A new study found that postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy (HRT) may increase the risk of acute pancreatitis. The risk was higher among women who used systemic therapy and those who had used HRT for more than 10 years.
Scientists have created a boron-based material called borophene, which could be stronger and more conductive than graphene. The material is formed from a triangular lattice structure with hexagonal vacancies, similar to the theoretical predictions made earlier.
Deep-sea fault zones in subduction zones can transport large amounts of water from the Earth's oceans to the upper mantle. Researchers estimate that these zones could carry up to three and a half times the total amount of ocean water to the mantle.
A University of Montreal study analyzed 10,000 dream narratives to compare nightmares and bad dreams, finding that nightmares have greater emotional impact than bad dreams and often feature themes such as fear, sadness, guilt, or disgust. The researchers also found that women's nightmares more frequently involve interpersonal conflicts.
Clemson professor Roger Stolen was selected to present at a special session titled "Pioneers of Fiber Optics" at SPIE Photonics WEST 2014. He is being honored for his pioneering work in nonlinear fiber optics, which has played an important role in modern high-capacity optical communication systems.
A study by Loyola Medicine neuropsychologist Christopher Randolph challenges the widely-held theory that retired NFL players suffer from chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). Despite high rates of Alzheimer's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, the study found little conclusive evidence to support CTE as a distinct disease.
A Yale University study found that 50% of women of reproductive age have never discussed their reproductive health with a provider, while 30% visit providers less than once a year or not at all. The study also revealed knowledge gaps on fertility concerns and optimal conception methods.
Research by Meiyun Lin and colleagues found that Asian ozone pollution reaching Hawaii is relatively low in spring but rises significantly in autumn due to changes in atmospheric circulation. This shift has significant implications for understanding surface ozone levels globally.
Articles in GSA Bulletin explore the impact of geological processes on rivers and coastlines. Researchers examined river morphology in Oregon, coastal responses to sea-level changes in Brazil, and aditification differentiation in NE Iran, providing insights into the effects of tectonics and environmental changes.
Researchers discovered an additional active process producing nanodiamonds in sediments less than 3,000 years old, suggesting a possible extraterrestrial event. The study found no correlation between nanodiamond concentration and alternative processes, supporting the ET impact hypothesis.
Handwashing and zinc are likely effective in preventing colds, with some evidence suggesting they also work for adults. Antihistamines combined with decongestants and pain medications can provide relief from symptoms, while ibuprofen and acetaminophen help with pain and fever.
The mathematician's work has led to a better understanding of how fiber optics can be made more stable and robust. His research involves marrying mathematics and physics to study the behavior of solitary waves in various structures, including optical waveguide arrays and granular crystals.
Four common pesticides commonly used on crops to kill insects and fungi also kill honeybee larvae within their hives. The team found that mixtures of pesticides can have greater consequences for larval toxicity than individual pesticides, with chlorothalonil being the most toxic.
Researchers have developed modified forms of spectinomycin that can act against TB bacteria, showing activity against multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant strains in mice. The new compounds, called spectinamides, are targeted to TB bacteria without harming mammalian cells.
A Boston University study found that children from two cultures exhibited surprisingly similar ideas about the time before conception, suggesting a hard-wired bias toward immortality. The research indicates that children's emotions and desires are central to their concept of an eternal essence.
A recent study found that 59% of college students at one Oregon university experienced food insecurity, with severe implications for their academic performance, physical and emotional health. The researchers attributed this issue to rising college costs, low-income and first-generation students, and changing demographic trends.
Studies suggest that maintaining a normal level of the protein SirT1 may be effective in preventing obesity- and age-related diseases. Researchers have demonstrated that changing three amino acids on SirT1 can produce a 'super-sirt' that functions normally despite metabolic stress.
Researchers at USC identify a gene that delays aging effects depending on dietary intake, suggesting a genetic basis for individual nutritional needs. This breakthrough may lead to tailored diets based on an individual's genetic makeup, potentially enhancing overall health and longevity.
Researchers at the University of Bonn have developed an app that measures cellphone use, revealing shocking statistics. The app, dubbed Menthal, analyzes user behavior over six weeks, showing average users activate their smartphones every 12 minutes, and problematic use can lead to addiction-like symptoms.
A new 3D imaging technique has been developed to visualize the behavior of cosmetic fillers in facial tissue. The technique allows researchers to pinpoint the cause of complications and develop treatments to reverse the damage, preventing irreversible scarring.
