The US Army's new strategic research plan aims to improve treatment outcomes for traumatic brain injury by identifying critical research priority areas. The report highlights six main target areas, including pharmacological interventions and preclinical drug assessment.
A decade-long study shows that providing maternal-newborn skin-to-skin contact enhances child physiologic organization and cognitive control, leading to better neuroendocrine response to stress. The intervention, called Kangaroo Care, also improves children's functioning in systems sensitive to early maternal deprivation.
A new compound, MLS-2384, has been developed as a potential anti-tumor therapeutic agent targeting JAK and Src kinases. It exhibits dual inhibitory activity against these kinases and blocks downstream signaling into the STAT3 pathway.
A new study finds that nearly half of black males and almost 40 percent of white males are arrested by age 23, affecting their ability to find work, attend school, and fully participate in their communities. The study also reveals little race variation in arrest rates among females.
Researchers at North Carolina State University developed nanoparticles that deliver two different cancer-killing drugs to separate parts of the cell. The technique, tested on laboratory mice, resulted in significant tumor reduction compared to conventional treatments.
A new nomogram developed by Roman Gulati et al. estimates the likelihood of overdiagnosis for screen-detected prostate cancers, considering patient age, Gleason score, and PSA level at diagnosis. The model predicts risks ranging from 2.9% to 88.1% depending on individual characteristics.
Researchers found that people, especially men, tend to perceive risk-seekers as taller and stronger than cautious individuals. The study used fictional characters and real-life scenarios to demonstrate this phenomenon.
A study published in the American Journal of Infection Control found a significant decrease in MRSA infections in Veterans Affairs long-term care facilities over a 42-month period. The MRSA Prevention Initiative, which included screening, hand hygiene, and institutional culture change, led to a 36% overall decline in MRSA infections.
A study of forest changes reveals a 2.4 times increase in tree density since 1929, with fewer pine trees and more fir and cedar, leading to reduced biodiversity and increased susceptibility to severe fires. The findings highlight the importance of restoring fire resilience and improving biodiversity in forests.
A new study from Ohio State University found that despite high mortgage default rates contributing to the 2008 housing meltdown, predatory lenders may have had a smaller impact. The research suggests that even without predatory lending, the subprime crisis would still occur due to other factors.
The Population Council is developing a non-antiretroviral HIV microbicide to prevent HIV and other STIs, particularly for women in sub-Saharan Africa. The project aims to create safe, effective, and acceptable products with the potential to deliver an additional prevention option globally.
Researchers found that mutations in phosphatases lead to dysfunction of regulatory proteins that keep the oncogene in check, causing it to stay activated and promote cancer growth. This discovery suggests a new target for drugs to treat head and neck tumors and other cancers.
A Swedish study found a dose-dependent inverse association between alcohol consumption and the risk of developing multiple sclerosis. The researchers suggest that patients with MS may not need to completely abstain from alcohol.
De Vita is working with collaborative partners to determine the elastic and viscoelastic properties of uterosacral and cardinal ligaments. Her research could transform surgical reconstruction methods for female sufferers, establishing new guidelines and biocompatible grafts.
A daily meditation practice of 30 to 40 minutes can improve symptoms of anxiety and depression in patients with various medical conditions. The study found moderate evidence of improvement in symptoms after an eight-week training program in mindfulness meditation.
Researchers from Rice University and MD Anderson Cancer Center analyzed cancer patients' statistics, finding higher costs associated with complications. The study found that even small increases in hospitalization costs could be substantial, with respiratory failure resulting in a cost increase of over 50% for all cancer resections.
A RAND Corporation study found that workplace wellness programs can save $3.78 in healthcare costs for every dollar invested in managing chronic illnesses. However, lifestyle management components were found to have smaller savings or no significant effect on health care costs.
A new study found that using an online patient portal to refill medications increased medication adherence and improved cholesterol levels in patients with diabetes. The study, conducted by Kaiser Permanente, involved 17,760 patients with diabetes who used the online portal to order prescription refills.
