Engineers from Stanford and UNL collaborated to produce the world's fastest thin-film organic transistors, outperforming previous examples by over five times. The breakthrough could lead to inexpensive, high-performance electronics built on transparent substrates.
The Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS) has made the most precise calibration yet of the universe's 'standard ruler', measuring its scale to an accuracy of one percent. This precision is crucial for determining the nature of dark energy and understanding the expansion history of the universe.
Researchers at Hebrew University find that chronic stress activates microglia cells, leading to depressive-like behavior and reduced neurogenesis. Blocking or stimulating microglia cells with specific drugs can reverse these effects, offering new avenues for antidepressant treatment.
A large Danish study found that anticoagulant medicine significantly reduces the risk of serious brain damage or death due to a stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation. The study, which followed over 11,000 patients, also showed that mortality within 30 days is lower for those receiving treatment.
Scientists have identified fourteen genes that may be implicated in Alzheimer's disease and one gene that shows inflammation plays a crucial role in the brain of Alzheimer's patients. The study provides new insight into the cause of the disease, offering potential targets for drug discovery.
A new study has found that levetiracetam does not appear to be associated with thinking, movement, and language problems in preschool children born to mothers who took the drug during pregnancy. In contrast, valproate was linked to some difficulties in preschoolers.
Researchers at McMaster University have mapped the entire genome of a nearly 200-year-old sample of preserved intestine, tracing the bacterium behind a global cholera pandemic. The findings reveal that the classical strain was likely responsible for five devastating outbreaks in the 1800s and may have been more virulent.
Nine-month-old infants can infer whether people are friends or not based on their reactions to shared evaluations, such as eating the same food. This suggests that infants track social relationships from an early age and make inferences about others' behavior.
Researchers at Tel Aviv University found that socioeconomic status is a strong predictor of higher risk of disease and death after a heart attack. Poor patients are more likely to become frail, have lower socioeconomic status, and experience poorer access to healthcare.
The European Society of Cardiology recommends reducing patient radiation exposure in cardiology procedures, which amount to over 50 chest X-rays per person each year. This can be achieved by implementing measures such as auditing and optimizing doses, educating patients, and encouraging industry competition.
A newly discovered celestial object, ROXs 42Bb, located nine times the mass of Jupiter and 30 times further away from its star than Jupiter, defies easy categorization as a planet or brown dwarf. This finding blurs the distinction between planets and brown dwarfs, prompting researchers to re-examine formation theories.
A new study found that bed bug infestations in Philadelphia increased by 4.5% per month from 2008 to 2011, with reports peaking in August and lowest in February. The researchers mapped hotspots and suggest treating during warmer months or winter when numbers are down.
Symbiotic fungi in plant roots store and release carbon, with certain types leading to 70% more carbon storage. This discovery challenges current understanding of soil carbon pools and their impact on climate predictions.
Researchers found that competition between corals and seaweeds leads to an increase in toxic compounds in seaweeds, making them more attractive to herbivorous fish. This response is a first demonstration of how seaweeds can adapt their chemical defenses in response to competition with corals.
Researchers have sequenced and analyzed the elephant shark genome, comparing it with human and other vertebrate genomes. The study found that sharks lack certain types of immune cells and exhibit robust immune defences despite this, and also revealed why cartilage prevails in their skeleton over bone.
Researchers at TUM discovered that carbon binds to small mineral particles with rough surfaces, leading to preferential spots for sequestration. The study used a mass spectrometer to visualize and compare soil structures, revealing areas with high carbon content.
A new study suggests that adult white sharks in the Northwest Atlantic Ocean may live for up to 70 years or longer. Researchers used radiocarbon dating to determine age estimates and found that growth rates slow down as sharks age, leading to underestimated ages.
The Lancet research series aims to increase value and reduce waste in biomedical research by setting clear priorities, improving research design and conduct, and enhancing regulation and management. The series proposes metrics for stakeholders to monitor the implementation of recommendations.
Scientists have developed a new technique to visualize the silencing of one X chromosome in females, revealing wide-ranging variation in patterns across tissues and individuals. The study's findings offer insights into genetic diversity and disease causes, particularly for X-linked variations like hemophilia and color blindness.
The study reveals approximately 400 years of intensive land use around Mahendraparvata, with significant changes in water management practices from the 12th century. Soil erosion and vegetation change indicate a marked environmental impact on the Phnom Kulen plateau.
