Research at the University of Kansas explores how native language impacts processing auditory words in a second language. Annie Tremblay's study investigates cues that signal word beginnings and endings, finding that some cues are easier to pick up than others.
Gut bacteria produce cephalosporinases that protect themselves and beneficial bacteria from antibiotics, while also giving protection to harmful bacteria. The researchers found genes in Bacteroides bacteria that produce an enzyme destroying certain antibiotics.
A study by Oregon State University researchers found that introverted employees tend to rate extroverted colleagues lower in job performance and give them fewer credits for work. This suggests that introverts can have a significant impact on their co-workers' career advancement.
A new model for measuring acceptability of a long-acting contraceptive vaginal ring was tested among 1,036 women in a Phase 3 clinical trial. The study found that 89% of women were satisfied with the ring and had easy insertion and removal. Continued research is recommended to broaden the evidence supporting its use.
Researchers found that wolves can discriminate between different food quantities, but dogs struggled with this task, suggesting a loss of numerical competence through domestication. The study's findings have implications for our understanding of canine cognition and the effects of domestication on animal behavior.
Research suggests that talking to babies and naming things in their world can help them make connections between what they see and hear. Training with individual-level labels in infancy leads to long lasting learning effects that generalize from the trained images to human faces.
A new study published in PLOS Medicine found that home-based HIV testing and counseling services can achieve higher participation rates among rural Africans. The researchers compared two community approaches: home-based and mobile clinic-based services. They found that the home-based approach reached more first-time testers, particular...
Researchers investigate whether human microbiome has played a role in shaping human population structure, particularly lifespan. Their findings suggest that microbes like H. pylori may have evolved to target the aging process, benefiting the species at individual cost.
Researchers design novel cathode for rechargeable lithium-sulfur batteries featuring graphene-wrapped sulfur electrode. The design improves cycling stability and efficiency by confining active materials within a porous structure.
A global fleet of composite planes could reduce CO2 emissions by 14-15% if introduced widely, thanks to fuel savings. However, the aviation industry's overall emissions reduction will be lower due to a mix of new and old aircraft in service.
Humpback whales cooperate with each other to corral prey near the surface and emit specific acoustic cues when feeding on bottom prey at night. These sounds, dubbed 'tick-tock' noises, help flush out sand lance, a common food source.
Laboratory experiments by Iowa State University glaciologists found that glacier beds can grow more slippery as the ice slides faster. This effect can improve predictions of future sea-level rise and ice volume loss. The results challenge traditional mathematical models, which had predicted the opposite relationship.
Researchers found that people exhibit a 'progress bias,' prioritizing movement toward goals over movement away from them. This bias can lead to overestimation of progress and underestimation of setbacks, potentially hindering goal achievement.
Researchers found that postoperative TRALI is significantly underreported but occurs in 1.4 percent of surgical patients, while TACO remains a risk at 4 percent, particularly in those with increased volume of blood transfused and advanced age. The studies provide new insights into the incidence of these life-threatening complications.
A nationwide project is diagnosing rare diseases in children, finding a cause for nearly a third of first 1,000 families. Genome-wide sequencing and database comparison help identify genetic keys to disorders.
A clinical trial found no clear benefit of low glycemic index diets on key measures of heart disease and diabetes risk. Healthy eating habits focusing on fruits, vegetables, and whole grains are recommended by the study's lead researchers.
Researchers at the University of Guelph have identified a toxin released by the pathogen Paenibacillus larvae that causes American foulbrood disease. The study found a lead-based inhibitor against this toxin, which could lead to natural and effective approaches for fighting bee brood diseases.
Hydrogen transforms into a layered sheet structure resembling graphene at high pressures, exhibiting unique aromaticity and conductivity. This discovery validates earlier predictions made by chemists three decades ago, expanding our understanding of chemical bonding in extreme conditions.
A genetic abnormality drives Ewing sarcoma through two processes: stimulating tumor growth and suppressing cancer development. New therapies may target these mechanisms.
A study found that beaver populations have grown dramatically, damming up 42,000 square kilometres of aquatic pond areas and increasing methane emissions by 15 percent each year
Research reveals four billion microscopic plastic fibres littering each square kilometre of deep sea sediment worldwide. Microplastics have sunk to the ocean floor, with levels up to four times greater in deep seas than in shallow and coastal waters.
