Researchers at Kiel University discovered primordial cancer in a primitive animal, Hydra, which provides crucial information to understand complex problems like cancer. The study confirms that tumours exist in evolutionary old animals and affect only female Hydra polyps, resembling ovarian cancers in humans.
A study by New York University's Center for Drug Use and HIV Research found that prior drug use is the greatest predictor of ecstasy use among US high school seniors. The study analyzed data from over 26,000 students between 2007-2012 and identified sociodemographic risk factors, including other substance use, income, and residence.
A new study reveals that existing protected areas are insufficient in safeguarding the world's most threatened species, with 85% of endangered mammals, birds, and amphibians unprotected. The authors recommend expanding protected areas to target high-threat species currently lacking protection.
A large retrospective study published in JAMA found that 3D mammography significantly increases detection of invasive cancers (41% increase) while reducing unnecessary recalls for false alarms. The technology also improves detection of all breast cancers by 29%.
Researchers developed a new method to predict disease progression by analyzing Denmark's entire population health records. The approach revealed surprising correlations between diseases, such as gout and cardiovascular disease, and showed that certain diagnoses are often followed by others in a causal sequence.
Researchers at Intermountain Medical Center developed a simple saliva test that uses a smartphone to quantify and interpret cortisol levels in five minutes. This new technology helps identify adrenal insufficiency, monitor cortisol replacement, and assess physiologic changes in adrenal function.
A team of University of Minnesota researchers used natural snow to measure airflow around large wind turbines, revealing significant differences in patterns at the large-scale compared to lab measurements. This technique is crucial for improving wind energy efficiency, which can reduce our reliance on fossil fuels.
Brain cancer specialists argue that current science is guiding compromising care, emphasizing the need for individualized treatment approaches. They identify five misconceptions that lead to poorer care, including assuming all tumor cell types act similarly and neglecting important biological differences.
A new clinical trial shows that Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery can help obese patients with Type 2 diabetes reduce their risk of heart disease. The study found significant weight loss and improved blood sugar control, blood pressure, and cholesterol levels in the surgical group compared to the lifestyle modification group.
The study found that adding tomosynthesis to mammography increased cancer detection rates by 27% and reduced false-positive results, while also decreasing unnecessary tests and biopsies. This technology has the potential to optimize patient outcomes from mammography screening.
The University of Illinois is involved in five newly funded Energy Frontier Research Centers, including the 'Center for Geologic Storage of CO2' which aims to reduce uncertainties surrounding carbon dioxide storage. The center will receive $2-4 million per year and involves a team of researchers from several academic institutions.
A 15-year study found that HIV-positive individuals with high CD4 cell counts had no excess risk of ischemic stroke compared to HIV-negative subjects. This suggests that maintaining immune function may protect against ischemic stroke.
The Pew Charitable Trusts has awarded 22 young scientists with funding to investigate pressing health problems through the Pew Biomedical Scholars program. This initiative supports top U.S. researchers at the assistant professor level, providing flexible funding for four years to seed innovation in their independent research careers.
Millennials prioritize taste, innovation, and environmental sustainability in their food choices. Companies are adapting to meet their demands by adopting socially responsible practices and incorporating customer feedback.
Researchers found that low levels of the stress hormone cortisol are strongly correlated with voting behavior, while age is also a predictor. The study suggests that biological factors can play a role in voter turnout, complementing social and demographic variables.
A new study by the Endocrine Society found that obese adults who lose at least 5 percent of their body weight report better sleep and mood after six months. The study also discovered that weight loss improves sleep quality and mood regardless of how the individuals lost the weight.
The American Dental Association has entered into an agreement with Elsevier to publish its flagship publication, The Journal of the American Dental Association (JADA), starting January 1, 2015. This partnership aims to enhance JADA's position among leading dental journals and accelerate its progress in advancing oral health.
A team of engineers developed an optimization algorithm inspired by salmon migration patterns, successfully solving 25 benchmarking problems and finding optimal solutions for laser setup. The Great Salmon Run (TGSR) algorithm outperformed conventional genetic algorithms in most cases, converging faster to optimal solutions.
MIT researchers have developed smart morphable surfaces that can change their surface texture to reduce drag and improve efficiency. By mimicking the effect of golf ball dimples, these surfaces can cut air resistance in half at lower speeds, with a reduction in drag very similar to that of golf balls.
