Researchers have made refinements to a technique combining MRI and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to improve image quality and accuracy in detecting breast cancer. The new design allows for increased coverage of the chest, providing improved visibility for 'hard-to-see' areas, and has shown promising results in clinical trials.
A Phase I clinical trial is underway to evaluate the safety and dosing of a personalized vaccine targeting cancer stem cells in patients with recurrent glioblastoma multiforme. The vaccine aims to boost the immune system's ability to recognize and destroy cancer cells, potentially leading to improved treatment outcomes.
Carnegie Mellon University researchers Roberta Klatzky and J. David Creswell develop a new sensory integration model to explain the mechanisms underlying unconscious priming, which affects how we think and behave in social contexts. The model provides a clearer understanding of when and why primes influence behavior.
Researchers found that interplanetary dust particles carry both water and organics needed for the origin of life. This mechanism could also work for exoplanets, enabling water formation through solar wind irradiation. The discovery sheds light on the Moon's OH and water ice, as well as asteroid and comet origins.
Barton's team will develop interconnected, web-based analysis and visualization tools to discern complex relationships among societies and their environments. The project aims to create new insights into socio-ecological systems and make them accessible to the general public, policymakers, and stakeholders.
Researchers Sarj Patel and Tom Rau aim to identify biomarkers of TBI through blood samples, improving diagnosis and treatment. The goal is to understand how localized injuries affect the entire brain.
Researchers developed a reliable 3-D MRI imaging technique to study premature brain development. This allows for early identification of delayed tracts and potential treatments, enabling proactive therapies within weeks of birth.
A study by researchers at the University of California, Davis found that growing up in space weakens a key immune system pathway in Drosophila flies. The Toll pathway was 'non-functional' in space-raised flies, but showed improvement under hypergravity conditions.
A new study by Matthew Ravosa and colleagues at the University of Notre Dame reveals that dietary influences play a crucial role in shaping the human skull. Contrary to long-held assumptions about hard object feeding, the research suggests that early human ancestors, such as Australopithecus, relied on tough foods year-round.
Researchers at the University of Leicester have found two versions of a protein called Cryptochrome in wild populations of fruit flies, both with different amino acids that affect the circadian clock. The study suggests that this variation is functionally important and actively maintained by natural selection.
A Baylor University study found a positive association between religiosity and loving attitudes toward other racial and ethnic groups, but not those who violate values. Researchers studied 389 religiously diverse adults in an online survey to examine the relationship between religiosity and love of neighbors.
A study by Northwestern University found that doctors who use electronic health records in the exam room spend about a third of their visits looking at computers, leading to missed nonverbal cues. The study suggests that interactive screen sharing could improve doctor-patient interaction and contribute to better-designed technology.
A recent study by Loyola Medicine finds that many internists feel ill-equipped to care for adult childhood cancer survivors due to inadequate education and training. The study highlights the need for primary care physicians to have access to survivorship care plans and guidelines.
New research reveals that humans have actively managed Southeast Asian rainforests for over 11,000 years by clearing vegetation to plant food-bearing plants. Pollen samples and archaeological findings indicate repeated disturbances to vegetation since the end of the last ice age.
Astronomers plan observations of supernova SN 2014J with NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope and other space missions. The event provides an opportunity to study how interstellar dust affects its light.
Increased inflammation after infections impairs brain's ability to form spatial memories by disrupting neural circuits involved in learning and memory. The study used PET scans to measure effects of inflammation on glucose consumption in the brain, revealing a decrease in glucose metabolism in the Medial Temporal Lobe.
Scientists at King's College London argue that biobank donors should have unrestricted access to data derived from their own material. This move aims to increase reciprocity and partnership between donors and researchers, recognizing the donor's agency in decision-making processes.
A new analysis of 63 animal studies found that industry-sponsored studies had less favorable results than non-industry funded studies. This highlights the role of selective reporting and methodological problems in communicating research findings.
A study in PLOS Genetics found that HIV drug resistance mutations can spread rapidly within a patient, leading to a homogeneous or heterogeneous viral population. The researchers estimate the effective population size of HIV to be around 150,000, which may help inform treatment strategies and predict resistance evolution.
A research team led by USF Health's Michael White and Elena Suvorova aims to identify new factors required for malaria-related parasites' growth. The study may lead to the development of new therapies against malaria, a deadly mosquito-borne disease.