A new study by RAND Corporation found that unauthorized immigrants who previously been removed from the US are 2.5 times more likely to be rearrested after leaving jail. Researchers also found that these individuals were rearrested more frequently and sooner, highlighting the need for targeted immigration enforcement efforts.
A University of Alberta economics professor has discovered a link between contraband cigarette use and illicit drug use among Canadian teens. Contraband smokers are more than double as likely to use illicit drugs compared to non-contraband smokers, according to the study.
Researchers have found that loss of gene PTEN is a common driver event behind high-grade serous ovarian cancer, which is often fatal. Combining image analysis with genetic data helped identify PTEN levels in cancer cells while ignoring normal cells, paving the way for new treatments.
A paralysed woman, Jan Scheuermann, has controlled a robotic arm using complex hand movements, achieving 10-dimensional control. This breakthrough enables her to interact with objects in different ways, simulating human-like hand use.
Researchers will use deep genome sequencing and computer modeling to search for abnormalities in mRNA methylation, a newly discovered epigenetic process linked to diseases like cancer. The study aims to shed new light on the role of mRNA methylation in breast cancer.
Researchers used mathematical modeling to show that commensal bacteria played a key role in stabilizing early human populations. The study found that these beneficial microbes helped keep the community healthy until reproductive age, but their impact became detrimental with increased longevity.
A new study has found that the 'Rayleigh Jet' technique can increase cloud reflectance by 5% with minimal energy consumption, using 30 megawatts of power, about equivalent to two large ships. This method is a reversible geoengineering approach proposed to mitigate rising global temperatures.
Researchers at Cornell University have invented carbon-trapping sponges that outperform industry benchmarks, reducing toxicity and increasing efficiency. The innovative technology uses a silica scaffold with nanoscale pores to capture carbon dioxide in the presence of moisture.
Researchers have developed a microwave imaging system that can produce 3D images of the breast, including the location of cancerous tissue. The system uses dielectric properties to differentiate between normal and cancerous tissue, offering better specificity than current methods.
The Paleolithic diet is unlikely to be a single entity due to variations in early human diets across time and space. Early humans were likely dietary 'jacks-of-all-trades' with diverse eating habits influenced by environments and lifestyle.
Scientists used genetic analysis and mathematical modeling to discover millimeter-sized abnormalities in brain tissue that may cause unpredictable seizures. These 'microlesions' could lead to spontaneous electrical currents causing epilepsy.
Researchers calculate that lungs excrete 8.4kg of CO2 when 10kg of fat is fully oxidized, shedding unwanted pounds. By breathing, individuals can lose up to 200 grams of carbon daily, with exercise further increasing weight loss through increased metabolic rate.
A DNA study from Duke University sheds light on the extinction of giant lemurs, finding that their smaller population sizes made them more susceptible to extinction. The research suggests that lessons learned from ancient DNA can be useful in protecting remaining species.
Researchers detected three instances of cross-species mating that influenced the evolutionary paths of old world mice, suggesting hybridization may not be an evolutionary dead end. The study found shared genetic code between two species of mice from Europe and Africa, with implications for human genetics and health.
Life expectancies for black people are shorter and more uncertain than those of whites. Researchers found that higher rates of white deaths among the young offset the higher homicide rates among blacks. Targeted interventions for sex and race may help reduce the disparity in lifespan variability.
A new UTMB study found that most patients using epinephrine autoinjectors incorrectly, with only 16% using the device properly. Inhaler users also made significant mistakes, with 63% missing three or more steps. Improving patient training is crucial to maximize medication effectiveness.
A hospital-based exercise program improves quality of life for adults with arthritis by reducing pain, stiffness, and fatigue. The study found that participants experienced a significant reduction in muscle/joint pain and improved balance after completing the program.
A novel orthomyxovirus, Wellfleet Bay virus (WFBV), has been linked to cyclic mass mortality events in eider ducks on Cape Cod. The study found that WFBV is likely tick-borne and contributes to the deaths, but other factors such as parasitic worms and stress may also play a role.
Researchers found evidence of significant social clustering in the ongoing Ebola outbreak, which has implications for case reporting and public health. The analysis estimated that up to 70% of cases were not reported, significantly lower than previous estimates.