Rice University scientists create method to quantify how mutations affect protein pairs' ability to transmit signals. The new metric helps understand crosstalk and specificity in two-component systems, essential for bioengineering applications.
Researchers have successfully switched on and off robust ferromagnetism close to room temperature using moderate electric fields. The new magnetic switch has the potential to revolutionize spintronics and data storage technologies with its ability to control magnetization at low power.
A £7.4 million Nudge-it initiative will investigate the physical and psychological factors controlling eating behavior to promote healthier food choices.
The Choosing Wisely campaign has sparked discussion on low-value services, but more work is needed to include common and costly services. The campaign's lists have been criticized for only including low-impact services for physicians and patients to question.
Researchers at University at Buffalo have designed a new material called UBMOF-1, which can change the shape of its pores in response to ultraviolet light. This property makes it useful for applications like drug delivery and secure storage, where control over chemical compounds is crucial.
A new study finds that gossiping about group members' behavior can help maintain social order and deter selfishness. In the experiment, participants who knew others' behavior were more likely to cooperate, as they could exclude those deemed untrustworthy. The researchers suggest that this mechanism is fundamental to human nature.
A study found a positive correlation between healthy white matter quality and addition and multiplication proficiency in 12-year-olds. The researchers also suggest that this link may explain why some children with dyslexia or dyscalculia struggle with arithmetic problems.
Dr. Jeffrey Chuang has been awarded a two-year grant to investigate how RNA interacts with proteins to change gene expression in human diseases such as cancer and muscular dystrophy. His research aims to decipher the root causes of these diseases using new mathematical and computational approaches.
The Polytraits database provides a rich collection of morphological, reproductive, and behavioral characteristics of polychaetes, facilitating ecological research and conservation studies. The database's data are also integrated into the Scratchpads virtual research environment and accessible through Encyclopedia of Life's TraitBank.
The study found that FRAX was widely used in North America and Europe, but its uptake varied greatly across countries. Countries with high FRAX use per capita included the USA, UK, Canada, and Switzerland, while many African and South East Asian countries had low or no usage.
Researchers have mapped the exploration area and analyzed geological characteristics, producing a 1°×1° geologic map near the landing site. They identified two basaltic units with distinct formation mechanisms, shedding light on the lunar surface's composition.
A new study reveals the shadowy world of Britain's discount hitmen, with victims often murdered while walking their dogs or shopping in suburban neighborhoods. The study identifies four main types of contract killers, including novice, dilettante, journeyman, and master hitmen.
A team of surgeons, led by Dr. T. Sloane Guy, has successfully performed a robotic operation to reconstruct the tricuspid valve in patients with infective endocarditis. The procedure uses a bioscaffold material that allows new tissue to grow, offering a potential cure for this potentially fatal bacterial disease.
A new study published in Cancer Research found that fragmented sleep accelerates cancer growth by altering the immune system's response to tumors. Well-rested mice had primarily M1-type tumor-associated macrophages, while sleep-fragmented mice had primarily M2-type macrophages that promoted tumor growth.
A mutated protein can lead to holes in a cell's membrane, disrupting salt balance and causing high blood pressure. Researchers have discovered the mechanism behind this phenomenon, which may lead to new and better medication for high blood pressure.
Researchers at the University of Toronto have developed a method to assemble gold nanoparticles using DNA as a vehicle to deliver cancer medications or markers directly into cancerous tumors. The particles can be precisely engineered to target specific tumor types and stages.
Researchers at Tel Aviv University discover a simple blood test can predict diabetes risk up to five years before symptoms appear. The test uses A1c levels to identify high-risk patients, who may benefit from earlier diagnosis and treatment.
Briand's work on model-based software verification and testing has been recognized for its outstanding contribution to reliability engineering. The award honors his efforts to deliver predictable dependable software-intensive systems within cost and time constraints.
A quality improvement initiative in a primary care setting improved asthma control and outcomes for high-risk teenagers through standardized care, self-monitoring, and care coordination. The study showed significant improvements in patients' chronic asthma not well-controlled, with increased adherence to treatment.
Researchers found that SGLT2 inhibitors improved muscle insulin sensitivity and lowered fasting plasma glucose levels in type 2 diabetes patients. However, the use of these inhibitors also resulted in an increase in endogenous glucose production and decreased insulin secretion.
Researchers have discovered a new combination therapy that leverages existing experimental therapies to speed the fight against cancer. The approach, which combines SMAC Mimetics with live virus therapies, shows a synergistic tumour-killing effect, overcoming limitations of individual agents.
