A study reveals that SIRT1 is required for correct and safe cell reprogramming, ensuring healthy functioning of induced pluripotent stem cells. The protein helps maintain telomeres and prevents chromosome aberrations and DNA damage.
Researchers have identified a potential new class of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs that target the mPGES-1 enzyme, which reduces oxidative damage and slows atherosclerosis in macrophages. This could lead to safer pain relief options without increasing heart disease risk.
Researchers have developed a new technique using radiometric krypton dating to accurately determine the age of Antarctic ice, dating back up to 1.5 million years. This breakthrough could help reconstruct Earth's climate history and understand the mechanisms that trigger ice ages.
A team of researchers found that losartan, a commonly used hypertension drug, prevents post-traumatic seizures in a rodent model of the disease. The study suggests that blocking the TGF-beta receptor with losartan stops the cascade of steps that lead to localized inflammation and permanent brain damage.
A new study from UCSF found that codeine is frequently prescribed to children in US emergency rooms, with up to 877,000 prescriptions per year. The researchers recommend using safer alternatives like ibuprofen or hydrocodone, and changing prescribing patterns to reduce codeine use.
Common edible flowers in China have excellent antioxidant capacity due to their high phenolic content, which has anti-inflammatory activity and a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease and certain cancers.
Researchers developed an assay to analyze poly-G repeat mutations in human cancer samples, revealing evolutionary relationships among tumor sites. The study found that individual patients had varying levels of genetic differences between primary tumors and metastases, suggesting early or late metastatic spread.
Women with false-positive mammogram results experienced moderate to extreme anxiety, yet remained more likely to undergo future breast cancer screening. The study found a significant association between false-positives and increased anxiety, but not necessarily changed plans for future screening.
Researchers at Lomonosov Moscow State University and Pittsburgh University have identified a new biosynthetic pathway for lipid mediators, producing molecules that regulate inflammation and cell death. The study's findings could lead to the development of new anti-inflammatory drugs.
Tropical Cyclone Jack strengthened quickly after forming on April 20, but strong vertical wind shear is expected to weaken the storm. The Joint Typhoon Warning Center notes that despite this, the storm continued to build thunderstorms and elongate to the southeast.
A recent study published in The ANNALS found that more than 30% of undocumented migrant laborers are victims of labor trafficking, while 55% experience other forms of labor abuse. The research highlights the importance of improving working conditions for vulnerable workers and addressing the root causes of exploitation.
Researchers found that participants were more likely to forget justifications for atrocities committed by Afghan soldiers than American soldiers. However, they showed no memory impairment for unrepeated justifications when the perpetrator was American, highlighting the role of in-group membership in shaping memories.
Researchers found three key binding sites that contribute to the induction of the anesthetic response, affecting sodium channel function and inducing anesthesia. The study's findings provide new insights into the molecular basis of general anesthesia.
Research by Sang-Moo Kang of Georgia State University found that ginseng can improve survival rates of human lung epithelial cells infected with the influenza A virus. Red ginseng extract also reduced inflammation and improved immune response. Additionally, Korean red ginseng extract inhibited RSV replication and suppressed inflammator...
An international team of researchers, led by a plant scientist at the University of California, Davis, reports that the domesticated chili pepper originated in central-east Mexico. The region, extending from southern Puebla and northern Oaxaca to southeastern Veracruz, was previously thought to be less suitable for the crop's origins.
A team of Dana-Farber Cancer Institute investigators have uncovered a connection between Down syndrome and the development of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) during childhood. The study found that an extra copy of chromosome 21 leads to abnormal B cells that grow uncontrollably, increasing the risk of ALL.
Researchers pinpoint normal cell type that can give rise to invasive bladder cancers, explaining recurrence after therapy and potential therapeutic targets. Most bladder cancers arise from a corrupted lining with high probability of progression.
Researchers at Carnegie Mellon University and the University of Maryland developed a new method, Sailfish, that dramatically speeds up estimates of gene expression from RNA sequencing data. The method can complete its analysis in a few minutes, with accuracy equal to or exceeding previous methods.
Researchers at the University of Cambridge have discovered that embryonic stem cell nuclei exhibit auxeticity, a property allowing them to 'sponge up' essential materials. This unusual behavior has potential applications in soundproofing, super-absorbent sponges and bulletproof vests.
Researchers identified a new class of compounds, called pharmacologic chaperones, that can increase retromer levels and decrease amyloid-beta levels in cultured hippocampal neurons. The study found these compounds to be relatively non-toxic and showed promise in treating neurologic disease.