The study reveals that more active neurons respond to a broader receptive field and play a crucial role in our sensory perception. The researchers used optogenetic stimulation to activate specific thalamic nuclei, finding that the posteromedial nucleus (POm) elicits a stronger response.
A Cornell University study reports for the first time how arteries form in the embryonic gut and guide the development of the lymphatic system, providing a new avenue to explore treatments for cancer metastasis and gut-specific lymphatic diseases. The research links a master-regulator gene, Pitx2, to artery and lymphatic formation.
The remnants of Tropical Cyclone Bakung persist in the Southern Indian Ocean, with NOAA-NASA's Suomi NPP satellite monitoring its possible re-development. Fragmented thunderstorms were detected southeast and northwest of the storm's center, indicating unstable conditions.
A new platform called GUIDE-seq detects unwanted DNA breaks induced by CRISPR-Cas RGNs across the entire human genome. The method is sensitive enough to detect off-target sites at a frequency as low as 0.1 percent in a population of cells.
A new study from UCLA found that combining social media with behavioral psychology increased HIV testing rates among men who have sex with men in Peru. The Harnessing Online Peer Education intervention was more effective than traditional care through social media, suggesting a valuable tool in the fight against HIV.
A new study found that veterans with a diagnosis consistent with transgender status are more likely to have serious suicidal thoughts and plans, as well as attempt suicide. The group's suicide death rate is higher than the general population of veterans, but similar to those with serious mental illnesses like depression or schizophrenia.
A study found that caffeine's effects differ when consumed with or without sugar, causing varied physiological responses among individuals. The research measured heart rate and carbon dioxide production before and after consuming sugar, caffeine, or both.
A comprehensive review of recent studies provides insight into the causes and consequences of mild cognitive impairment (MCI), offering doctors and patients actionable advice. The guide highlights the importance of aerobic exercise, mental activity, social engagement, and stroke prevention in reducing MCI progression.
The study analyzed data from multilingual Twitter users and Wikipedia editors, as well as book translations in 150 countries. It found that a language's centrality in the network predicts its global fame, with some networks correlating better with certain measures of fame than others.
A new study found that American states with higher levels of law enforcement efforts, such as traffic stops and DUI arrests, experienced lower rates of drinking and driving. The study examined data from the National Roadside Survey and found a significant association between these measures and impaired driving prevalence.
A Rice University study examines how nanoparticles move through the food chain, tracing uptake and accumulation in plant roots, leaves, and caterpillars. The research found significant variation in nanoparticle accumulation rates based on surface coating types, with negatively charged particles avoiding clumping altogether.
A team of researchers led by Kent State professor Michael Strickland has developed an exact solution to a complex physics equation, enabling more accurate modeling of the universe's earliest moments and high-energy particle collisions. The breakthrough has far-reaching implications for fields like galactic structure, supernovae, and he...
The FASEB MARC Program has announced the winners of its travel award recipients for the APS Professional Skills Training Course. Eight students and postdoctorates from underrepresented groups received a total of $9,600 to attend the course in Orlando, FL.
Researchers at the Max Planck Institute found that a brain region called the lateral horn can categorize odors as good or bad and weak or strong. This ability is similar to the function of the amygdala in vertebrates, which evaluates sensory impressions and dangers.
A new study found groups of genes linked to imbalanced gut microbes in patients with IBD, offering a step toward developing targeted treatments. The research also confirmed the impact of antibiotics on gut microbiome imbalance, highlighting the complex interplay between genetics and environment.
A study by Mayo Clinic physicians found that high-definition optical lenses during colonoscopies can accurately evaluate polyps' precancerous or benign nature. The assessment was 96-97% accurate, potentially saving patients and healthcare systems substantial costs.
Researchers found that a past global warming period, the Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum, had two rapid carbon release events about 55.5 million years ago, releasing an average of 0.9 petagrams of carbon per year, similar to modern anthropogenic emissions.
Researchers found that rewarding children with gifts, giving gifts as a way to show affection, and punishing them by taking away possessions can contribute to later materialism. This can lead to an increased risk of marital problems, gambling, financial debt, and decreased well-being.
The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) is providing critical support to two new microgrid projects, receiving over $8 million in funding. These projects aim to develop commercially-viable standardized microgrid controllers that can provide a reliable, affordable, and sustainable electricity supply.