A study of over 2,600 menu items found that full-service restaurants in Philadelphia exceed daily recommended values for calories, fat, and sodium. Nutrition education can help consumers make informed choices, but policy changes are necessary to promote healthier options.
A new study uses GPS traffic maps to identify high-risk areas for leatherback turtles caught in industrial longlines, guiding fisheries towards more sustainable management practices. The research highlights the need for international cooperation and technology-driven solutions to mitigate bycatch risks.
Scientists analyzed volcanic rock samples from Turkey's Hasan Dagi volcano and found ages that overlap with the estimated time of a Çatalhöyük Neolithic site mural. The mural is believed to depict an explosive eruption of the volcano, which closely matches the dated timeline.
A four-year study tracked the migratory patterns of 33 tiger sharks across the Coral Sea. Coastal marine parks offer limited protection to these apex predators, whereas oceanic reefs are crucial for their ecology and require prioritization in conservation efforts.
A £8 million project at the University of Leeds is developing new technologies to handle different types of spent fuels, packaging and storing waste, and dealing with nuclear sludges. The research consortium brings together academics, industry experts, and government advisors to tackle Britain's nuclear legacy.
A recent study found that older firefighters who are chronically exposed to heat stress on the job may be able to tolerate more challenging work environments before feeling affected by the heat. This increased heat resilience could enable them to perform tasks without stopping due to thermal strain, thereby reducing the risk of injurie...
A study by Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center found that patients' expectations, whether positive, negative, or neutral, significantly influence the effects of both medications and placebos on migraine pain. The researchers discovered that a positive message and powerful medication are essential for effective clinical care.
Researchers at NYU Langone Health discover how RNA polymerase patrols the genome for DNA damage and recruits partners to repair it, leading to fewer mutations and less disease. The study's findings have major implications for our understanding of DNA repair and its role in cancer and aging.
A research team led by Ken Shepard has won a $3 million grant from the US Energy Department's ARPA-E program to develop next-generation power conversion devices. The goal is to lower costs and improve energy efficiency in power electronics, enabling applications like data centers, electric vehicles, and photovoltaics.
The Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center at Weill Cornell Medical College will use precision medicine and cutting-edge approaches to spur breakthroughs in cancer treatment. The center's efforts will be supported by a $75 million gift, which also names the new flagship building.
Researchers from the University of Copenhagen have identified marine bacteria that can effectively inhibit the ability of staphylococci to form toxins and camouflage proteins. These compounds, known as antivirulence therapy, may offer a new solution for treating resistant bacterial infections.
Researchers have sequenced the elephant shark genome, providing new insights into bone formation and adaptive immunity. The study reveals a family of genes essential for bone development and identifies a lack of immune cells in sharks, despite robust immune responses.
Researchers at Queen Mary University of London uncovered a critical mechanism in tendon function, revealing why older individuals are more prone to tendon injuries. The study found that fascicle helices are essential for tendon elasticity and that ageing alters this structure, increasing the risk of injury.
The elephant shark genome reveals insights into bone formation and adaptive immunity in humans, with potential implications for treating bone diseases. The study also found that the elephant shark's immune system is surprisingly robust despite lacking certain cell types.
Researchers have identified a group of bacteria from the genus Burkholderia that can be used to fertilize crops without harming humans. These beneficial strains fix atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia, which helps plants thrive. The discovery has significant implications for sustainable agriculture in less productive areas.
Researchers used data from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey to discover measurable shifts in giant gas clouds around galaxies in a span of just five years. The findings suggest that these clouds are much smaller than previously thought, with implications for how galaxies form and evolve over time.
A new on-field blood test can accurately diagnose sports concussions, distinguishing them from physical exertion. S100B levels rise significantly after a concussion, making it a promising biomarker for head injuries.
A recent study found a strong correlation between literary misery and economic conditions over the past decade. The researchers analyzed millions of books published in English to develop a 'literary misery index,' which reflected the relative abundance of sadness words minus happiness words.
A team of researchers has identified more than 180 species of fish that exhibit biofluorescence, a phenomenon where organisms absorb and emit light of different colors. The study reveals the widespread distribution of biofluorescence across marine fish species, indicating its potential use in communication and mating.
A comprehensive study of over 300,000 births in South Australia found that babies conceived through assisted reproductive therapies had a higher risk of stillbirth, preterm birth, low birth weight, and neonatal death compared to naturally conceived babies. The risks varied depending on the type of assisted conception used.