A study published in Nature Climate Change found that using corn crop residue to make ethanol and other biofuels reduces soil carbon but generates more greenhouse gases than gasoline, casting doubt on its climate benefits. Researchers suggest planting cover crops or alternative feedstocks to mitigate emissions.
Scientists have identified a molecule called CD61 on the surface of drug-resistant tumors that induces tumor metastasis by enhancing cancer cell properties. The findings suggest that existing drugs can exploit this pathway to reverse drug resistance and re-sensitize tumors.
A new study reveals that gut microbes play a crucial role in fostering the rapid production of infection-fighting white blood cells in newborns. Exposing mothers and neonatal mice to antibiotics reduced diversity of beneficial gut bacteria, leading to impaired resistance to infection.
A study found that certain genes, such as DRD1 and COMT, are associated with low, moderate, or high pain perception. The discovery may lead to new therapies and better understanding of chronic pain.
The emergence of big data presents both challenges and opportunities for databases, necessitating the development of new technologies and systems to handle vast amounts of complex data. Various distributed processing frameworks and systems have been proposed to address these issues.
A behavioral economic approach offering financial incentives significantly increased smoking abstinence rates among pregnant women, particularly those from disadvantaged backgrounds. Fetal growth also improved, with a substantial increase in healthy outcomes.
A team of researchers has developed a novel method for repairing soft-tissue organs and tissues using aqueous solutions of nanoparticles. In vivo experiments on rats showed that the method can close deep wounds rapidly without inflammation or necrosis, and successfully repair difficult-to-suture organs such as the liver.
A new study by Stanford researchers challenges the long-accepted island biogeography theory, which predicts a decline in species abundance in fragmented landscapes. Instead, they found that farmland and forest remnants in human-dominated landscapes can support higher species diversity and slow extinction rates.
A study published in Psychiatry Research found that dopamine replacement therapy commonly used to treat motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease was associated with a decline in cognitive performance among depressed Parkinson patients. Mood in depressed Parkinson's patients was also worse while on dopaminergic medications.
A mid-level solar flare, peaking at M7-class, was emitted by the sun on April 18, 2014. The radiation burst did not affect humans on Earth but may disturb communications signals and GPS.
Scientists at Cornell University have successfully switched a particular transition metal oxide from a metal to an insulator by making it less than a nanometer thick. This breakthrough discovery has the potential to revolutionize the development of ultra-thin electronic devices.
Asteroid and comet impacts can preserve the signatures of ancient life in Earthly impact debris. Researchers found fragments of leaves and preserved organic compounds in ancient impact glasses from Argentina, which could provide a snapshot of environmental conditions at the time of those impacts.
A new defense framework will be developed by UT Dallas professor Dr. Zhiqiang Lin to detect, diagnose and repair kernel malware attacks and enforce a prevention mechanism. The framework aims to detect malicious code sequences in the core of computer operating systems and prevent kernel malware infections.
A survey of emergency contraceptive pills in Peru found that 28% were either substandard or falsified, posing serious health risks. Researchers developed a sophisticated approach using mass spectrometry to detect counterfeit drugs, highlighting a growing concern for women's health in developing nations.
A study in the American Journal of Preventive Medicine found that people tend to think more about their health at the beginning of the week, with search volumes peaking on Mondays and Tuesdays. The researchers believe this pattern may be due to a desire for a 'health reset' after weekend indulgences.
Recent research suggests that domestication may be more complex than previously thought, with many species being domesticated less than expected. Studies on animal and plant domestication highlight the limitations of human agency in shaping organisms through selective breeding.
Physicists at Harvard University have successfully created quantum switches that can be turned on and off using a single photon. This technological achievement could lead to the creation of highly secure quantum networks, enabling perfectly secure communications over long distances.
Research by Baylor University and the University of Texas-San Antonio found that listening to gospel music decreases anxiety about death, while increases sense of control among seniors. The study, based on a nationwide survey, also showed positive associations between religious music and life satisfaction, self-esteem.
A new study found that chronic inflammation in non-cancerous prostate tissue may increase a man's risk of developing high-grade prostate cancer by nearly twice. The study showed that men with signs of chronic inflammation had a higher risk of having an aggressive and rapidly growing prostate cancer.
Researchers funded by NSF discover that some landscapes underlying the massive Greenland ice sheet may have remained undisturbed for almost 3 million years. The team analyzed chemical composition of silts from an ice core and found evidence of a continuous cover of Summit, Greenland, with minimal surface erosion during warmest periods.
