Researchers pinpoint specific neurons where certain types of memory formation occur, a breakthrough that could help predict disease-damaged neurons in humans. The study used imaging technology to follow changes in the brains of live flies and found that certain dopaminergic neurons respond to elevated levels of cAMP.
Researchers found that rotavirus infection accelerates type 1 diabetes development through a bystander effect, where the immune system attacks insulin-producing cells. The study suggests that treatments targeting this immune response could be beneficial for preventing type 1 diabetes in children at risk.
Topological insulators exhibit metallic conducting states at their surface, with electron spin playing a crucial role. Researchers have discovered that light can systematically manipulate the spin of electrons in these materials, opening up new possibilities for optospintronic devices.
A new clinical trial will assess whether multi-family group treatment can help individuals with spinal cord injuries and their caregivers cope better. The two-year project focuses on providing psychological support and coping strategies to improve patients' quality of life.
A systematic review of 23 studies found that social support, mindfulness, and positive emotional outcomes are linked to better emotional adjustment in IVF patients. The study highlights the importance of coping strategies, personality traits, and social circumstances in predicting emotional outcomes during and after IVF treatment.
Researchers found that fewer than 30% of stroke survivors maintained consistent blood pressure control over time. Maintaining controlled blood pressure can reduce the rate of a second stroke by as much as 54% in individuals with elevated blood pressure at baseline.
A new study on Michigan's smoke-free indoor air law found a statistically significant reduction in cardiovascular disease and death with related hospitalizations decreasing by 2.03 percent after the ban implementation.
A team of researchers identified two biomarkers that accurately predict a patient's response to radiation therapy, offering new hope for personalized treatment. The study published in the European Journal of Cancer found these markers can help avoid unnecessary side effects and reduce morbidity.
Researchers found that five out of 22 patients implanted with total artificial hearts survived until they could receive a heart transplant, with four successfully undergoing transplants and 13 still alive waiting for donor hearts. The study suggests the device may help improve patient outcomes for those in end-stage heart failure.
Researchers from Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona have achieved a groundbreaking quantum entanglement with a minimum of 103 dimensions using only two particles. This breakthrough enables the creation of highly complex states that can facilitate experimental development of quantum computers and enhance cryptography security.
Researchers found that the circadian clock network in fruit flies consists of many independent clocks, each driving activity rhythms. This organization may also apply to mammals, with implications for alleviating adverse effects associated with circadian disorders.
A study by American Psychological Association found that military men experience more distress and work performance problems due to sexual harassment than women. The researchers also discovered that men may be less able to cope with the emotional impact of such incidents.
Researchers found a previously unknown binding interface between Bcl-2 and NAF-1 proteins, which could be addressed by medication. The study's findings have implications for treating cancer and age-related diseases.
The new animation shows the movement of storms from January 1 to March 24, revealing why the US East Coast had a snowy winter. The region experienced record snowfall, with cities like Boston and Washington D.C. receiving significantly more than their average winter snowfall.
A faster and cheaper DNA sequencing technique, NGS, will improve care for patients with breast cancer by providing genetic mutation results before treatment begins. This may lead to more women opting for mastectomy instead of breast-conserving surgery, highlighting the need for close monitoring of at-risk patients.
A team of biology students from Universiti Malaysia Sabah and Naturalis Biodiversity Center discovered a new spider species during their Tropical Biodiversity field course in Malaysian Borneo. The students created a makeshift taxonomy lab, wrote a joint publication, and sent it to a major taxonomic journal for review.
Childers has implemented a surgical safety checklist in South Carolina hospitals, reducing preventable readmissions and improving patient outcomes. The checklist's effective use can transform organizational culture and improve patient safety in operating rooms.
Researchers found that 69% of Exhibit sites use the JSON format for storing data, and users often exploit complex relationships among data beyond spreadsheet capabilities. The study suggests that spreadsheet designers should offer tools to make it easier for novice developers to organize their data in more sophisticated ways.
Researchers identified two adult cancer drugs, pemetrexed and gemcitabine, with potential to improve treatment of high-risk childhood brain tumors. The combination doubled life expectancy of mice with human group 3 medulloblastoma, a subtype with the worst prognosis.
