Research found that fish exposed to antidepressants like Fluoxetine displayed altered mating behaviors, repetitive behavior, and aggression towards female fish. The effects were reversible once the concentration level was reduced.
Researchers developed a novel antiviral drug to combat measles by reducing virus levels in animals. The drug also prevented animals from dying of the disease and boosted their immunity against the virus. While promising, additional research is needed before its use in humans.
Researchers have discovered that intestinal cells use adhesion molecules to build the nutrient-absorbing brush border, a critical structure for absorbing nutrients and defending against pathogens. The findings provide new insights into intestinal pathologies associated with inherited and infectious diseases.
A clinical trial found that HIV-positive women build antibodies against HPV and experience no unusual safety issues after vaccination. The study's results counter doubts about the vaccine's effectiveness in this population, suggesting it is safe and beneficial for those with weakened immune systems.
A pioneering clinical trial will test multiple drugs simultaneously in patients with advanced lung cancer based on their genetic profile. The 'National Lung Matrix' trial aims to provide more personalized treatment options for cancer patients.
Researchers at LMU München develop a mathematical model that shows how Bacillus subtilis populations benefit from balancing growth and migration. By doing so, they adapt to changing environments more effectively than specialized bacteria.
Researchers have determined the structure of a protein produced by Candida albicans, a common fungal pathogen that causes yeast infections and other diseases. The discovery could lead to the development of targeted compounds to treat widespread fungal infections.
A large study has found that a larger waist circumference is associated with an increased risk of postmenopausal breast cancer. However, when adjusting for body mass index (BMI), the association disappeared. The research suggests that maintaining a healthy weight, regardless of body shape, may be key to reducing breast cancer risk.
Research found that a particular strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa survived in contact lens cleaning solution for over four hours, posing a risk to eye health. The study suggests that standard disinfectant solutions may not be robust enough to kill all bacteria associated with microbial keratitis.
Researchers have successfully observed the quantum phase transition of a superconductor-to-metal type in a graphene-based hybrid system. The system, consisting of tin nanodisks on a graphene substrate, exhibits a sharp drop in temperature at which the spatial phase coherence is destroyed solely by quantum fluctuations.
A research team discovered an interferon-induced GTPase protein family that destroys bacterial camouflage, allowing cells to recognize and eliminate Salmonella. This finding sheds light on the immune system's strategies against bacterial pathogens.
The fossil, Eocasea martini, provides evidence that large caseid herbivores evolved from small carnivorous ancestors. This finding contributes to our understanding of the early evolution of herbivory in terrestrial vertebrates.
A 20-year study found greatly reduced green turtle catch rates in Nicaragua's legal, artisanal fishery, likely resulting from over-fishing. The catch rates declined by 56% over two decades, posing a concern for conservationists and local communities.
A new study by the University of Michigan reveals that there is no single healthy microbiome, but rather a unique and varied collection of bacteria for each person. The research found that various factors such as diet, environment, medication use, and life history influence the types of bacteria present.
A study by Tufts University researchers found that comparing hospitalization records with local health data provides a more accurate way to monitor disease outbreaks. The analysis revealed that some municipalities had significantly lower surveillance-to-hospitalization ratios, indicating potential underreporting of cases.
A new study found that teenage girls who identify as feminine are more likely to use tanning beds, while boys who identify as masculine are more likely to chew tobacco. These behaviors increase the risk of cancer and can be attributed to socially constructed ideas of masculinity and femininity.
A new study recommends sweeping changes to policy and clinical practice to reduce the odds of multiple births after fertility treatments. By expanding insurance coverage for IVF, improving doctor-patient communications, and investing in research, fertility experts aim to minimize health risks and long-term costs associated with multiples.
The University of Iowa will expand and strengthen its recruitment, mentoring, educational support, and professional development programs for underrepresented minority graduate students in STEM disciplines. Colleen Mitchell, mathematics associate professor, will lead the UCEM grant project.
Researchers found that women treated with radiation for cervical cancer were at higher risk of developing colon and rectal cancers, with some cases appearing up to 35 years after initial diagnosis. The study suggests new screening guidelines for young survivors, starting eight years after diagnosis.
Researchers analyzed 842 Ohio soil samples, finding all had high levels of arsenic above EPA's screening standard. Natural geological and soil processes are the main cause of these high levels.
Nicolas Doucet's team will develop new tools to study RNases and their role in cancer, inflammation, and asthma. The grant could lead to new medications and a better understanding of enzyme function.