A recent study published in Human Gene Therapy evaluated the immune response to viral vector delivery systems and their impact on gene therapy's safety and efficacy. The researchers found that the systemic and local immune reactions induced by AAV-based gene therapy did not affect the safety of gene therapy or expression of the replace...
Scientists at MD Anderson Cancer Center discovered that exosomes, tiny particles shed by cancer cells, contain the entire genetic blueprint of cancer cells. This finding could lead to a blood test that detects cancer gene defects and helps physicians treat patients earlier.
Researchers at Ohio State University discovered a seven-gene panel associated with DNA methylation that can identify patients with the best or poorest outcomes in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) treatment. Patients with low scores, indicating few highly expressed genes, had better complete-remission rates and longer survival rates.
Researchers found that younger, less experienced runners are more prone to injuries, while stress fractures are relatively rare. Ultrarunners also showed a high incidence of asthma and allergies, which may be linked to increased outdoor exposure.
A new type of battery that could transform grid-scale energy storage, making power from renewables more economical and reliable. The innovative technology relies on naturally abundant, inexpensive quinone molecules, which are similar to those found in plants and animals.
Researchers at the University of Southern Denmark have developed a new, safer, and noninvasive diagnostic technique for stomach ulcers. The technique makes the ulcer-causing bacteria in the gut light up in fluorescent green, allowing doctors to detect ulcers instantly without taking tissue samples.
Researchers propose an alternative way to allocate science funding by distributing funds collectively among the scientific community. This approach could save time, money, and encourage innovation, while also allowing for more flexible funding and potentially changing publication practices.
Researchers developed a bio-inspired adhesive that rapidly attaches biodegradable patches in a beating heart, addressing drawbacks of previous systems. The adhesive maintains strong sticking power in the presence of blood and remains attached even at increased heart rates and blood pressure.
A recent study published in PLOS ONE found that England's universal healthcare system manages blood pressure more equitably across socioeconomic groups compared to the US. In contrast, wealthier Americans are more likely to meet blood pressure targets than poorer patients.
Researchers have created a technique called PIP-seq to map all interactions between RNA and proteins. The study identifies potential disease-causing genetic mutations in regions of RNAs where RNA-binding proteins bind, providing new insights into neurological diseases like Parkinson's. The data is publicly available online.
Researchers found that mild electronic stimulation therapy to the upper airway during sleep is effective in reducing obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) by restoring muscle tone and preventing tongue collapse. The study's results showed significant improvements in symptoms, quality of life, and daytime sleepiness.
Researchers at Duke University Medical Center found a high presence of bacteria at the site where fetal membranes rupture may be associated with premature water breaking. The study suggests that bacterial presence is linked to thinning of the fetal membranes, which can lead to preterm births.
Researchers from the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS) have measured galaxy distances over six billion light-years away to an unprecedented one-percent accuracy. This achievement places new constraints on dark energy and provides valuable insights into the mysterious force driving the universe's accelerating expansion.
A study published in PLOS ONE suggests that early hominins like Paranthropus boisei ate a diet of tiger nuts, fruits, and insects, providing enough nutrients for their large brains. The research calculates that a hominin could extract sufficient calories from tiger nuts in just two to three hours per day.
Researchers found that adding half an avocado to a lunch reduced participants' desire to eat by 40% over three hours and increased feelings of satisfaction by 26%, compared to a standard lunch. The study's findings suggest avocados may play a role in blood sugar management, leading to further investigation.
Researchers have created a way to clean dirty banknotes, removing accumulated sebum and motor oil without damaging security features. This process could save nearly $10 billion annually and minimize the environmental impact of currency disposal.
Researchers challenge conventional wisdom that super-Earths are waterworlds, proposing they can have exposed continents and an Earth-like climate. The model suggests most tectonically active super-Earths store water in the mantle, enabling a stable climate.
UCSB psychology professor Brenda Major found that weight-stigmatizing messages can actually lead to increased eating and reduced self-control in overweight women. The study suggests that these messages can exacerbate feelings of helplessness, causing individuals to engage in unhealthy eating habits.
Researchers found that a subset of immune cells expresses the multidrug transporter MDR1 and are linked to inflammation in Crohn's patients. These cells may play a major role in the development of steroid resistance, suggesting that steroid treatment itself may be responsible for their accumulation.
Researchers at Case Comprehensive Cancer Center have identified a microRNA biomarker, miR-181a, that predicts treatment response in ovarian cancer. Elevated levels of miR-181a are associated with chemotherapy resistance and disease progression.