises concerns about the impact on the food chain.
A collaborative research team published findings in Ecological Indicators on a new marine ecosystem support tool to improve decision-making by natural resource managers. The MARES project integrates ecosystem science and societal benefits into a management framework, providing exportable technology for other coastal ecosystems.
A team of researchers created a model that can predict the level of discomfort experienced by drivers under various LED lighting conditions. The study suggests minimizing light hitting at an observer's eyes and luminance contrast between streetlights and backgrounds to minimize glare.
Researchers found that a functional autophagy system prevents the accumulation of toxic islet amyloid polypeptide, which can lead to diabetes. In animal models, autophagy-deficient beta cells developed overt diabetes, highlighting the protective role of autophagy in pancreatic beta cell function.
Researchers have identified a distinct neurological profile associated with patients who respond favorably to sham surgery, but not those who are part of the placebo group. This new finding may help better identify efficacious treatments and limit the impact of placebo effects in clinical trials.
The Medical College of Georgia's psychology residency training program has received federal funding for five consecutive cycles, focusing on interdisciplinary training and care for the underserved. The program trains nine psychologists annually, with plans to expand to ten next year, and provides special emphasis areas in working with ...
Researchers advocate for a new discipline combining benefits of neuroscience and psychology treatments to address mental disorders. The 'mental health science' approach aims to uncover mechanisms of existing psychological treatments and leverage neuroscience insights to create improved therapies.
Debris avalanche landslides can drastically modify the shape and nature of surrounding landscapes, changing water drainage systems. Researchers studied the Pungarehu debris avalanche deposit at Taranaki volcano, New Zealand, to gain insights into transport and emplacement mechanisms.
NASA's Aqua satellite captured infrared data showing strong thunderstorms around Tropical Storm Matmo's center and southwestern quadrant. The storm's maximum sustained winds were near 40 knots on July 18, with forecasters predicting it will reach typhoon intensity by July 20.
Researchers developed a therapy combining motoneuron-like cell transplantation with GDNF delivery, reducing cavity formations and increasing cell density. This treatment exhibited superior promoting effects on motor function recovery compared to individual therapies.
Researchers from RAND Corporation and Institute for Mobility Research found that government policies, road systems, and population dispersion are key influencers on automobile travel in developing countries. The study concludes that income is not the only factor determining a nation's demand for cars.
A new study suggests that genetic variation in the COMT gene may modify the cardiovascular benefit of aspirin, with val/val women experiencing more cardiovascular events when assigned to aspirin. In contrast, met/met women showed reduced rates of cardiovascular disease when assigned to either aspirin or vitamin E.
Researchers have successfully used kisspeptin to stimulate ovulation in women undergoing IVF treatment, reducing the risk of OHSS. Twelve babies were born after their mothers received the hormone injection, with 12 becoming pregnant and nine having healthy embryos transferred.
A performance improvement initiative for physicians increased their use of evidence-based practices in screening for and treating depression. The three-step program showed substantial improvements in adherence to guideline-based practice among doctors who completed all three steps.
Researchers found a link between antipsychotic medication and reduced brain volume in schizophrenia patients, but no impact on cognitive function or symptoms over a nine-year follow-up. The study suggests that both older and newer antipsychotics may be associated with similar declines in brain volume.
Researchers at Queen's University have made a significant breakthrough that may benefit patients with bowel cancer. The team discovered how two genes cause bowel cancer cells to become resistant to treatments, leading to the development of a new approach to target these genes in aggressive forms of the disease.
Researchers at Yale University developed a diagnostic test to detect PD-L1 expression in early-stage breast cancers, with 60% showing high levels of PD-L1 and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. High levels predicted better survival rates for patients, suggesting an immune system's role in controlling these cancers.
Scientists identify astroglial cells as crucial players in Down syndrome's abnormal neuron development and find that an inexpensive antibiotic can correct many abnormalities. They also show that minocycline, a commonly used tetracycline antibiotic, promotes healthy interactions between astroglia and neurons.
