Researchers at Brookhaven National Laboratory have made the first 3D observations of how a lithium-ion battery anode evolves at the nanoscale. The study reveals severe microstructural changes that reduce capacity and cycle life, but shows promise for increasing battery lifespan
Research by Queen's University Belfast predicts that invasive waterweeds will become more widespread over the next 70 years due to climate change. Four species are expected to establish in areas 38% larger than previously thought, posing a threat to global biodiversity and economy.
Scientists have developed a liver organ construct that responds to toxins like real human livers, paving the way for more accurate drug screening. The project aims to create interconnected human organ constructs using a miniaturized platform, potentially reducing costs and increasing efficiency in toxicology testing.
A new study has found that six massive glaciers in West Antarctica are losing ice at an unprecedented rate, causing global sea levels to rise. The amount of ice draining from these glaciers increased by 77 percent between 1973 and 2013, with Pine Island Glacier accelerating by 75 percent over the same period.
The study of natural history provides essential knowledge for various fields, including human health, food security, and conservation. However, support for this field has declined in developed countries, resulting in costly mistakes such as the collapse of fisheries and forest fire suppression.
Male stag beetles have enlarged heads and muscles to compensate for their oversized mandibles, allowing them to generate powerful bites. Their male bites are six times stronger than females', with a recorded strength of 7N.
Researchers from UK institutions released a treasure trove of data on the developing retina, pushing the boundaries of neuroscience publishing. The dataset includes 366 recordings from 12 studies and is made available in a standardized and interoperable manner, allowing for reproducibility and further analysis.
A study found that decreased exposure to air pollution after a coal power plant closed led to increased BDNF levels and improved developmental scores in children. Lower PAH-DNA adducts were detected in cord blood, indicating reduced exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
Virginia Tech researchers uncover complexities of the chemical spill, determining the odor threshold concentration of the trans-isomer to be 350 parts per trillion by volume in the air. This finding highlights the need for independent measurement of cis and trans isomers to understand their properties.
Immunotherapy has shown huge potential in treating lung cancer by preventing tumour cells from escaping the immune system. New data on immunocheckpoint regulators such as PD-1 and PD-L1 have resulted in impressive global overall response rates of 20% to 25%.
A study published by Helmholtz Munich researchers found that patients with good diabetes self-management have a significantly lower mortality risk than those with poor self-management. The study, which analyzed data from 340 participants, showed that active participation in treatment and lifestyle modifications can lead to better healt...
A study from Rice University found that consumers who shop for leisure travel during business hours tend to select higher quality hotels but are less satisfied with their stay. Consumers who book earlier and pay in advance also tend to be more satisfied.
Support for natural history study appears to be in decline in developed countries, despite its importance for human health, food security, and conservation. Experts are now calling for a revival of the practice to reclaim its role in understanding organisms and their interactions with the environment.
Researchers discovered that alligators use air-filled channels in their ear canal to amplify pressure differences, allowing them to pinpoint the source of sounds. This mechanism is similar to birds' interaural canals and may be an evolutionary adaptation from dinosaur ancestors.
The absence of coronin 1 protein causes significant learning deficits, aggressive behavior, and impaired neuronal activation. The protein plays a crucial role in linking extracellular stimuli to neuronal response, enabling efficient learning and memory.
Researchers at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory have identified a type of bacterial resistance that enables more efficient production of advanced biofuels. The discovery involves introducing a genetic module into E. coli bacteria, allowing them to grow in the presence of toxic concentrations of ionic liquids.
A study by Penn State researchers found that when cereal flakes are reduced in size, participants pour a smaller volume but still consume more calories. The researchers tested the influence of food volume on calorie intake and found that subjects underestimated their calorie consumption despite consuming larger volumes.
Scientists found that controlling oxygen and carbon dioxide levels can reduce injury in 'Honeycrisp' apples. Diphenylamine treatment effectively suppressed brown lesions, improving storage conditions.
Researchers at Washington State University have found that peach extracts can inhibit the growth of breast cancer cells and their ability to spread. The study suggests that these compounds could be a novel addition to therapies reducing metastasis risk in various cancers, potentially available as an extract or dietary supplement.
Researchers monitored Cuvier's beaked whales' record-breaking dives to depths of nearly two miles below the ocean surface and some dives lasted for over two hours. The dives captured by this study exceed previous records, including the mammalian dive record previously set by southern elephant seals.
