Researchers at Princeton University used a computer model to explore water as it freezes, finding that it can exist in two liquid phases of different densities. The dual nature of water could lead to better understanding of how it behaves at cold temperatures found in high-altitude clouds.
The US is facing a severe shortage of cybersecurity professionals, with demand far outpacing supply, particularly in the federal government. The RAND Corporation study calls for reforms, including waiving civil service rules and increasing funding for education programs to address the issue.
Researchers estimate that medication management and counseling by a pharmacist can reduce readmissions by up to 20%. The study, funded by the National Association of Chain Drug Stores Foundation, pairs high-risk patients with community pharmacists to review medications and provide guidance on managing complex disease states.
Researchers mapped a gene variant among Greenlanders that markedly increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. The gene variant is primarily found in Greenlanders and explains 15% of cases in the country.
A study found that stories praising honesty, such as the tale of George Washington, inspire children to tell the truth. In contrast, cautionary tales like 'The Boy Who Cried Wolf' had no effect on honest behavior.
The SHINES project, led by UC Riverside Professor Jing Shi, will investigate new ultrathin films, nanostructured composites, and electrical signal transport. The four-year project aims to advance fundamental advances in energy production, storage, and use.
A new study suggests that bipolar children have unique brain activity patterns compared to adults, particularly in emotional face recognition and cognitive tasks. The research provides insight into potential targeted treatments for pediatric bipolar disorder.
Empa researchers have developed a microstructure that gathers sunlight on the photoelectrode surface, allowing it to absorb all the energy in the beam. This innovative structure is inspired by the eyes of moths, which collect as much light as possible while reflecting as little as possible.
Research reveals that nearly 70% of females ages 15-19 live away from their native villages, leading to a significant outmigration of young people from the highlands. This trend threatens to create graying ghost towns at the top of the world, with population decline predicted to reach 50-60% in the next five decades.
Researchers developed a new, non-destructive method to identify many types of inks on various papers and surfaces. The tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) technique can analyze organic colorants with high sensitivity and spatial resolution, making it suitable for preserving valuable cultural heritage treasures.
Researchers have discovered a new concept for particle separation, leveraging horizontal levitation of non-magnetic particles in a magnetic field. The technique exploits differences in density and magnetic susceptibility to separate glass and pyrite particles.
Researchers found that aircraft can contribute less to global warming by flying routes that avoid forming distinctive condensation trails, or contrails. By doing so, they emit more carbon dioxide but may have a smaller overall climate impact due to the cooling effect of contrails.
A randomized trial found that telephone-based weight loss advice reduced breast cancer recurrence risk by lowering weight and inflammation. Postmenopausal women with breast cancer who received lifestyle coaching via phone achieved comparable sustained weight loss to in-person consultations.
Understanding the structure and movement within molecular factories in microorganisms enables researchers to design and engineer systems for producing novel drugs. The discovery provides a blueprint for redesigning microbial assembly lines, holding promise for developing new medicines.
A study found that over 50% of minors have exchanged explicit text messages, with most unaware of the legal ramifications. Researchers highlight the need for education and specific laws to address this issue. The study revealed a significant relationship between awareness of legal consequences and sexting behavior as minors.
Families whose first child was diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder had lower birth rates compared to control families. Women who changed partners also experienced a stronger reduction in reproductive behavior.
Researchers developed a novel theory of how neurons work together during complex movements, revealing a balance between excitatory and inhibitory signals. The new model can accurately reproduce multidimensional movement patterns and may aid in the understanding of brain dynamics.
Researchers have developed a technique to produce soft machines made of elastic materials and liquid metals using a custom-built 3D printer. The technique enables the creation of strain gauges that can detect high strains and deform with almost any material, making it suitable for wearable technology and sensory skin.
The new journal, Research in the Mathematical Sciences, covers applied math, pure math, and theoretical computer science. It aims to publish high-quality original articles and seminal papers on emerging areas of mathematical research.
Two low-cost, car battery-sized Canadian nanosatellites are part of the BRITE-Constellation project, monitoring brightness and color variations of brightest stars. The satellites will uncover clues about star origins, including our Sun and Earth.
Researchers have discovered hundreds of non-coding RNAs in the developing and adult lungs that regulate gene expression by controlling DNA scaffolding. These 'genomic dark matter' RNAs, including NANCI and LL34, play critical roles in lung development and may underlie human diseases such as Brain-Lung-Thyroid Syndrome.