A Mayo Clinic study found that using a standardized medical management protocol and surgery can improve life expectancy for stroke patients. The treatment, which involves decompressing brain swelling, reduces pressure in the head and risk of death by about 50 percent.
The Genomics for Judges seminar, offered by the University of Illinois, aims to educate judges on how genetic information affects court decisions. The two-day course covers DNA sequencing, gene function, and genome analysis, preparing judges to deal with legal questions involving genomics in the courts today and in the future.
Researchers from Stanford University and Aarhus University develop a cheap alternative to platinum-based electrolysis for producing hydrogen, a crucial component in fertilizer production. The new method achieves efficiency comparable to platinum-based systems while reducing costs.
Researchers at Cardiff University have identified a compound that potently inhibits Bcl3 and completely halts the spread of metastatic tumors in mice. The development aims to create a therapeutic agent capable of blocking metastatic disease in breast cancer and various tumor types.
Researchers have found that neurons in the basal ganglia can signal the concatenation of individual elements into a behavioural sequence. The study's findings suggest that the brain uses a mechanism called chunking to organize memories and actions.
Researchers at Harvard's Wyss Institute have developed a new humidity-driven generator using bacterial spores, which can generate 1000 times more force than human muscle. The prototype captures just a small percentage of the energy released by evaporation, but could provide a new source of renewable energy if scaled up.
Researchers have recovered the genome of a 7,000-year-old individual from La Braña-Arintero site in Spain, revealing surprising genetic traits. The ancient European hunter-gatherer had African versions of genes that determine light skin and blue eyes, suggesting he had dark skin and a unique phenotype.
Researchers at Massachusetts General Hospital have found that shortening the guide RNA component of CRISPR-Cas nucleases can substantially reduce off-target DNA mutations. Truncated gRNAs, or tru-gRNAs, are just as efficient as full-length gRNAs in reaching their intended target but with greatly reduced off-target effects.
Researchers discovered that breast stem cells and their 'daughters' have a much longer lifespan than previously thought, actively maintaining breast tissue throughout life. This finding has implications for identifying the cells of origin of breast cancers and developing new treatment strategies.
Researchers at Cleveland Clinic have discovered a process by which high-density lipoprotein (HDL) loses its cardio-protective properties and promotes inflammation. The study identified the structure of dysfunctional apoA1/HDL and found that higher levels raise cardiovascular disease risk in patients.
Research reveals tropical ecosystems releasing 2 billion extra tonnes of carbon into atmosphere per year with each 1 degree rise in tropical temperature. The study suggests increased vulnerability of tropical ecosystems to climate change, contradicting current land carbon cycle models.
A new multilayer stent may revolutionize the treatment of aortic aneurysms in the US, offering improved outcomes and reduced need for surgical bypass grafts. The device has already shown promising results in European trials, with patients experiencing similar or better outcomes than those treated with traditional stents.
The study reveals that greenhouse gas effects on climate are uncertain due to complex interactions between aerosols, cloud cover, and sunlight. Researchers highlight the need for improved observational tools and models to reduce uncertainty in climate forcing and predict future impacts of aerosols on weather and climate.
The Tisch College of Citizenship and Public Service at Tufts University is developing Civic Seed, an interactive video game designed to better prepare college students to engage with the community. The game includes multiple levels that explore community collaboration, professional standards, sustainability, and leadership development.
A new study found that an early onset of dietary treatment may slow down the progression of Alzheimer's disease. The research, conducted on mice, suggests that even slight changes in diet composition can lead to significant changes in brain metabolism and improved memory performance.
Researchers found a significant inverse association between aspirin use and vestibular schwannoma growth in a retrospective series of 689 people. Aspirin intake may inhibit tumor growth, providing a potential therapeutic role for this anti-inflammatory medication.
Researchers found that children's earliest memories tend to fade at age 7, a phenomenon known as childhood amnesia. The study, published in the journal Memory, tracked children's recall of past events from ages 3-9 and found that five-year-olds remembered about 63% of events, while nine-year-olds recalled only about 35%.
A study published in Poultry Science reveals a significant reduction in environmental impact from US egg production, thanks to advancements in feed efficiency, hen housing and manure management. The industry has decreased greenhouse gas emissions, water usage and waste production, while increasing egg production and hen lifespan.
A recent study found that between 30-40% of parents learn to use technology from their children. Children from lower socioeconomic families have a significant influence on their parents' digital media use. This bottom-up influence process is more common among mothers and lower-income families.