Scientists have discovered that a genetic mutation associated with type 2 oculocutaneous albinism blocks ion channels in melanosomes, leading to a lack of melanin production. The study provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying albinism and may inspire new treatment ideas.
Researchers at Nanyang Technological University have developed a self-tinting smart window that requires zero electricity to operate. The window can darken or brighten in response to environmental changes, promising significant savings on cooling and lighting costs.
The La Caixa Foundation is funding 46 PhD students at 18 research centres across Spain, including the Center for Genomic Regulation. The programme aims to train internationally competitive scientists.
Researchers use light to control neurons in genetically-engineered mice, allowing for precise detection of odor dynamics. Mice demonstrate ability to discriminate between dynamic activities, suggesting neural population dynamics play a crucial role in the sense of smell.
A recent study published in the British Medical Journal found that losing 10 kilograms of fat requires 29 kilograms of oxygen to be inhaled, producing 28 kilograms of carbon dioxide and 11 kilograms of water. Most doctors, dieticians, and personal trainers incorrectly believe that the missing mass is converted into energy or heat.
A study analyzed 45 top-grossing children's cartoons and found that key characters were twice as likely to die as counterparts in adult films. Grisly deaths, such as shootings and stabbings, were common in these cartoons.
A new real-time radiation monitor significantly reduces radiation exposure for medical workers during cardiac-catheterization procedures, resulting in a one-third decrease in radiation exposure. The device provides auditory feedback, enabling operators to take actions to reduce radiation exposure and adopt safer radiation practices.
A study found that entecavir significantly reduced the incidence of hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related hepatitis and HBV reactivation among patients receiving rituximab-based chemotherapy. The rates were lower in the entecavir group compared to the lamivudine group, with significant reductions in HBV-related complications.
Duke University scientists developed new forensic tracers to identify coal ash contamination in water and distinguish it from other sources. The tracers provide additional fingerprints that give regulators a more accurate tool to trace coal ash effluents to their source.
A small study by Johns Hopkins researchers found that dense bacterial mats called biofilms are present in the majority of colorectal cancers and polyps, particularly on the right side of the colon. The presence of these bacterial bunches may increase cancer risk and form the basis of new diagnostic tests.
A recent study published in the Royal Society journal Interface suggests that humans have evolved to rely too heavily on social information, leading to a decrease in responsiveness to changes in their environment. This phenomenon, known as herd mentality, can result in groups becoming less effective at making decisions.
Researchers from the University of Manchester believe rising sea levels, not direct competition with jaws, led to the extinction of jawless fish. The study found that these ancient fish were reliant on shallow water environments and ecosystems, which declined as sea levels rose.
Nadine Aubry recognized for innovative research in fluid mechanics, pioneering work on low dimensional modeling of turbulent flow, and invention of micromixers enabling efficient fluid combination at low cost
Children who actively participated in music classes showed greater gains in speech processing and reading scores compared to less-involved peers. Music training improved neural benefits in the same areas of the brain traditionally weak in disadvantaged children.
A study from Johns Hopkins Medicine found that people with less mitochondrial DNA in their blood are more likely to be frail and die earlier. The researchers hope to develop a test that can predict frailty and identify individuals who can benefit from lifestyle changes or medication.
Researchers found higher levels of education among those declared not criminally responsible for a crime and hospitalized. Additionally, incarcerated individuals with severe mental disorders had a greater history of suicide attempts and psychopathic traits, emphasizing the need for shared care models between legal and healthcare systems.
Using state-of-the-art sequencing technology, researchers identified thousands of differences in gene expression across six life stages and found that genes containing these regions were crucial to the maturation process of neurons during fetal development. The study's findings suggest a 'signature' found in cells from the earliest sta...
A low glycemic diet did not improve insulin sensitivity, lipid levels or blood pressure in a randomized controlled trial of 163 overweight adults. The study found that diets with high-glycemic index carbohydrates, such as the DASH diet, had similar effects on cardiovascular risk factors as those with low-glycemic index carbohydrates.