Scientists discover that when one cell dies due to DNA damage, its neighbors are alerted and become harder to kill. This finding challenges previous views on apoptosis and could have implications for cancer therapy.
A new study by Nationwide Children's Hospital researchers has identified a potential culprit in the death of motor neurons in Lou Gehrig's disease. Inhibiting nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-ƘB) in microglia slowed disease progression by 47 percent, suggesting a new target for ALS treatment.
Researchers found that uric acid from urine combines with chlorine to form NCl3 and CNCl, potentially hazardous compounds. Swimmers can improve pool conditions by urinating in bathrooms, not in the pool.
A study found that electro-acupuncture at Conception and Governor vessels, combined with mesenchymal stem cell transplantation, promotes neurological function recovery and angiogenesis in rats after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. The researchers concluded that the combination has synergistic effects on promoting angiogenesis and recove...
Researchers discovered a less invasive technique for treating vulvar cancer, removing only the sentinel lymph node to decrease complications while maintaining low recurrence rates. The study, published at the Society of Gynecologic Oncologists meeting, included 73 women and found a 5.2% recurrence rate.
A new study led by Penn Dental Medicine researchers has reversed bone loss and inflammation in patients with leukocyte adhesion deficiency, a rare immune disorder. The breakthrough discovery identifies IL-17 as the key driver of periodontitis and bone loss in these patients.
Researchers Artur Ekert and Renato Renner propose a way to use quantum properties of particles of light to share secret keys for secure communication. They found that certain correlations can protect us against adversaries with superior technology, even if our choices are not completely predictable.
Astronomers have observed a miniature planet, Chariklo, with two rings of ice and pebbles located between Saturn and Uranus. The discovery was made using a new camera at the Danish telescope in Chile, which revealed two thin rings separated by 14 km.
Researchers at Joint BioEnergy Institute have successfully introduced a pair of genes into E. coli bacteria to confer tolerance to ionic liquids, enhancing the production of terpene-based biofuels. This breakthrough could eliminate a bottleneck in biofuels production and pave the way for more economical fermentation conditions.
A comprehensive atlas of human gene activity has been released, revealing complex networks that govern gene expression. The new findings could lead to a better understanding of the genetic causes of diseases and improve disease diagnosis.
Scientists used caffeinated fruit flies to map genetic variations associated with resistance to insecticides. The study identified two key genes that contribute to resistance, offering insights into developing more targeted and efficient pest control strategies. By exploring the genetics of xenobiotic resistance, researchers can uncove...
A new project, ATHENA, is developing four human organ constructs that mimic the response of actual human organs. The system, which includes a liver, heart, lung, and kidney, aims to provide a realistic and cost-effective way to screen new drugs and toxic agents.
ScanDrop, developed by Northeastern University professor Tania Konry, is a single instrument that conducts wide range of biological scans in reduced time and cost compared to industry standard equipment. The tool uses ultra-sensitive detection methods and less material to detect biomarkers signaling diseases such as diabetes or cancer.
Researchers at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution identified a core skin bacterial community shared by humpback whales across populations, suggesting a way to assess their overall health. The study's findings could aid in population health monitoring and conservation status of threatened or endangered marine mammals.
Researchers discovered fossils of Tamisiocaris, an early arthropod that evolved from large predators to gentle suspension feeders. This finding highlights the productivity of the Cambrian period and provides insight into ancient ecosystems.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins Medicine have developed a new technology that uses 3D MRI scans to precisely measure living and dying tumor tissue, allowing for more accurate predictions of patient survival after chemotherapy. The technology has been shown to improve survival rates by up to 19 months in patients with liver tumors.
A new study by University of Toronto researchers found that adult children with arthritis are more likely to have had a parent addicted to drugs or alcohol during childhood. The study associated parental addictions with a 58% higher odds of developing arthritis, despite controlling for other factors.
A new Capsicum annuum pepper germplasm has been released by researchers, providing a rich source of non-pungent capsinoids with antioxidant activity, enhanced adrenal function, and metabolism promotion. The high concentrations of capsaicinoids in the fruit facilitate its potential use in foods, pharmaceuticals, and research.
A mathematical model explains how high-rank individuals in hierarchical groups engage in seemingly altruistic behavior by competing with peers in other groups, leading to increased total group effort towards conflict. This behavior is linked to within-group hierarchy and inequality, observed in nature across various species.