A longitudinal study of 22 MS patients found significant declines in cognitive function, including processing speed and memory, over an 18-year period. The study provides valuable insights into the natural evolution of cognitive changes in MS.
The article highlights the dangers of new anti-homosexuality laws that restrict freedoms, healthcare access, and create a climate of fear. These laws can lead to increased rates of HIV transmission, torture, and murder of LGBTQ+ activists, underscoring the need for continued research and support.
Researchers at the University of Michigan have discovered that metal particles in memristors can migrate and form bridges between electrodes, allowing for more efficient chip design and potential advancements in memristor technology. The findings, published in Nature Communications, have broad implications for the semiconductor industry.
A study found that hematopoietic stem cell transplantation significantly improved long-term survival in patients with severe, life-threatening systemic sclerosis. In contrast, patients treated with intravenous cyclophosphamide experienced more adverse events and decreased overall survival.
A study by King's College London suggests that genes increasing schizophrenia risk also contribute to higher cannabis use. Individuals genetically predisposed to schizophrenia are more likely to use and consume cannabis in greater quantities.
A study found that a fifth of UK school age children visiting their doctor with a persistent cough could have whooping cough, even if they have been fully vaccinated. The research suggests that an adolescent booster vaccination is needed to protect against pertussis infection.
Researchers found that interfaith group prayers serve as a 'bridging cultural practice' in diverse organizations, promoting shared identities and unity. The study's findings suggest that embracing diversity and incorporating meaningful collective practices can lead to greater organizational effectiveness.
A recent study revealed that less than 25% of young adults with ASD secure employment, live independently, and possess adequate social networks. Cheak-Zamora's research aims to develop resources for youth, families, and health care providers to increase independence among young adults with autism.
Researchers at Mayo Clinic discovered that the NPTX2 gene is heavily involved in promoting clear cell renal cell carcinoma, the most common form of kidney cancer. The study reveals that NPTX2 plays a key role in this cancer type, which is resistant to chemotherapy and has a low five-year overall survival rate.
Researchers have discovered a partnership between MYC and non-coding RNA PVT1 that fuels cancer cells. This finding could lead to the development of drugs targeting PVT1, potentially controlling major cancer genes like MYC.
A majority of US consumers want to reduce their sugar and salt intake, with many prioritizing flavor and local sourcing. Food manufacturers are responding by lowering salt and sugar levels in products, reflecting changing consumer attitudes towards health and nutrition.
A study published in The Journal of Clinical Investigation reveals that the miR-130/301 microRNA family regulates diverse target genes, orchestrating a global proliferative response in diseased blood vessels. This discovery provides new therapeutic targets for treating pulmonary hypertension.
Researchers at National University of Singapore develop marked ghost imaging technology to secure stored or shared electronic data. The technology hides data contents in multiple foggy files, making it harder for hackers to access.
A new study found that chronic migraine significantly impacts family relationships and activities, causing feelings of guilt, anger, and annoyance towards family members. Chronic migraine is also linked to reduced quality time with partners and children, cancelled vacation plans, and avoidance of sexual intimacy.
A large-scale clinical study found that adults with Asperger Syndrome are nine times more likely to experience suicidal thoughts compared to the general population. The study also revealed a significant link between depression and increased risk of suicidal ideation in this group.
Patients who received regional anesthesia had a significantly lower length of stay (6 days vs. 6.3 days) than those who received general anesthesia, with no significant difference in 30-day mortality rates. The study also found poorer outcomes for nursing home residents following hip fracture surgery.
Three NYU faculty members, Agnel Sfeir, Ezequiel Arneodo, and Yuriria Vázquez Zúñiga, have been awarded by the Pew Charitable Trusts. They will conduct postdoctoral research in cancer and biomedical sciences, with a focus on novel therapies and scientific leadership development.
A recent study published in JAMA found that 3D mammography significantly improves detection of invasive breast cancers, reducing call-back rates by 15%. This technology has shown promise in improving breast cancer screening outcomes, particularly for younger women and those with dense breast tissue.
Researchers at Vienna University of Technology have developed a method to produce erythritol, a natural sweetener, from ordinary straw using genetically modified mould fungi. The process eliminates the need for expensive enzymes and molasses, making it more sustainable.
A study published in the Journal of Clinical Investigation found that engineered bacteria can prevent weight gain in mice by producing a compound called NAPE, which signals the brain to stop eating. Mice fed high-fat food with NAPE-producing bacteria exhibited limited weight gain and associated symptoms.