Lekic's work has improved the understanding of Earth's large-scale inner structure, revealing key features such as a low-velocity layer internal to continental plates. His research also explores neutrino geoscience and seismic attenuation, providing new insights into plate tectonics and continental evolution
Researchers found that alphaB-crystallin enhances breast cancer cells' ability to penetrate the blood-brain barrier and form metastases in the brain. Tumors expressing this protein had a poorer prognosis and were more likely to be triple-negative breast cancers.
Researchers found that EPO promotes tumor cell invasion and migration via stimulating a small percentage of stem-like cancer cells. The study provides evidence for a novel paradigm in which EPO regulates tumorigenesis through autocrine/paracrine action, potentially explaining inconsistent results in previous studies.
The team detected a series of bright gamma-ray flares from a source known as B0218+357, located in a gravitational lens system. The gamma-ray delay is about a day longer than radio observations report for this system, and the region emitting gamma rays is very small compared to those emitting at lower energies.
Researchers found that parents' use of exaggerated vowels and animated baby talk in one-on-one conversations with children is linked to better language development. Infants who heard more baby talk knew more words at 2 years old, on average, compared to those in families with less baby talk.
A new RAND Corporation study suggests that autonomous vehicles will outweigh the likely disadvantages, providing significant social benefits such as decreased crashes, increased mobility, and fuel economy. However, policymakers must address regulatory challenges, liability issues, and privacy concerns.
Researchers found that long-term PI3K inhibitor treatment reactivates Akt through an unknown ERK1/2 regulatory loop. This limits the effectiveness of anti-PI3K strategies against K-Ras mutant or overexpressed tumor cells. Combining MEK-ERK1/2 and PI3K inhibitors may overcome resistance in these tumors.
Research at the University of North Carolina found that patients with higher co-payments were 70% more likely to stop taking their cancer treatment and 42% more likely to skip doses. The cost of many new pharmaceuticals can exceed $100,000 per year.
Researchers found auxiliary proteins play crucial role in sodium channels, affecting disease treatment and pain syndromes. The discovery could lead to more focused treatments for epilepsy, neurological diseases, and muscular disorders.
Astronomers have captured the remains of a recent supernova brimming with freshly formed dust, which could explain how many galaxies acquired their dusty appearance. The ALMA telescope's unprecedented resolution and sensitivity revealed a large dust mass concentrated in the central part of the ejecta.
Researchers propose using water spray from tall buildings to remove aerosol pollutants, reducing fine particle load in the atmosphere. This geoengineering technique is environmentally safe, technologically feasible, efficient, and low-cost.
The grants will focus on reducing the average age of diagnosis, increasing access to high-quality early intervention and understanding environmental risk factors for autism. Researchers will also develop effective treatments and assess the benefits of early interventions in urban settings.
A Vanderbilt University Medical Center study tracked over 36,000 children taking two commonly prescribed antidepressants and found no evidence of increased suicidal risk. The research aimed to inform decision-making on treatment options for pediatric patients with major depressive disorder.
A study found that conch snails that use a strong foot to leap away from predators either stop jumping or take longer when exposed to high levels of carbon dioxide projected for the end of this century. This disruption affects vital decision-making, making snails more vulnerable to their slow-moving nemesis.
A new Oxford study reveals that individuals tend to maintain a limited number of close relationships and allocate their communication efforts accordingly. Despite advances in mobile technology and social networking, people's capacity for emotionally close relationships remains finite.
Transformation optics tackles challenges in plasmonic devices by transforming complex structures into canonical ones, facilitating accurate modeling and design. This enables the development of efficient light-harvesting nanostructures with strong near-field enhancements.
The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists explores the impact of emerging military technologies on the laws of war, highlighting the need for new legal thinking and institutions to address asymmetric warfare. The article argues that current international law is no longer sufficient to handle the complexity of modern warfare.