Researchers found that pivoting planets with wobbling axes of rotation might maintain favorable conditions for life despite being far from their stars. This expands the idea of a habitable planet and where they might be found, particularly in systems with multiple gas giants.
A Stanford researcher found that pursuing concretely framed goals leads to greater happiness for givers, while abstractly framed goals may bring about unrealistic expectations. This study suggests reframing prosocial goals in more specific terms can increase personal happiness.
A new blood test, cMethDNA assay, has been developed to detect advanced breast cancer and monitor its response to treatment with high accuracy. The test detected cancer DNA in the blood of patients with metastatic breast cancers up to 95% of the time, making it a promising tool for early detection and treatment monitoring.
A new study by Mathew S. Isaac and Aaron R. Brough found that people are more likely to predict outcomes when items are grouped into larger categories. In a series of experiments, participants showed a bias towards wagering more money on winning the lottery if they had blue tickets rather than yellow ones.
A new study published in Developmental Psychology found that mothers' conversations with their children help them understand moral missteps and develop empathy. The study showed that these conversations have a significant impact on children's understanding of themselves as moral people, capable of both good and harm.
Researchers at Carnegie Institution have developed a new method to measure abscisic acid levels in individual plant cells, shedding light on the hormone's role in plant stress responses. This breakthrough tool has the potential to improve crop yields and inform strategies for mitigating the impacts of drought and climate change.
Researchers analyzed the gut microbiota of Hadza hunter-gatherers, revealing a unique microbial profile that supports their adaptation to a foraging subsistence pattern. The study found differences in gut microbiota between sexes, reflecting sexual division of labor and having implications for fertility and reproductive success.
A study by Michigan State University criminologists highlights the challenges faced by black women on probation and parole in poor urban areas. They find that social isolation and limited access to resources hinder these women's ability to stay clean, sober, and stable.
A recent analysis by the RECIST Working Group found that modeling target lesion tumor growth did not improve prediction of overall survival beyond other components of progression. The study also revealed that new lesions and non-target progressive disease were linked with worse overall survival in multivariate models.
Researchers found that pharmacist-led interventions show a significant improvement in blood pressure and cholesterol levels compared to current standard of care. Nurse-led care saw a 30% improvement, while pharmacist-led care achieved a 43% improvement in improving patient outcomes.
A 32-year study in Finnish Lapland found that 90% of moth species are stable or increasing, despite rising temperatures and precipitation. However, warmer temperatures reduced population growth rates, suggesting unknown ecological forces may be masking the negative effects of climate change.
Cases of diabetes and pre-diabetes in the US have nearly doubled since 1988, with obesity contributing to the surge. The burden of the disease is not evenly distributed, with higher rates among blacks, Hispanics, and the elderly.
A study published in PLOS Medicine demonstrates that mice with humanized livers can recapitulate the toxic effects of fialuridine, which caused liver failure in humans. The mouse model shows promise for detecting toxicity before human testing.
Researchers at Sandia National Laboratories are developing a solid-state hydrogen storage system that can refuel forklifts in under three minutes, compared to hours of recharging. This technology has the potential to revolutionize the clean forklift market, offering direct cost savings and reduced expenses.
To predict finish times for nearly 6,000 runners who didn't complete the 2013 Boston Marathon, researchers developed a statistical procedure using pace data up to the last checkpoint. The KNN method proved effective in predicting completion times, and its potential use was expanded to assist with real-time predictions during the race.
A new study by David W. Taylor and Gregory J. Anderson found that consumers are willing to pay more for culturally significant crops, highlighting the importance of 'Culinary Cultural Conservation.' The research also identified key food groups, such as viandas, which are essential to recreating a sense of home.
A study found that women with higher body mass index (BMI) before or in early pregnancy have an increased risk of fetal death, stillbirth, and infant death. Women who are severely obese face the greatest risk, with a two- to three-fold increase compared to those with a BMI of 20.
Research reveals that a planet's tilt can increase its habitability by reducing the likelihood of freezing over. The study expands the habitable zone by 10-20%, doubling the number of potentially habitable planets in the galaxy. This discovery opens up new possibilities for life beyond Earth and its neighbor planets.
A Northwestern University study reveals that casual marijuana use is associated with significant brain abnormalities in emotion and motivation regions. The degree of abnormalities is directly related to the number of joints used per week, suggesting a potential link between recreational marijuana use and negative consequences.