A new study suggests that blocking endocannabinoids, the brain's internal versions of marijuana's psychoactive chemicals, may trigger early Alzheimer's deficits. A-beta, a substance strongly suspected to play a key role in Alzheimer's, impairs learning and memory by blocking endocannabinoids' beneficial action in the brain.
A neuroscientist proposes a novel explanation for habituation, which allows the brain to filter out insignificant environmental stimuli. The 'negative-image model' explains how repeated activation of neurons leads to increased inhibition, altering responses in individuals with autism spectrum disorders.
A new study reveals that astrocytes can monitor and respond to nearby neural activity, but only when primed by the fight-or-flight chemical norepinephrine. This ability suggests that astrocytes may help control the brain's ability to focus.
The article highlights the persistent issues with STEM pipeline diversity, citing data showing that underrepresented minority students are less likely to graduate and enter STEM careers. Researchers Andrew G. Campbell and Stacy-Ann Allen-Ramdial propose four ideas to improve the pipeline, including aligning culture and climate, partner...
A study by Harvard Medical School found that antidepressant prescriptions for young people dropped after FDA warnings, leading to a relative increase in suicide attempts. The researchers suggest that better communication between the FDA, media, and physicians is needed to ensure patients receive appropriate treatment.
A new study published in Menopause found that calcium and vitamin D supplements can lead to high levels of calcium in the blood and urine in some older women. The risk was higher for those with lower initial calcium levels and increased age.
Researchers at the University of Leicester discovered that human sweat can corrode brass objects' antimicrobial properties within an hour of contact. This corrosion reduces their effectiveness in killing bacteria and other microorganisms.
The war on terror is incorporating medicine into warfare, undermining population health and exacerbating global health inequities. Humanitarian and health workers face profound moral distress due to being treated as tools in the war on terror.
Scientists at Southeast University propose a scheme to control optical steady behavior in GaAs quantum well structures via nonradiation coherence. The study reveals multi-stability and optical bistability, with the ability to convert between these states by adjusting phase differences in polarized electric fields.
The I-Corps at NIH pilot program aims to train business-minded biotech researchers to evaluate their scientific discoveries for commercial potential. The program will provide tools and resources to prospective entrepreneurs, including real-time interactions with potential customers and supplemental funding.
A recent study by Dartmouth-Hitchcock Norris Cotton Cancer Center found that 22 out of 552 women had their tumor type incorrectly classified using conventional HER2 testing. The study confirmed the importance of accurate HER2 testing, as incorrect classification can have significant implications for treatment decisions.
Researchers at Harvard University discovered that many birds targeted by the Common Cuckoo have evolved recognizable egg patterns to distinguish their own eggs from those laid by cuckoo cheats. These signatures provide a strong defense against cuckoo mimicry, helping host birds reject foreign eggs and protect their broods.
A UCSF study found that families with an autistic child are one-third less likely to have more children. The study analyzed California state health records and found that reproductive stoppage, or the decision not to have more children due to a genetic disorder, is a real phenomenon.
Researchers have discovered a new quantum mechanism that triggers the emission of tunable light at terahertz frequencies, enabling unprecedented efficiency. This breakthrough uses asymmetric 2D nanostructures to enhance light emission in a challenging spectral range.
Research from UT Southwestern Medical Center found that a level of 'healthy' inflammation is necessary to prevent fatty liver and metabolic diseases. Inflammation helps remodel fat tissue, preventing the buildup of excess lipids in other tissues.
A new study published in Neurology suggests that group doctor visits can benefit individuals with muscle diseases, improving their quality of life. Participants who received group visits scored higher on a quality of life test compared to those who had individual appointments.
Researchers discovered the protein SerRS acts as a brake on new blood vessel growth and pairs with c-Myc to promote proper vascular development. The study found that SerRS suppresses VEGFA transcription by recruiting SIRT2, a partner enzyme that had never been linked to angiogenesis.
Researchers have developed laser-written light-guiding systems for efficient commercial use. The technology allows embedding sensors, including temperature and biometric sensors, into Gorilla Glass to create new real estate in phones. This could enable secure transactions using infrared light and more compact devices.