Researchers used geochemical fingerprints to reconstruct the history of the Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna delta, finding a history of mobile river systems that built the delta like a 3-D printer. This understanding is crucial for the 150 million people living on the delta, who face regular flooding and erosion.
Researchers found that competing with sheep had a far greater effect on Chamois than predicted effects of future climate change. The study reveals an alternative strategy to help threatened species adapt to climate change by restricting competitor expansion.
A new study found that gastric bypass surgery leads to a greater reduction in adverse effects of obesity on quality of life compared to intensive weight loss programs. Patients who underwent gastric bypass surgery lost an average of 64.4 pounds and reported a 60% greater reduction in diabetes-related problems.
Researchers analyzed data from 6.2 million Danes over 14.9 years to identify patterns and correlations between diseases such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The study provides insights into the complex interactions between genes, proteins, and diseases, paving the way for tailored treatment approaches.
The Pew Charitable Trusts has awarded research funding to 10 Latin American scientists through its Biomedical Sciences program. The fellowship provides flexible funding and networking opportunities to help early-career scientists develop skills and connections that will aid them in becoming scientific leaders in their home countries.
Researchers at University of Maryland School of Medicine will examine the role of kynurenic acid in schizophrenia, a devastating psychiatric disease affecting one percent of people worldwide. The study aims to uncover its potential linchpin role and develop new treatment interventions.
The article discusses the need for practical models of low vision to predict real-world object visibility, as well as research on increasing reading accessibility through electronic readers. Dr. Legge's work emphasizes the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration between researchers, developers, and design professionals.
Researchers developed a computer programme that recognizes facial features in photographs to diagnose rare genetic disorders. The algorithm improves accuracy by learning from a growing bank of photographs and identifying clusters of patients with the same condition.
A study published in Scientific Reports reveals that CCL2 can activate the JAK/STAT pathway and increase stem cell colony attachment, differentiation efficiency, and X chromosome reactivation. The researchers also found higher expression of genes related to hypoxic response, suggesting a potential link between cellular stress and pluri...
Creating and optimizing food for astronauts, soldiers, and individuals in extreme conditions is crucial. Researchers are working on developing lighter, tastier, and more nutritious prepackaged foods with longer shelf life to meet the needs of six-person crews on Mars missions.
Researchers found 82% of common bacteria on participants' fingers also present on their smartphones. Women were more closely connected to their phones than men, with the most commonly found bacteria including Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, and Corynebacterium.
Researchers discovered that cell division in mammalian cells synchronises with the body's daily rhythm, known as the circadian clock. This synchronization can help explain why people with disrupted circadian rhythms are more susceptible to cancer and may also inform an optimal timing for administering chemotherapy.
Soft coral tissue has been found to protect reef skeletons from declining pH levels, potentially providing a new approach to preserving coral reefs. The study, published in PLOS One, highlights the resilience of soft corals and their potential role in maintaining the health of coral reefs.
A University of Florida research team has identified the first known case of an equine influenza virus in camels. The discovery highlights the potential role of camels in the ecology of zoonotic diseases and raises concerns about public health.
A study of all adult deaths in English hospitals from 2010-2012 found that falls and healthcare-associated infections were the most frequent incident types, accounting for one in five reported deaths. Deficiencies in checking and oversight accounted for 11% of incidents, including medication errors and misinterpretation of test results.
Researchers discover synthetic triterpenoids suppress colon cancer onset by impeding inflammation and increasing 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase gene expression. Oral administration in mice shows promise for chemoprevention, with potential to delay or halt colon cancer development.
A study published in PLOS Biology found that many protected areas are established on low-value land, failing to protect endangered species. The researchers propose a 'happy medium' where countries can achieve significant biodiversity benefits with minimal lost-opportunity costs.
Researchers used experimental evolution to study E. coli populations under strong and mild antibiotic selection conditions. They found higher cross-resistance in strongly selected strains with increased pathway-specific mutations.
Research reveals how mutated OPHN1 protein disrupts AMPA receptor trafficking and synaptic plasticity, contributing to X-linked intellectual disability. The study provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying this condition.
Researchers at CU-Boulder and NCAR aim to reduce deadly air pollution from residential cooking using technology and behavioral change. They'll measure pollution levels in west Africa and assess health impacts on households using modern cookstoves.
A novel biomarker predicts which individuals will develop epilepsy after febrile seizures, according to a UC Irvine study. The diagnostic ability could lead to improved use of preventive therapies for the disorder.