Researchers have developed nanosensors to track the movement and distribution of the plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) within plants. This allows for better understanding of ABA's role in drought resistance and plant growth under environmental stress, enabling future studies on how ABA helps plants respond to drought and other stresses.
Climate scientist Compton Tucker receives the 2014 Vega Medal for his work on remote sensing, measuring global land photosynthesis from space. His research has led to a 33-year data set invaluable for scientists studying Earth's climate.
Researchers develop a prototype of the world's first intelligent prosthetic liner to measure pressure and pulling forces at the interface between a patient's stump and prosthesis. The device aims to provide accurate measurements for optimal socket fit, reducing pain and discomfort for amputees.
A new study found that people perceive foods with rough textures to have lower calorie content. In laboratory experiments, participants consumed more soft than hard brownie bits when not focused on calorie content and vice versa when focused on it.
Researchers developed a new material to capture problematic polysulfides in lithium-sulfur batteries, increasing their lifespan. The battery's power capacity was maintained at 89% after 100 charge-and-discharge cycles.
A new study reveals that for adolescent girls, having a romantic relationship play out differently than they imagined it would has negative implications for their mental health. Relationship inauthenticity increases the risk of severe depression, thoughts of suicide, and suicide attempt among girls.
Scientists have discovered a correlation between the number of duplicated genes and a species' ability to adapt to novel environments. Higher numbers of these 'small-scale duplication genes' are associated with better adaptation, while lower numbers may hinder species survival.
The St. Elias Erosion/Tectonics Project investigates the role of glacial erosional processes in mountain belts, with a focus on southern Alaska's unique geology. Researchers found that fast-moving ice can remove rock at rates of centimeters per year.
A long-term study of bleeding patterns in women of multiple race/ethnicities during the menopausal transition found that prolonged and heavy bleeding is common, affecting up to 91% of participants. The research provides quantitative data on normal bleeding patterns, which can help alleviate concern and inform diagnostic approaches.
A novel screening process for early identification of infants at risk of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and developmental learning delay (DLD) has been developed. The study uses biomarkers such as abrupt head circumference acceleration and absence of head tilt reflex to identify infants at risk by 9 months.
Researchers at Aalto University have successfully developed a novel nanocrystalline cellulose that effectively inhibits alphavirus infection in cells. The compound was found to prevent viral spread in 88-100% of cases, with no negative effects on cell viability.
Research from Oregon State University shows that handling frozen fish is a major cause of injuries on commercial freezer-trawlers and longliners. The study identifies specific hazards and prevention strategies to reduce injuries and fatalities in the fishing industry.
A new study published in the Endocrine Society's Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism found that obstructive sleep apnea raises the risk of osteoporosis, especially among women and older individuals. The study used data from Taiwan's National Health Insurance program to track 1,377 people with obstructive sleep apnea and comp...
Researchers found that soil pH, iron concentrations, and total cadmium levels are excellent predictors of biologically available cadmium for plants. Increasing soil acidity can also release more cadmium into the soil, while iron oxides bind it tightly.
A University of Manchester study reveals that infection after a stroke significantly worsens outcomes, with the immune system's response to the infection causing more damage. Researchers identified specific blood cells and molecules involved in this process, paving the way for potential anti-inflammatory therapies.
Scientists have solved a decades-old medical mystery by understanding the mechanism of action of amphotericin, an antifungal drug that has been in use for over 50 years. The researchers found that most of the drug aggregates on the exterior of membranes, extracting sterols out of membranes like a sponge, leading to cell death.
In a recent study, scientists document the importance of irrigated agricultural crops to the Long-billed Curlew, a species of continental conservation concern. The study highlights the need for allocating water reliably to wetlands and flooded agricultural lands to support the species' survival.
A recent discovery in Saturn's outer A ring has provided insight into the formation of moons. The 'Peggy' object, a small icy body, may be migrating out of the ring and becoming a new moon.
A new study published in The Lancet found that functional brain imaging techniques, such as PET and fMRI, can reliably predict which vegetative patients have the potential to recover consciousness. The research suggests that these techniques can complement standard behavioral assessments to identify patients with a higher chance of lon...
A study by researchers at KU Leuven predicts that deforestation in the Congo Basin could increase temperatures by 1.4 °C by 2050, with an additional 0.7 °C from deforestation-induced warming. This could lead to drastic temperature increases, threatening plant and animal species with extinction.