Scientists used PET imaging to visualize copper distribution in the body of mice with Menkes disease, laying groundwork for human studies. The study found that combining copper injections with disulfiram enhances copper accumulation in the brain without kidney damage.
Researchers found that autism is caused by disrupted development of cortical layers in the brain, which leads to absent genetic markers and focal patches of abnormality. The study suggests that early treatment can lead to clinical improvement as the brain rewire connections to circumvent these defects.
A new five-year study aims to determine whether treating depression in patients with heart failure can help them live longer. The Hopeful Heart trial will include 750 participants who meet severity criteria for heart failure and screen positive for depression.
Researchers found de novo genes in female Drosophila flies that originate from ancestral non-coding DNA sequences. These genes appear to play a role in female reproduction and may have been previously overlooked in favor of male-biased gene expression.
A study recommends management practices to address citrus greening disease by monitoring phloem production in affected trees. The researchers found that new phloem tissue supports growth for a limited time, making the weeks before and after spring flush critical for management.
A new smartphone application appears to help patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD) reduce risky drinking days and promote abstinence. The Addiction-Comprehensive Health Enhancement Support System (A-CHESS) app provides audio-guided relaxation and alerts when a patient nears a high-risk location, leading to a significant decrease in ...
Researchers discovered that the p53 gene is hyperactive in stem cells when cellular damage is present, but not in other cells. This finding suggests that p53's tumor suppression ability may have evolved from its original role in regulating stem cell growth.
Research suggests that prenatal origin of autism is related to disorganized cortical patches in the developing brain. The study found a 91% absence of cellular markers for several cortical layers in autistic case samples.
The integration of whole-genome sequencing into newborn screening programs is a topic of debate among researchers. Key considerations include what information to report, impact on healthcare systems, mandatory vs voluntary participation, educating health professionals and parents, communicating results over time, ensuring treatment and...
Researchers found that vertical sleeve gastrectomy alters bile acids binding to nuclear receptor FXR, leading to weight loss and improved diabetes outcomes. Gut bacteria also change, with certain groups linked to Type 2 diabetes risk.
According to a new UT Dallas study, published in PLOS ONE, the legalization of medical cannabis has no correlation with increased crime rates. In fact, some types of violent crime, such as homicide and assault, may decrease after medical marijuana laws are implemented.
Researchers found that galanin plays a crucial role in stress mechanisms and influences depression risk, particularly in those with early life neglect or trauma. A new class of antidepressant drugs targeting galanin functionality may provide effective treatment options for patients.
The Sunday Driver gene is implicated in regulating muscle tissue formation and maintenance, with mutations leading to inherited muscle diseases such as Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy. Researchers found that the gene's product interacts with cortical factors to enable the motor protein Dynein to transport muscle nuclei into place.
A comprehensive 'roadmap' of blood cells has been presented by researchers, pinpointing the location of key genetic regulators that determine cell development and function. This robust genetic catalog will enable hematologists to trace the development of blood cells and identify potential triggers for malignancies.
Researchers discovered that cells use the cdr2p protein to probe their surface area and determine when to divide. The study challenges previous models suggesting that another protein senses cell length.
A new study identified genetic variants associated with increased risk of bladder cancer recurrence. Inheriting certain DNA sequences may affect a patient's prognosis, allowing physicians to tailor surveillance and treatment plans.
Researchers have engineered a bacterium to synthesize pinene, a hydrocarbon produced by trees that could replace high-energy fuels like JP-10. Boosting production six-fold over earlier efforts, the scientists believe they've identified major obstacles to overcome before pinene dimers can compete with petroleum-based JP-10.
Researchers at Plant & Food Research identified falcarinol-type compounds that inhibit transport mechanisms interfering with cancer chemotherapy. These compounds, found in carrots and parsley, may complement conventional treatments to deliver better results for patients.
Researchers argue that NHS patients' experiences are frequently overlooked and suggest a national institute of patient experience is needed to draw data together and implement improvements. The lack of evidence that collected data has led to better healthcare quality highlights the need for effective leadership changes.
Researchers have mapped the human genome's regulatory network, identifying promoters and enhancers that control gene expression in different cell types. This breakthrough provides insights into human evolution and the diversity of cell types, paving the way for new technologies and applications.
Researchers found that giant pandas possess functional sweet taste receptors and show a strong preference for natural sweeteners. The study used behavioral and molecular genetic studies to investigate the giant panda's taste preferences and diet selection.