Researchers tracked six dogs and their owner on group walks to measure social behavior and determine personalities. Dogs that consistently took the lead were more responsive to training, older, and more aggressive than those that followed.
Researchers at Duke University found that long-term spinal cord stimulation improved symptoms of Parkinson's-like disease in rats, protecting critical neurons and promoting better survival. The treatment may offer a new option for managing the condition.
Research reveals frog calls create ripples used by rival males to assess competition, but also detectors for predators like frog-eating bats. The study shows how complex communication can have costs and benefits through different sensory channels.
Researchers found that females who mated with preferred males produced more offspring and were better able to cope with infection from Salmonella compared to offspring sired by non-preferred males. The fitness benefits were due to tolerance to infection rather than immune resistance.
Studies demonstrate the utility of ultrasound in emergency medicine, yielding rapid and accurate diagnoses. Clinician-performed cardiac ultrasound has been shown to improve prognostic value, with significant correlation between GP and cardiologist measurements.
The Opportunity rover has discovered evidence of conditions that support the chemistry of life in Mars' past, earning a spot in Science magazine. The 10-year-old rover explored Martian geology and environmental processes, searching for signs of habitability and life.
Scientists have created a new statistical method to analyze individual cells, allowing for more accurate detection of cell properties. By combining data from multiple cells, researchers can reduce errors and overcome statistical noise, leading to better understanding of cellular behavior and development.
Researchers developed a tool to predict which direction a breast cancer tumor is most likely to go and how it will respond to chemotherapy. The study's findings reveal general rules, including genetic diversity within tumors and the importance of analyzing individual cells.
Researchers at MIT have developed flexible materials with nanoscale wrinkles that can control the wavelengths and distribution of waves, including sound and light. This technology could lead to new diagnostic tools for diseases like cancer and enable advanced noise-cancellation systems.
A recent study published in Medical Care found that psychiatric symptoms such as insomnia and emotional distress have a significant impact on work-related outcomes. The study suggests targeting symptoms, rather than disorders, may help lessen the work impact of mental health issues.
The genome of the world's oldest continuously surviving cancer, a transmissible genital cancer in dogs, has been sequenced. The cancer carries about two million mutations and is believed to have arisen 11,000 years ago. Analysis reveals that the cancer still harbors genetic variants from its ancient host.
The study demonstrates how cyanide and carbon monoxide are safely bound to an iron atom to construct an enzyme that can generate hydrogen gas. This discovery sheds light on the unusual chemistry involved in binding small molecules to metal atoms, a crucial step towards producing hydrogen using abundant metals.
Researchers found that males' ability to monopolize a female drives the evolution of their sexual traits. Some species invest more in weapons, while others prioritize large testes for fertility. The study looked at over 300 species and revealed surprising variations in male investment.
A new study found that US consumers changed their eating habits significantly between 2003 and 2011, leading to a decline in calorie consumption. The changes persisted independent of economic conditions, suggesting that public health efforts and increased awareness about healthy eating played a crucial role.
A new genus of rove beetles, Morphogenia, has been discovered in the Brazilian Amazon, featuring remarkable sexual dimorphism between males and females. The study highlights the vast number of species within this group, with over 9,000 known species, yet much still to be discovered about their ecology.
A recent study published in BMC Medicine has found that living in a household with a spouse who has type 2 diabetes can increase the risk of developing the condition. The research team analyzed data from six studies and found that spousal diabetes was associated with a 26% increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
Researchers find that people can detect unpleasant odors in sweat after exposure to toxins, potentially indicating an early immune response. The study suggests that there may be biomarkers for illness in the form of volatile substances from the body.
Studies found that African-American hemodialysis patients with sickle cell trait received about 13% more anemia medications than those without the trait to achieve the same level of hemoglobin. The presence of sickle cell trait was also more common among dialysis patients, affecting approximately 10% of study participants.
A South American tree species, Embothrium coccineum, has adapted to form cluster roots to access limited phosphorus in volcanic soils. Cluster root formation is stimulated by low soil nitrogen levels, enabling small seedlings to maintain adequate foliar P levels.
Researchers at Albert Einstein College of Medicine developed a mouse model with fluorescently tagged beta-actin mRNA, allowing them to observe the molecular processes that culminate in memories. The study revealed a novel mechanism by which brain neurons control the synthesis of beta-actin protein.
Researchers at VCU Massey Cancer Center are studying how the ACA affects cancer screening in low-income women and employed married women with breast cancer. The study found that Medicaid expansions increased breast and cervical cancer screening, particularly among low-income women, suggesting a positive effect of near-universal coverag...