Researchers at UEA identified a vulnerable gate in Gram-negative bacteria's outer membrane that prevents the transport of barrier-building blocks, making bacteria susceptible to death. This breakthrough could lead to new generation drugs targeting the protective barrier instead of the bacteria itself.
The Columbia Engineering team found a critical security problem in Google Play, where developers store their secret keys in their apps, making them vulnerable to malicious attacks. The discovery was made using a new tool called PlayDrone, which downloaded over 1.1 million Android apps and identified thousands of secret keys.
Researchers found that some bird species have evolved recognizable egg patterns, such as blotches and markings, to detect cuckoo eggs. These signature patterns provide a powerful defense against cuckoo trickery, increasing the likelihood of host birds rejecting foreign eggs.
Researchers found that people with a specific gene variation have lower blood lipids and a reduced risk of arteriosclerosis. The study, based on two large population studies, suggests that inhibiting apolipoprotein C3 could be an effective target for new drugs to prevent cardiovascular disease.
Researchers found opposing climate change patterns in middle latitude areas of the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. Stalagmites and flowstones showed growth during interglacial eras when it was warm and moist, contrasting with stagnation during glacial eras.
Researchers propose a public-private partnership to fund diverse drug-discovery projects simultaneously, increasing the chances of therapeutic breakthroughs. The model estimates a double-digit return on public investment over the long run.
Researchers reconstituted VcINDY into liposomes to analyze its properties as a transporter, providing insights into the cellular level functionality of SLC13 transporters. This study paves the way for targeting these transporters to combat metabolic disease and obesity.
The NIH 3D Print Exchange provides freely available files for custom laboratory equipment, bacterial models, and human anatomy prints, enabling medical research and innovation. The platform also features video tutorials and a discussion forum to promote collaboration and advance science.
SwRI-led CuSPP mission aims to measure Solar Particles and shock waves causing severe electromagnetic storms. The mission will provide critical measurements on hazardous charged particle populations accelerated at the Sun and interplanetary space.
Researchers have identified a key enzyme in the placenta that translates maternal stress into a reprogramming signal for the brain before birth. This enzyme, OGT, is linked to brain mitochondrial dysfunction, which may contribute to neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism and schizophrenia.
According to a study by the Conference of Social Councils, only 16% of Ph.D.s in Spain work in the private sector, significantly lower than the OECD average of 32%. The report highlights the need for greater cooperation between public and private institutions to increase research investment and competitiveness.
Researchers dispel the idea of evolutionary trade-offs between plumage and song in a large study of tanagers, a family of songbirds from Central and South America. The study found that some species can exhibit both flashy colors and complex songs without sacrificing one for the other.
Researchers tested the effects of commercial drinks containing nanoparticles on human intestinal cells, finding that they can interfere with digestion and potentially lead to poor digestion or diarrhea. The study suggests that nanomaterials from these products may be making their way into surface water, where they could harm aquatic life.
Research reveals eight spider families preying on fish worldwide, with diverse species adapting to aquatic environments to catch fish even larger than themselves. Semi-aquatic spiders possess powerful neurotoxins and enzymes to kill and digest their prey.
A new study found that job loss is associated with depressive symptoms in both the USA and Europe, but its impact varies by region. In America, job loss due to plant closure has a stronger effect on depression than in Europe, especially among those with low wealth.
Researchers discovered that trap-jaw ant species are expanding their territory in the southeastern United States. The study identified two new species, O. haematodus and O. ruginodis, which have spread across the Gulf Coast region, including Florida and Alabama.
A Swedish study using national patient registers found no link between ADHD drug treatment and increased risk of suicide attempts or suicide. Instead, researchers suggest that ADHD medications may have a protective effect against suicidal behaviors.
Researchers resurrected an ancient ancestor of a human protein and created millions of alternative histories to test the role of chance events in evolution. They found that two extremely unlikely mutations were necessary for the protein's modern-day function to evolve.
Xinyan Cui is leading a team to develop a biological coating for microelectrode arrays in brain implants, aiming to strengthen the connection between brain and machine. The coating could potentially extend the viability of neural recording by six months and improve the functionality of brain-computer interface technology.
A self-repairing mechanism known as neurogenesis partially counteracts neuronal loss in neurodegenerative diseases. Newborn neurons generated in the dentate gyrus integrate into brain circuitry, maintaining some functions at early stages of disease progression.