A study published in JAMA found that a low-glycemic index diet did not improve cardiovascular risk factors, such as blood pressure and lipid levels, or insulin sensitivity in overweight adults. The researchers also found that high-glycemic index diets had more negative effects on insulin sensitivity and LDL cholesterol levels
In a six-month trial, 49% of patients withheld clinically sensitive information from their healthcare providers. Patients sought control over who accessed their records, but doctors had mixed reactions. The study aimed to balance individual privacy with healthcare providers' needs for relevant data.
A new study found that Pacific oyster and Mediterranean mussel larvae are sensitive to the saturation state of seawater, which is lowered by increasing CO2 levels. The threshold for danger will be crossed decades to centuries ahead of when CO2 increases alone would pose a threat. Shellfish hatcheries alter water chemistry to create mor...
Researchers at NYU Langone Medical Center developed new technology that tracks eye movements to assess brain injuries, offering a potential biological marker for brain function and recovery. The study found abnormal eye movement ratios in patients with nerve damage or swelling in the brain, which were restored after surgery.
A combination of foundational policies and localized strategies can increase solar photovoltaic installations in any state. States with matching policy suites to their unique context have excelled, while economic factors must also be favorable for third-party ownership models.
The 2014 Monitoring the Future survey shows declining rates of teen prescription opioid abuse, cigarette smoking, and certain illicit drug use. However, e-cigarette use among teens is high and concerns remain about its health effects.
A new study identified different trajectories of alcohol-related blackouts (ARBs) in adolescents aged 15-19, finding that certain characteristics increase the likelihood of blackouts. The researchers recommend educating teens about the dangers of blackouts to modify their behaviors and prevent dangerous consequences.
Despite lingering issues of child obesity and poverty, the US sees significant advancements in safety, education, and stability for its kids. Test scores have risen, and more children are pursuing higher education and enrolling in preschools.
Researchers identified cocaine and amphetamine users as a higher-risk population for suicidal behaviour, with nearly six percent reporting a suicide attempt in the previous six months. The study suggests that stimulant drugs are associated with impulsive behavior and mood changes, which may contribute to the increased risk.
Researchers at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine have discovered a way to directly reprogram skin fibroblasts into functional melanocytes, the body's pigment-producing cells. This technique has significant implications for developing new cell-based treatments for skin diseases and screening strategies for melanoma.
A team of Dutch researchers analyzed reported cases of Nintendo-related injuries and found a range of problems including seizures, incontinence, and tendonitis. Most issues are mild, but playing for extended periods or without breaks can lead to more severe health consequences.
Researchers at the University of Michigan's CYGNSS satellite system will offer improved wind speed and storm intensity forecasts. The system could reduce forecast errors by 9 knots or about 10 mph, which is a significant improvement considering hurricane strength categories increase every 20 mph.
A UBC research team has found a genetic link that can prevent sun-induced skin aging by blocking the activity of Granzyme B, an enzyme that breaks down collagen. The breakthrough could lead to new treatments for various conditions, including heart attacks and lung diseases.
Scientists suggest rewilding crops by reintroducing lost genes to regain beneficial properties like disease resistance and higher nutritional value. However, these genetically modified organisms may face challenges for market penetration due to consumer concerns.
Research indicates that typical-looking faces are considered to be the most trustworthy, with a U-shaped relationship between face typicality and trustworthiness. The study's findings have important implications for understanding social perception, including cross-cultural perceptions.
A study published in the British Journal of General Practice found that GPs often do not refer patients for cancer investigations due to concerns about raising patient anxiety. Researchers suggest that GPs should consider discussing cancer possibilities with more openness and involve patients in the decision-making process.
Researchers explore how bacteria survive destruction from antimicrobial peptides and uncover a strategy that can be disabled. A two-component system helps bacteria remove antimicrobial peptides, blocking their bactericidal effect.
Suicides among white males have increased by 29.1% since 2006, accounting for nearly half of firearm-related deaths in 2012. Homicide rates among black men and women peak in early adulthood before falling steadily thereafter.
Researchers at Tufts University found that extra vitamin E protected older mice from pneumonia by regulating their immune system and reducing inflammation. The study shows promise for future research into the effects of vitamin E on human infections.
A study by University of Houston researchers suggests that activating intrinsic antioxidant pathways, such as Nrf2, could protect the kidney dopamine system and maintain normal blood pressure. The study's findings have significant implications for understanding and treating hypertension and other diseases related to oxidative stress.