Researchers found that flocking starlings aim to maintain an optimum density to gather data on surroundings, creating a dynamic pattern of light and dark. This pattern is crucial for individual birds within the flock to gather vital information.
Typhoon Rammasun brought heavy rainfall to the Philippines and central China, causing flooding. The storm made landfall on Hainan Island, China, with maximum sustained winds of 155 mph.
A new study published in the American Sociological Review finds that counties with high levels of residential segregation based on education levels are more likely to have Tea Party organizations. The research also shows that college graduates living in these segregated areas are more likely to support the Tea Party. These findings hig...
Researchers have developed a new breed of metamaterials that can twist light's polarization, orders of magnitude stronger than natural materials. The breakthrough could lead to the creation of compact opto-electronic devices, such as light-based computer chips.
The National Psoriasis Foundation has awarded 13 fellowships to early-career physicians to study psoriasis and its impact on patients. The fellowships aim to increase the number of scientists studying and treating psoriasis, with a focus on developing new treatments and improving patient outcomes.
LUX-Zeplin (LZ) will boost the size and effectiveness of the original LUX technology with a larger xenon detector, aiming to spot Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) as they move through liquid xenon.
Macrophages play a crucial role in regulating intestinal movements, and their interaction with the nervous system is adaptable to changes in the bacterial environment. The discovery may lead to new treatments for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).
Researchers found that combining a deacetyl chitin conduit with short-term electrical stimulation promotes better peripheral nerve repair. The treatment showed improved nerve conduction velocity, myelination, and axon diameter compared to non-stimulation group.
A new theoretical study by Marianna Safronova and colleagues identifies 10 highly charged ions, including samarium-14+ and neodymium-10+, suitable for atomic timekeeping and quantum information schemes. The researchers provide estimates of ion properties needed for experiments, enabling the development of more accurate clocks and qubits.
A clinical trial found that high-dose fluticasone induced remission in 65% of patients with eosinophilic esophagitis, while 25% remained resistant to steroid treatment. Gene expression analysis identified a cluster of genes associated with steroid responsiveness.
A new big data model developed by UC Berkeley biologist Brent Mishler and colleagues leverages digitized museum data to help pinpoint best areas for preservation and understand evolutionary history. The model considers variation among species, geographic rarity, and endemism to identify areas worthy of conservation.
Researchers at The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research have identified a brain network that measures placebo effects in Parkinson's disease patients. This breakthrough discovery has the potential to improve the accuracy of clinical trials by excluding subjects who are more likely to experience placebo effects.
A new study by University of Granada researchers shows that consuming probiotics for 30 days can significantly reduce liver fat accumulation in obese rats. This finding is a promising step forward in the fight against Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, which is closely linked to obesity and diabetes.
Researchers found that adding IL-10 to transplanted smooth muscle cells improved cell survival and cardiac function after myocardial infarction. The study suggests a new approach to prevent host rejection of allogenic cells in cardiac tissue repair.
A new study determines glycosylation and pH-dependent conformational changes of virus receptor SCARB2 as crucial for EV71 attachment and entry. Researchers found that SCARB2 opens a lipid-transfer tunnel to trigger viral uncoating at acidic conditions, releasing the viral genome into host cells.
Exercise and relaxation techniques have been found to alter how people perceive their environment, making it less threatening for those with mood and anxiety disorders. This breakthrough could explain why these treatments are successful in managing symptoms.
Tropical Depression 10W was born when NASA's Aqua satellite passed overhead, with powerful thunderstorms developing around its center. The depression is expected to strengthen due to favorable sea surface temperatures and improved upper-level conditions.
A study found that lower income populations have consistently had lower rates of living donation compared to higher income populations. The difference in living donation rates between lower and higher income populations has become larger over time, implying a need for more effective strategies to overcome financial barriers.
Researchers at the University of Illinois have developed a new technique to record near-field optical information in nanoantennas, enabling the creation of optofluidic channels without walls. This technology has potential applications for optical data storage and other photonic applications.