The new Review from the Countdown to 2015 collaboration summarizes results from the 2014 report, highlighting progress and challenges in women's and children's health. The study emphasizes the need for continued action to achieve the global targets of improving survival rates and reducing disparities in health outcomes.
Adding cetuximab or bevacizumab to combination chemotherapy improves survival for patients with KRAS wild-type untreated colorectal cancer, with both treatments offering approximately 30-month overall survival. Genetic testing is crucial to determine the benefit of these treatments.
The phase III RECOURSE trial found that TAS-102 improves overall and progression-free survival in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer refractory to standard therapies. The study showed a median overall survival of 7.1 months for TAS-102, compared to 5.3 months for placebo.
Scientists propose using eDNA sampling to monitor invasive species, save endangered ones and inform policy. The technique has the potential to overcome traditional sampling methods' limitations, including expense and focus on single species.
Researchers discovered a new form of neurotransmission involving acid-sensitive ion channels (ASICs) that influence addiction-related behavior. Targeting ASIC activity may lead to new therapies for treating drug addiction.
A comprehensive study by University of Chicago climatologist Raymond Pierrehumbert finds that reducing CO2 emissions is essential for mitigating climate change. The study shows that efforts to reduce other, shorter-lived greenhouse gases are insufficient and may even distract from the urgent need to address CO2 emissions.
A recent study examines how climate change alters species interactions in marine ecosystems, particularly predator-prey relationships. The research found that warming temperatures can lead to decreased energy reserves in prey species, highlighting the need for considering multiple species and their interactions when understanding ecolo...
Researchers found that triple-negative breast cancer tumors rely on an antiviral pathway driving inflammation, which can be treated with JAK inhibitors. Patients missing both p53 and ARF genes may benefit from these anti-inflammatory drugs.
Researchers found evidence of seasonal cycles on Saturn's moon Titan, with temperature and sunlight driving surface changes. The discovery supports the idea that liquid methane might flow and evaporate in response to changing exposure to sunlight.
Researchers at the University of Pittsburgh found that midlife sex hormone changes are associated with lower quality cholesterol carriers, which predict higher risk of heart disease. The study suggests that advanced testing methods may be needed to evaluate menopause-related dynamic changes in women.
A potential Alzheimer's drug has been identified that prevents abnormal blood clots in the brain, which contribute to memory loss and cognitive decline. The compound, RU-505, targets amyloid-β's role in forming clots and shows promise in both test tube experiments and mouse models.
Researchers at Oregon State University have successfully developed a new compound with improved antibacterial activity against multi-drug resistant strains of tuberculosis. The findings offer an important new avenue for treatment of the disease, which is responsible for over 1 million deaths annually.
Researchers developed a new big data analysis technique to predict kidney transplant patient outcomes, providing doctors with valuable time to intervene. The technique uses complex algorithms to analyze hundreds of thousands of variables from blood samples, allowing for more accurate prognosis and improved patient recovery periods.
Researchers have gained unprecedented insight into the NMDA receptor, a key player in learning and memory. The new 3D model provides vital clues for developing drugs to combat neurological diseases such as Alzheimer
A study of homeless, alcohol-dependent patients reveals that they often begin drinking as children, with most reporting abuse or neglect in their childhood homes. The majority of patients were unemployed and had entered detoxification programs multiple times before the study.
Climate scientists report that deep ocean currents stalled or slowed at around 950,000 years ago, leading to longer and more intense ice ages. The slowdown increased carbon dioxide storage in oceans, keeping temperatures cold and triggering a new phase of colder ice ages.
Researchers at the University of Granada found that colon cancer patients suffer from reduced physical function, fatigue, and loss of muscle strength due to treatment. This can lead to a significant decline in quality of life, affecting up to 40% compared to healthy individuals.
Two studies found that conservatives and liberals equally value obedience, but only to authorities sharing similar views. Conservatives desire shared reality, perceiving consensus among like-minded others, which fuels their political engagement.
A new species of moth has been identified and named after the Cherokee Nation, in honor of Chief Attakullakulla's legacy. The species, Cherokeea attakullakulla, is a small, inconspicuous moth found in the southern Appalachian Mountains.
A recent survey conducted at Washington State University found that half of Native American veterans say standard PTSD treatments don't work. Instead, many turn to traditional healing therapies like the Sweat Lodge ceremony, which helps dispel chronic 'ghost sickness' and provides a sense of community and spirituality.