ASTRO Gold Medal winners Mary K. Gospodarowicz, Leonard L. Gunderson, and Nancy J. Tarbell will receive the award for their outstanding work in research, clinical care, teaching, and service. They have made significant contributions to advancing radiation oncology, improving patient outcomes, and promoting global health.
A new report provides a primer for doctors to effectively use clinical genome and exome sequencing in diagnosing rare childhood diseases. The technology has already identified the genetic cause of disease in about 25% of patients, including Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease and mental retardation.
A four-year survey collected 150 leaf litter samples across 6 natural reserves in China, revealing a significant latitudinal gradient in species diversity of Chinese litter-dwelling thrips. Thrips constitute up to 3% of total macroinvertebrate individuals in tropical and subtropical zones, but only 0.3% in temperate regions.
Researchers discovered a novel conceptual framework that explains how neurons establish spatial polarity and direction using netrin and Wnt signaling pathways. The study found that these pathways work redundantly in guiding cell migrations along different axes.
Researchers identified racial disparities in the use of sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) among black and white women with early-stage breast cancer. Black women were 12% less likely to undergo SLNB, contributing to higher risk for lymphedema compared to white patients.
Researchers developed a smart glass micro-iris that controls light entry with minimal power consumption, overcoming traditional mechanical blade limitations in camera-integrated devices. The device demonstrates improved depth of focus and optical contrast, paving the way for next-generation smartphone cameras.
Scientists identified a gene regulatory switch in cattle embryos that led to the reduction of toes and transformation into cloven hooves. The discovery provides insights into the molecular history of evolution in even-toed ungulates, shedding light on their unique adaptations.
Researchers found that providing in-hospital counseling and post-care support can lead to significant health system savings while increasing the number of quitters. The Ottawa Model for Smoking Cessation (OMSC) was shown to be a cost-effective intervention, generating benefits in terms of reduced hospital readmissions and deaths.
African-American barbers will be enlisted in the fight against hypertension through a new grant, which aims to train barbers to conduct blood pressure checks and steer patients to lifesaving medical care. The study aims to test the effectiveness of barbershop hypertension programs and their cost-effectiveness.
The demand for adult endocrinologist services is expected to surpass the available supply for at least the next decade. A growing shortage of endocrinologists is likely to worsen due to aging demographics and increased diagnoses of diabetes and hormone-related conditions, forcing patients to wait longer for appointments.
A study by Virginia Tech researchers maps cultural ecosystem services to guide landscape-level natural resource management. Key findings include environmental quality, accessibility, and fish abundance as primary factors influencing angler enjoyment, with social capacity low in coastal plain areas.
Research at Umeå University reveals that low cortisol levels increase the risk of depression in people with bipolar disorder. The study found that both high and low cortisol levels impaired mental health, with those having low cortisol levels experiencing a chronic state of the disorder.
A new noninvasive blood test detects increasing amounts of donor DNA in the recipient's blood, identifying heart-transplant rejection weeks or months earlier than biopsy. The test outperforms existing methods, including AlloMap, with higher accuracy and potential to revolutionize patient care.
A study found that young adult men who watched more violent TV showed less mature brain development and poorer executive functioning. The researchers measured mental abilities and brain structure using psychological testing and MRI scans, revealing a link between violent TV viewing and irregular brain development.
Research reveals a large diversity of spiders engaging in fish predation globally, with semi-aquatic species catching small freshwater fish. Spiders use powerful neurotoxins and enzymes to kill and digest fish, providing an occasional nutrient-rich prey item.
Researchers discovered four rare APOC3 gene mutations that lower blood triglyceride levels and reduce the risk of coronary artery disease by 40%. The study suggests a powerful strategy for developing new drugs against heart disease.
A new study from MIT reveals that the Tsimane' children's understanding of numbers develops through universal stages, with exposure to numbers playing a critical role in their learning process. The findings suggest that number learning follows a fundamental pathway, but the timing depends on the child's environment.
A new study found a surprisingly wide span of three months in leaf-out times among 1,597 woody plant species at eight botanical gardens globally. The observations suggest that species differences in leaf-out times could impact the length of the growing season and animal activities.
Despite vast genomic data, researchers from the University of Southern Denmark found that DNA sequencing alone cannot distinguish between pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria. The team suggests that proteins provide more valuable knowledge than DNA in understanding bacterial behavior and disease-causing properties. This raises questi...