Kerry Sieh's pioneering work transformed the study of earthquakes, revealing frequent but irregular recurrence. His research led to the development of paleoseismology and improved seismic hazard assessment.
RAMBO allows researchers to run spectroscopy-based experiments in pulsed magnetic fields of up to 30 tesla on a tabletop. The device enables direct optical access to the sample and combines ultrastrong magnetic fields with short and intense optical pulses.
New research confirms Ardi's close evolutionary relationship to humans, revealing a pattern of similarity linking it to Australopithecus and modern humans. The study shows that the human cranial base pattern is at least a million years older than previously thought, with implications for our understanding of human evolution.
A study by BIDMC researchers found that African Americans are less likely to consider weight loss surgery due to lower quality of life concerns, not economic barriers. Patients' reported quality of life was a significant motivator for their decision-making process.
A Harvard School of Public Health study found little evidence that low-income adults in non-expanding states will migrate to expand their coverage. Instead, Medicaid enrollment occurred gradually over time, with participation increasing among previously eligible parents and certain young people.
A new study published in Psychological Science found that people who use the risk of losing their monthly healthy food discount as a motivational tool are more likely to make healthier choices at the grocery store. By precommitting to increase their healthy food purchases, participants increased their healthy food intake by an average ...
A new study by UC Berkeley researchers finds that suburban sprawl cancels out the carbon footprint savings of densely populated cities, with suburbs accounting for 50% of household emissions. Interactive maps show striking differences between urban cores and surrounding suburbs, highlighting the need for tailored climate action plans.
A systematic review of 40 studies found that ear tube surgery has no significant impact on hearing, speech, or other functional outcomes beyond a short period. Adenoidectomy also showed limited benefits in reducing time with ear infections and improving hearing up to two years.
Researchers at ICFO have developed a framework to quantify photoactivation efficiency of fluorescent proteins, enabling accurate protein stoichiometry measurement. This breakthrough enhances our ability to study protein function and disease mechanisms.
Researchers at NUS have discovered a biomarker called adenosine deaminase acting on RNA-1 (ADAR1) to diagnose and treat esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). ADAR1 over-expression promotes tumor development, with clinical implications for early detection and treatment.
A new study from Case Western Reserve University finds that released inmates with severe mental illness prioritize basic needs like housing and food over mental health services. The study suggests that social workers and policymakers must ensure that both basic and treatment needs are met during the transition from jail to community.
Researchers at Princeton University discovered that bacteria like Vibrio cholerae have a system to prevent freeloaders from enjoying the fruit of others' hard work. By producing a thick coating or using natural fluid flow, these microbes deny access to nutrients generated by productive community members.
Researchers at Case Western Reserve University are developing imaging technology to improve treatment and survival rates for ischemic heart disease patients. The new technology uses high-speed computer analysis to help doctors determine if stents are restoring circulation as designed, reducing the risk of failure.
A recent study by UChicago scientists reveals how the N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification on mRNA affects the half-life of mRNA, regulating cellular protein quantities. This discovery could provide fundamental insights into healthy functioning and disorders such as obesity, diabetes, and infertility.
Researchers at the University of Huddersfield discovered that ion beams used to transform nanoscale materials can cause significant damage to computer chips and other products. The findings have important implications for medicine, particularly in the use of gold nanoparticles for tumour detection and drug delivery.
The discovery of KOI-314c reveals a planet weighing as much as Earth but 60% larger in diameter, indicating a thick, gaseous atmosphere. The planet's mass was measured using transit timing variations (TTV), a young method for studying low-mass planets.
New fossils from Belgium have revealed the earliest known ancestor of modern carnivores, with species such as lions, tigers and bears tracing their ancestry to primitive carnivorous mammals. The new specimens, including over 250 teeth and ankle bones, provide valuable insights into the evolutionary history of these iconic animals.
A 10-year observational study of nearly 3,000 participants found that maintaining a 10% weight loss was possible for over 87% of individuals. The researchers identified physical activity, self-weighing, low-fat diets, and avoiding overeating as key predictors of successful weight loss maintenance.