A team of researchers found that some studies have shown no-till systems without cover crops may not increase soil organic carbon stocks as claimed. The review suggests that different definitions and methods can lead to conflicting findings, and the accuracy of determining soil organic carbon sequestration depends on the method used.
Researchers at UMass Amherst have developed a new version of Geckskin, a gecko-like adhesive that can adhere to various surfaces like drywall and wood. The material exhibits the ability to stick and release on different surfaces, opening up possibilities for innovative technologies in homes, offices, or outdoors.
A study analyzing ancient chicken DNA found that traits like yellow skin only became widespread in the last 500 years, contradicting previous assumptions about domestication. Researchers compared DNA from 81 ancient chickens to those of modern chickens, revealing significant genetic differences.
Researchers Jonathan Powell, G. William Wong, and Elias Zambidis will explore novel treatments for diabetes using protein design, hormone discovery, and stem cell therapy.
A study found that chronic inflammation in benign prostate tissue was associated with high-grade prostate cancer. Men with at least one biopsy core showing inflammation had a 1.78 times higher odds of having prostate cancer and a 2.24 times higher odds of having aggressive disease.
Researchers found that seed dormancy allows plants to adapt to their environment, resulting in increased species diversity. Plants with this ability are more likely to colonize new areas and thrive under changing conditions, a strategy that has been around since the earliest seeds.
A recent study by North Carolina State University reveals that impurities can either hinder or improve the performance of a key superconductive material, Bi2212. The size of the impurities determines their effect, with nanoscale defects appearing to enhance superconductivity, while large-scale impurities weaken it.
A team of scientists discovered a 3-million-year-old tundra landscape preserved under the Greenland Ice Sheet, suggesting the ice sheet has endured for longer than previously known. The findings indicate that even during warm periods, the center of Greenland remained stable, preventing the complete melting of the ice sheet.
Researchers found that thinking about non-emotional contextual details of a memory can alleviate the negative effects of these memories. This strategy, known as focusing on context, is a promising alternative to other emotion-regulation strategies.
A new study by Harvard neuroscientists reveals that myelin, the electrical insulating material in nerve cells, is not uniformly distributed along axons. Instead, more evolved neurons in the cerebral cortex have intermittent myelin patterns, which may enable increased neuronal communication and complex behavior.
Scientists at Harvard University have created a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system that can produce nano-scale images, potentially allowing researchers to peer into the atomic structure of individual molecules. The system uses a miniaturized magnet and quantum computing technology to achieve high spatial resolution.
Researchers found that different LED light sources render white differently, affecting product appearance. Participants struggled to distinguish between cards under blue-pumped LEDs, highlighting the need for spectrum engineering to accurately render whiteness.
A research team led by Dr. Zeng Li has discovered a novel function of the Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP), which controls the growth and maturation of newborn brain cells. This finding may help researchers understand how APP goes awry in Alzheimer's disease and potentially lead to innovative therapeutics.
Researchers discovered that individuals with high self-esteem enhance their relationship with God when faced with romantic rejection threat. However, low self-esteem individuals do not leverage this resource. The study also found similar trends when threatening the individual's relationship with God versus a romantic partner.
Neuroscientists at the University of Texas at Austin found that neurons in the brain tune into different frequencies of gamma waves for various spatial memory tasks. The research suggests that fast gamma waves promote encoding of recent experiences, while slow gamma waves support memory retrieval.
Researchers propose a new, integrated framework of cognitive styles that eliminates confusing labeling and enables integration of findings on individual differences in cognition across different disciplines. The taxonomy offers a clear categorization of styles from various fields, highlighting the importance of adaptive patterns or sty...
Research team discovers changes in glutathione redox potentials between cytosol and mitochondria, indicating different redox requirements for each compartment. Inhibition of GSH synthesis leads to increased mitochondrial oxidation in response to GSH depletion.
Researchers discover multitarget TB drug SQ109 that attacks tuberculosis and other pathogens, reducing the risk of resistance. The team created chemical analogs with improved effectiveness against various diseases, including malaria and parasites.
A Northwestern University discovery identifies a specific protein, fibronectin (FnEDA), as a key player in promoting fibrosis in people with scleroderma. The study found that blocking this protein's activity can prevent skin fibrosis in mice, offering new avenues for treatment.
A groundbreaking study reveals that the human brain is sensitive to language universals, with frequent syllables processed more readily than infrequent ones. The brain's response to ill-formed syllables points to a universal linguistic principle governing sound patterns in human language.