Physicists at University of Rochester use compressive sensing to measure both momentum and position of a quantum system without violating the Uncertainty Principle. The technique allows for efficient measurement of conjugate variables, enabling new insights into quantum behavior.
Researchers will study nitrogen oxides and develop novel catalysts for low-temperature reduction of NOx emissions. They will also evaluate anti-bacterial effects of new formulations against Lyme disease.
Daphne Maurer has spent decades studying human sensory development and brain plasticity. Her research on infants born with cataracts reveals that temporary blindness can lead to permanent visual deficits. Maurer also explores the potential of video games to improve eyesight in adults.
Researchers discovered microorganisms that trigger diarrheal disease and others that may prevent its onset. The study found associations with several organisms, including Streptococcus and Granulicatella, which correlated with severe diarrhea in young children in developing countries.
Researchers from the University of Granada found that evening-types are worse drivers early in the morning, while morning-types performed relatively well. The study suggests adapting work schedules to suit chronotypes for high-risk professions like pilots, surgeons, or lorry drivers.
Researchers found that monkeys consistently show the hot-hand bias, even when faced with random rewards, suggesting an evolutionary adaptation for foraging in the wild. The study's findings could inform treatment for gambling addiction and provide insights for investors.
As global poverty rates decrease, new challenges emerge in addressing rising healthcare costs and demands. Hans Rosling argues that verifiable data and statistics are essential for strategic decisions, and innovative solutions like generic drug production can make treatment more affordable for all.
A recent study published in PLOS ONE reveals that herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2) co-infection significantly contributes to the spread of HIV among non-injecting drug users in New York City. The research found a notable increase in HIV infection rates among this demographic, with over half of participants infected with HSV-2.
Researchers found that early life stress can alter brain structures involved in learning, memory, and emotion processing. Children who experienced physical abuse or neglect had smaller amygdalas and hippocampal volumes, linked to behavioral problems and cumulative life stress.
A study of adoptees found that genetics play a significant role in the development of these three types of cancer. The risk was 80% higher when an adoptee had at least one biological parent with the same cancer.
Researchers are conducting a groundbreaking experiment in Puerto Rico's El Yunque National Forest to study the impact of global warming on tropical forests. The goal is to determine how sensitive these ecosystems are to temperature changes and what physiological changes they may undergo.
Researchers at the Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO) have discovered over 40 genes that predict melanoma aggressiveness and distinguish it from other cancers with poor prognoses. These genes are involved in the formation of endosomes, which play a crucial role in tumor cell behavior.
Researchers have developed a method to produce silver nanostructures using high-pressure diamond plates, outperforming traditional chemical methods. This approach enables the creation of flexible electronics, transparent electrodes, and new classes of chemically and mechanically stable nanostructures.
Researchers from Imperial College London and GNS Science have discovered that tsunami earthquakes may be caused by extinct undersea volcanoes causing a 'sticking point' between tectonic plates. This release of energy led to the formation of large tsunamis, as seen in rare events off New Zealand's north island in 1947.
Scientists have discovered that Lassa virus uses a two-step process to enter cells, involving the transport of the virus to a lysosome and the binding to an interior cell receptor called LAMP1. This finding could lead to new approaches for preventing the disease.
Researchers found that social media users are less likely to endorse products on platforms like Facebook due to fear of negative comments. However, sharing opinions with close friends and family can boost self-esteem, making them more willing to do so.
Researchers used large-scale patient data analytics to predict future risk of metabolic syndrome, identifying individual variable impact on risk associated with adherence to prescribed medications and routine doctor visits. The study also found that improving waist circumference and blood glucose yielded the largest benefits.
The Meixner Postdoctoral Fellowship program invests in rising talent within the autism research community, focusing on neuroinflammation, genetic interactions, neural biomarkers, and novel intervention programs. The new postdoctoral fellows will advance Autism Speaks' mission to develop effective treatments for ASD.
Research highlights significant barriers to driving evaluations for older adults, including high insurance costs and low awareness among healthcare providers. The study suggests improved referral systems and third-party reimbursement could increase participation.
The Bestcilia project is launching an international patient registry for primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD), a rare respiratory disease. The registry aims to collect prospective data on clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment outcomes, ultimately improving therapeutic guidelines and quality of life for PCD sufferers.