A new survey of North Carolina doctors reveals concerns over the increasing number of requests to assess patients' competency for concealed weapons permits. Many physicians feel uncertain about their ability to make such assessments, leading to worries about the doctor-patient relationship and potential ethical consequences.
Researchers have made the first structural observations of liquid water at temperatures as low as minus 51 degrees Fahrenheit, revealing new insights into its molecular structure and behavior. This study opens a new window for exploring liquid water in extreme conditions, which is relevant to global ocean currents, climate, and biology.
Researchers develop device that spots lung cancer in exhaled breath, combining novel technologies for early detection and diagnosis. The breathalyzer test uses a nanotech chip to detect unique chemical signatures of lung cancer tumors, accurately distinguishing between benign and malignant lesions.
Researchers on the International Space Station made significant discoveries about the effects of microgravity on the human body, including protein crystal growth and wound healing. Their work has the potential to improve pharmaceutical treatments and advance our understanding of diseases.
Research reveals that Spanish slugs (Arion lusitanicus) are not native to Spain but originated in Central Europe, contradicting long-held assumptions. The findings highlight the need for reevaluation of EU regulations on invasive species and encourage a more nuanced approach to labeling non-native species.
Researchers at U of MD will implement genomic screening in various healthcare settings to detect monogenic diabetes, tailor treatments, and identify at-risk family members. The goal is to enhance diagnosis and treatment for individuals with genetic forms of diabetes.
Researchers analyzed data from over 112 women diagnosed with endometrial cancer, finding no association between soy food or isoflavone intake and the risk of endometrial cancer. The study's findings contradict previous research suggesting potential protective properties of soy foods against endometrial cancer.
UT Arlington researchers used a portable brain-mapping device to show limited prefrontal cortex activity among student veterans with PTSD during simple memorization tasks. The study found significant improvement in brain function after treatment, enabling mental healthcare providers to tailor treatment plans.
A new study by the University of Colorado Boulder found that children who spend more time in less structured activities are better able to meet their own goals and exhibit self-directed executive function. In contrast, those with more structured schedules have poorer self-directed executive function skills.
This special issue of Technology and Innovation explores the benefits of tech transfer to universities and its impact on rural regions. Key findings include the use of information technology in rural health care organizations and precision agriculture in the Northern Great Plains, which improves crop management and reduces waste.
A new study by Dr. Andrew Hudson and colleagues provides clues about the brain's processes used to navigate from unconsciousness back to consciousness after anesthesia. The researchers found that the brain activity occurred in discrete clumps, or clusters, and that certain patterns consistently occurred in anesthetized rodents.
Researchers developed a vaccine that triggered the growth of immune cell nodules within pancreatic tumors, reprogramming these intractable cancers. The vaccine, GVAX, consists of irradiated tumor cells modified to recruit immune cells, and boosted activity of molecular mechanisms that inhibit cancer-fighting immune cells.
Researchers honored for advancements in vaccine development, understanding spaceflight effects on human performance, and STEM education programs. The International Space Station provides a unique platform for scientific discovery and innovation.
A pioneering study aims to quantify eye movements and brain responses in adults with convergence insufficiency (CI) to understand the underlying mechanisms of vision therapy. The research hopes to lead to new therapies improving daily activities, such as reading comfortably for longer periods.
A new study has identified a defining characteristic of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) in CT imaging of hospitalized patients confirmed as having the disease. The most common CT finding is suggestive of an organizing pneumonia pattern, which can aid in early diagnosis.
Women aged 55 and under are twice as likely to suffer a heart attack, die, or require artery-opening procedures if they're moderately or severely depressed. The study found that each 1-point increase in depression symptoms is associated with a 7% increase in the presence of heart disease in women 55 and younger.
Clinical genome and exome sequencing is increasingly used to diagnose rare genetic disorders, but its limitations must be understood. Physicians should explore family history, conduct literature searches, and consider informed consent before ordering the test.
A new study reveals that childhood maltreatment is associated with cerebral grey matter abnormalities, leading to lasting changes in brain structure. The research found significant deficits in late-developing brain regions, indicating a potential link between adverse childhood experiences and long-term cognitive and emotional deficits.
Researchers at Scripps Florida have discovered how a specific genetic mutation damages the developing brain, leading to intellectual disability. The study suggests new possibilities for therapeutic intervention and highlights potential biomarkers for cognitive failure.