University of Houston faculty members Allan Jacobson and Richard Willson have been named fellows of the National Academy of Inventors for their work on lithium batteries, catalysts, and nanotechnology. They are recognized for their innovations in areas such as patents and licensing, innovative discovery, and significant impact on society.
A woman with quadriplegia used her thoughts to control a prosthetic arm and hand, achieving 10-degree brain control and grasping various objects. The study's findings indicate that highly coordinated movement can be restored to people with paralyzed arms and hands.
Researchers found that methamphetamine users are three times more likely to develop Parkinson's disease than non-users, with women facing nearly five times the risk. The study suggests long-term effects of meth use may manifest years after initial use, leading to increased incidence in women.
Researchers Susan Alt and Timothy R. Pauketat have been awarded $640,000 in grants to continue their study of Cahokia Mounds, uncovering new insights into the history of civilizations. The projects focus on the role of religion in organizing complex societies, with a emphasis on archaeology, anthropology and cultural innovation.
A new study recommends that men in recovery from Ebola wear condoms for at least 3 months to prevent the sexual transmission of the virus. The researchers found that the virus persisted in semen for an average of 66.6 days, highlighting the need for further research into male survivors of Ebola.
A new study found that some employees respond positively to change in the workplace by implementing new methods or techniques, coaching team members, or establishing new goals. Experts say organizations should review their recruitment and selection processes to ensure compatibility between employees' values and work environment.
Research by Michigan State University scientists reveals a strong link between mothers' prenatal domestic abuse and postnatal trauma symptoms in their children. The study found that prenatal abuse can cause changes in the mother's stress response systems, leading to increased cortisol levels in the fetus.
A study published in Psychological Science found that people with extreme political beliefs are less influenced by outside information and more resistant to the anchor bias, suggesting they make more confident judgments. The results suggest that political extremists' strong belief in the superiority of their ideology may be a key factor.
A team of Chinese and Italian scientists have discovered a new species of blister beetle, Hycleus marcipoli, part of the understudied phaleratus group. The name 'Marco Polo' pays tribute to the collaboration during Ph.D. studies between China and Italy.
Researchers found that long-lasting hosts evolved more complex defenses against parasites, providing a survival advantage. The study used the Avida platform to model co-evolution between host and virus, revealing a surprising large proportion of 'switching' mutations in co-evolved hosts.
A study of 414 people with severe dementia and their carers found that depression was more prevalent in community-dwelling individuals (37%) compared to those in care homes (23%). The research suggests that better support for carers could help identify and cope with depressive symptoms in dementia patients.
OU professors Dr. Daniel Resasco and Dr. Paul Weigel have been named fellows of the National Academy of Inventors for their innovative contributions to fields like chemical engineering and biochemistry. Their research has led to significant advancements in industries such as energy, healthcare, and biotechnology.
Karen Burg, Kansas State University's vice president for research, has been named a National Academy of Inventors fellow for her groundbreaking work in bioengineering. Her research focuses on absorbable polymers, biofabrication, and tissue engineering, with applications in breast cancer treatment.
Research at Griffith University found that personality is more important than intelligence for achieving academic success. Conscientiousness and Openness are key personality factors influencing academic performance.
A study in Victoria, Australia found that towns with lower average incomes have a higher density of alcohol outlets, exposing residents to increased risk. This is consistent with retail market dynamics and the flow of populations between towns.
The expanded module will help high school students learn how land use impacts freshwater quality in their own geographic regions. The website, funded by a $2.9 million dollar grant, provides students with hands-on learning experience using real data and geospatial analysis tools.
Scientists have made the first definitive detection of organic molecules at Mars using NASA's Curiosity rover. The discovery suggests that ancient Martian environments may have provided a supply of reduced organic molecules for use as building blocks for life and an energy source.
Zhang will study synthetic regulatory systems to improve productivity in metabolic pathways with a $605,000 NSF grant. His research aims to create artificial biosystems for efficient production of biofuels and other chemicals from sustainable resources.
Michigan State University researcher Kelly Klump found a link between women's monthly hormonal changes and intensified body obsession, increasing the risk of eating disorders. The study suggests that cultural perceptions of increased food intake as negative can be detrimental, particularly during holidays.