A study by researchers at UC Davis found 248 new genes that exist only in Drosophila melanogaster, emerging from ancestrally non-coding DNA. These genes showed evidence of being under selection and were more likely to be larger and more complex.
A new focused ultrasound exam has been shown to accurately identify athletes with undetected cardiovascular conditions, reducing the risk of sudden cardiac death. The Early Screening for Cardiovascular Abnormalities With Preparticipation Echocardiography (ESCAPE) protocol could become the sports medicine physical of the future.
A team of researchers led by Professor Michael Holdsworth has identified the central mechanism for detecting nitric oxide (NO) in plants, which regulates growth and response to environmental stress. The 'master regulators' control NO detection and have been found to regulate important aspects of plant development.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins Medicine have developed human induced-pluripotent stem cells that can repair damaged retinal vascular tissue in mice without using viruses. These non-viral, human retinal iPSCs were grown using a safer method and showed comparable ability to human embryonic-derived iPSCs.
A team of NYU scientists found strong correlations between North and tropical Atlantic Ocean warming and subsequent changes in Antarctica's sea level pressure and sea ice redistribution. The study suggests that distant regional conditions can have far-reaching effects on Antarctic climate change.
Scientists at Harvard Medical School call for data held in biobanks to be made accessible to donors, enabling them to access their own raw data and conduct independent analyses. This principle aims to promote reciprocity in the relationship between biobanks and participants.
A team of researchers discovered that large multicellular organisms grew tall to access nutrient-rich ocean flow, gaining an advantage over bacteria. This discovery sheds light on the evolution of early life forms and may have implications for understanding modern ocean processes.
A recent study of 1,021 men found that physical activity significantly extends the lives of male cancer survivors. The study revealed that those who expended more than 12,600 kilojoules per week in physical activity were 48% less likely to die than those who burned fewer kilojoules.
Scientists from McGill University and Sandia National Laboratories have successfully tested the 'Luttinger liquid' model, a mathematical prediction for one-dimensional quantum physics. The experiment measures the effect of electrical current on nearby wires, showing increased friction at low temperatures.
Researchers found that a new adjuvant improved flu vaccine effectiveness in mice and showed promise for the elderly. The study also highlighted the importance of characterizing immune responses following intra-nasal vaccinations, particularly with novel adjuvants.
A new criminal sanction is being considered to deter poor care resulting in severe harm, but critics argue it may cause distress and disruption. The proposed legislation aims to close a gap in the law and promote open culture, but its potential pitfalls remain unclear.
A new study published in the Journal of Urology reports that prostate cancer patients treated with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) experienced changes in mental and emotional well-being during treatment, with no significant decline in emotional quality of life two years after treatment. Investigators recommend counseling men about p...
Poor growth in early pregnancy is associated with cardiovascular risk factors in childhood, including higher blood pressure and adverse cholesterol profiles. The study suggests that the first trimester of pregnancy may be a critical period for cardiovascular health in later life.
Researchers developed a mathematical model to predict how tumors will behave and which treatments are most effective, focusing on genetic diversity within tumors. The study found that tumors with less genetic diversity are more likely to respond to treatment, providing new insights into personalized cancer care.
A new study published in Cell found that mice offspring of mothers consuming a high-fat diet during lactation had abnormal neuronal circuits and altered insulin signaling, leading to lifelong obesity. The study suggests that proper nutrition during critical developmental periods can impact long-term metabolic health.
Researchers developed a new technique that accounts for sample drift and eliminates distortion in scanning transmission electron microscope images. This allows for accurate representation of material structures and enables the discovery of crystalline structures in unknown samples.
Researchers at ETH Zurich deciphered the structure of the large subunit of the mitochondrial ribosome, a complex enzyme that deciphers genetic code and assembles amino acids into proteins. The study's success relies on a combination of high-resolution cryo-electron microscopy and chemical cross-linking combined with mass spectrometry.
Researchers found that ANP32E strips histone H2A.Z from DNA, altering gene expression and leading to improper chromatin structure in cells lacking the protein. This discovery could reveal novel therapeutic strategies for diseases and cancers.
A new national study reveals that cohabitation significantly contributes to the number of long-term relationships lasting eight years or longer. The research found that couples who start out cohabiting are more likely to form and maintain long-term unions, especially among women as they get older.