A study found moderate evidence that mindfulness meditation programs show small improvements in anxiety, depression, and pain. However, there was low evidence of benefits for stress/distress and mental health component of health-related quality of life.
Researchers at Cedars-Sinai identified immune system targets on cancer stem cells and created an experimental vaccine to attack them. The vaccine, which uses dendritic cells, was tested in lab mice and showed promise without causing side effects.
A new study of over 7,000 older Chinese women found that breastfeeding was associated with a lower risk of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), with women who breastfed being around half as likely to develop the condition. The study also found a statistically significant trend of decreasing RA risk with increasing duration of breastfeeding.
A study found that sublethal doses of biocides can enhance antibiotic resistance in bacteria, forming harmful biofilms and increasing survival rates. This poses a risk to public health and highlights the need for proper guidelines on biocide use in food production.
A new study published in Environmental Science & Technology found that moving to a greener area improves mental health and the effect continues long after the move. The research team analyzed data from over 1,000 participants and found significant and sustained improvements in mental health for those who relocated to greener areas.
Researchers at the University at Buffalo used optogenetics to stimulate dopamine neurons, reducing binge drinking behavior in rats. The technique has potential applications for treating alcoholism, mental illnesses, and neurological diseases.
The Global Invertebrate Genomic Alliance (GIGA) aims to promote comparative genomics and bioinformatics research on non-insect/non-nematode invertebrates. The consortium will facilitate comparisons of genomic studies across multiple labs, improving understanding of animal diversity and the tree of life.
A recent study published in the Journal of the American College of Radiology reveals that there is minimal change in regional variation of imaging utilization between 2007 and 2011. In contrast, regional variation in imaging costs and other major health services categories remains significant.
A research team at the University of California, San Diego has discovered how calcium phosphate-based materials encourage stem cells to differentiate into bone-forming cells. The findings could lead to the development of new biomaterials that can be used to treat bone defects and diseases.
The Marine Biological Laboratory will conduct research on migratory waterbirds and their habitats as part of a $7 million grant. The study aims to help resource managers address the impacts of sea-level rise and coastal flooding.
A new study reveals that queen paperwasps have smaller visual processing brain regions than workers, suggesting environmental factors shape caste differences. The research highlights the importance of considering individual brain differences within insect colonies for studying neuroecology.
Entomologists at UC Riverside have created a novel technique that combines synthetic pheromone with insecticide sprays to effectively control Argentine ant colonies. The 'attract-and-kill' approach resulted in a 57-142% increase in kill rate, making it an economically viable alternative for urban pest management.
A study found that simultaneous administration of these vaccines increases the risk of fever in young children, with about a third experiencing a fever of 100.4 F (38 C) or higher on the day of or day after vaccination.
A Mediterranean diet rich in extra-virgin olive oil reduces the risk of type 2 diabetes by up to 50% without calorie restriction, exercise, or weight loss. The study published in Annals of Internal Medicine suggests that a Mediterranean diet may have public health implications for diabetes prevention.
The article reviews alternative target-oriented invisibility strategy, referred to as an 'inverse design', which integrates the technical advantages of forward strategies. This approach uses anisotropic materials and non-superluminal propagation to provide cloaking performance with a relatively broad bandwidth.
Researchers at Cornell University have discovered a new way to destroy metastasizing cancer cells by hitching killer proteins to white blood cells. The treatment, which uses E-selectin and TRAIL proteins, was found to be nearly 100% effective in killing cancer cells in laboratory tests.
Scientists have discovered novel compounds produced by chemical reactions that are hundreds of times more mutagenic than their parent compounds. These newly found NPAHs were not previously known to exist and raise concerns about the health impacts of heavily-polluted urban air or dietary exposure.
Astronomers have observed a recently formed dust factory in the remnant of Supernova 1987A using ALMA. The findings suggest that significant amounts of dust are being created by supernovae explosions, which could explain the dusty appearance of many galaxies in the early Universe.