A private South African health plan increased patient use of preventive care services like mammograms and influenza vaccines through a novel retail incentive program. The program offered discounts on retail goods and travel for participants who used preventive services, resulting in a 5% increase in uptake.
A new project funded by Women's College Hospital Research Institute aims to assess the risk of sexual assault for women attending mass gatherings like concerts or sporting events. The project is part of 26 innovative research initiatives awarded $15,000 or more through the $15K Challenge.
Researchers found a previously unknown mechanism linking the closing of the Panama Seaway to increased sea ice formation, intensified monsoons, and global cooling. This led to massive glacier growth across the Northern Hemisphere.
Researchers analyzed tweets from a popular marijuana account and found that 82% of recipients were under 19 years old, with 54% aged 17-19. The study highlights the need for discussion about pro-drug messages on social media platforms and their potential impact on vulnerable youth.
Research finds that children who know more about unhealthy food brands are more likely to be overweight or obese. Exercise may not be enough to offset the negative effects of exposure to these logos, suggesting a need for limiting advertising exposure.
Researchers investigated aesthetic nasal tip projection and rotation in white women, revealing significant individual variability. The study's findings have implications for cosmetic surgery and rhinoplasty procedures.
A study published in the Journal of the American Society of Nephrology found that risk factors for chronic kidney disease are present and identifiable 30 years before diagnosis. The researchers identified significant associations between obesity, high blood pressure, and diabetes with future CKD development.
Researchers have created an all-optical high-temperature sensor for gas flow measurements that operates at record-setting temperatures above 800 degrees Celsius. The technology integrates optical heating elements, sensors, and energy delivery cables within a single fiber, enabling simultaneous flow/temperature sensors.
A global study suggests that capturing CO2 emissions is essential to meet ambitious climate targets. Bioenergy and Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) technologies can help reduce non-electric energy-related emissions, but their risks need to be investigated further.
A Swiss research team created an innovative joystick for animation artists, consisting of modular building blocks that can be assembled into any virtual character shape. The device features integrated sensors that track joint movements, enabling smooth character articulation.
A new study suggests the US should broaden its definition of skilled workers to include informal skills acquired by migrant workers. The research found that many migrants acquire skills through job interactions and observation rather than formal education, which are often hidden and valuable to US labor markets.
The ASPIRE trial is testing a vaginal ring containing the antiretroviral drug dapivirine for HIV prevention in women. The study has completed enrollment with 2,629 participants and is expected to conclude by late 2015 or early 2016.
Research by the University of Southampton found that public sector workers are more likely to volunteer due to higher education levels, but once compared like-for-like, there is no significant difference. However, public sector workers in education are more likely to volunteer than those in private sector jobs.
Scientists from Norway, France, and Poland develop a method to produce Janus capsules, which can transport drugs and lead to innovative materials. The capsules are created by merging two drops coated with different particles in an electric field, resulting in a hollow structure with two shells of varying properties.
Scientists have identified a genetic change that impairs protein transport in cells, potentially leading to nerve cell loss and Parkinson's disease. A VPS35 gene mutation is linked to the disease, affecting cargo proteins and their correct destinations.
A new study published by Drexel University found significant differences in self-reported driving behaviors and perceptions of driving ability among autistic adults compared to non-autistic adults. Adults with autism reported driving less frequently, restricting their behaviors, and experiencing more traffic violations.
Researchers at UC Riverside have developed liquid crystals that can be controlled by an external magnetic field, enabling novel display applications and anti-counterfeit technology. The discovery paves the way for remote operation without electrodes or expensive materials.
Autism Speaks has awarded over $1 million in research grants to explore environmental risk factors, whole genome sequencing, and effective early diagnosis programs for underserved communities. The funding will support projects led by researchers at the University of Toronto's Hospital for Sick Children and other institutions.
Scientists develop a new statistical mechanics model to explain protein folding and unfolding in an aqueous environment. The study confirms the validity of their calculations using experimental measurements for two proteins, providing insights into high-energy ions therapy on biological cells.
A new study shows that specific immune system signals repel a common parasite but also cause a dormant herpes virus to become active again in mice. The findings highlight complex interactions between infectious agents and the immune system, which can lead to unexpected consequences.