Researchers found Gen X has significantly poorer health status, higher obesity rates, and no difference in physical activity compared to Baby Boomers. The study suggests drastic lifestyle changes, such as increased sedentary behavior and access to unhealthy food, contribute to earlier development of age-related conditions.
A team of researchers found that ancient domesticated African cattle originated in the Fertile Crescent region nearly 10,000 years ago. The genetic history of 134 cattle breeds worldwide reveals mixing and admixture between native and imported breeds.
A study by the University of Warwick found that sleep quality is a key driver of daytime physical activity in chronic pain patients. Engaging in physical activity can be a crucial treatment process for managing chronic pain. By improving sleep quality, sufferers may overcome their motivation to stay inactive due to pain.
Researchers discovered that male big brown bats use uniquely distinctive calls to signal they want a meal, while females primarily forage near family members. These social calls were previously unknown and have been found in over 96% of recorded instances.
A new system can monitor lubricating oils, hydraulic oils and other fluids in industrial installations without interruption, predicting the best time for an oil change. The compact sensor system uses optical methods to measure the oil's chemical makeup and particle loading, reducing environmental impact and unnecessary costs.
Researchers at Queen's University Belfast have discovered a link between high levels of oestrogen and DNA damage in breasts and ovaries, driving cancer in women with the BRCA1 mutation. This breakthrough could lead to alternative treatments to surgery, such as drugs that chemically reduce oestrogen production.
Researchers analyzed data from a center for professionalism and peer support at Boston's Brigham and Women's Hospital and found that employees continued to turn to the center for help, citing concerns about physician/scientist behavior. The interventions used were successful in creating substantive changes in behavior.
Male big brown bats emit a unique 'back off' call, dubbed FMB, which warns other bats to keep away from claimed prey, increasing the caller's success in snagging insects. The call is only emitted by males and helps establish dominance or claim territory.
Researchers at Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft have developed systems to process large amounts of industrial data, increasing plant availability and reducing energy consumption. By analyzing data in real-time, operators can quickly identify and eliminate disruptions, optimizing production processes.
A team of researchers has developed a new generation of therapeutics against West Nile virus using tobacco plants. The monoclonal antibodies were shown to be effective in protecting mice from lethal doses even up to 4 days after infection.
Research found that public smoking bans led to a 10% decrease in preterm births and hospital admissions for childhood asthma. The study analyzed data from over 2.5 million births and 250,000 asthma-related hospital visits, demonstrating the positive impact of smoke-free legislation on child health.
A pooled analysis of studies found that adherence to the Mediterranean diet reduced diabetes risk by 21%, with an even greater reduction in those at high cardiovascular risk. The diet, rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and healthy fats, may also help prevent obesity-related complications.
Researchers have developed a simple blood test that can predict if a child will become obese based on epigenetic switches in the PGC1a gene. The study found that a rise in DNA methylation levels at age 5 was associated with up to 12% more body fat at age 14, regardless of physical activity or puberty timing.
A team identified p38 as a dual role in colon cancer, both protecting the epithelial barrier and promoting tumour growth. Treatment with a p38 inhibitor reduced tumour size in mice.
Researchers at the University of Notre Dame have developed the largest data set on developmental proteomics for any organism, analyzing nearly 4,000 proteins in African clawed frog embryos. The study reveals unexpected discordance between messenger RNA and protein levels, shedding light on key events during early development.
The FANTOM project has published an exhaustive map of specificities in gene expression, revealing the first nucleotides of messenger RNA to identify where genes start synthesizing proteins. This study provides insights into how genes are regulated in different tissues, with implications for understanding diseases such as Parkinson's
A receptor called B7-1 is expressed by kidney cells during the progression of diabetic nephropathy, and targeting this receptor with abatacept helps to maintain kidney function in mice. The study suggests that clinical trials should be designed to test abatacept in diabetic patients.
A study of 45 recreational male runners found that marathon training reduced bad cholesterol by 5%, triglycerides by 15% and improved heart health markers, including a 4% increase in peak oxygen consumption. The training program led to significant changes in key cardiovascular risk factors.
The Hub's interdisciplinary group will investigate the health implications of states of rest and noise, tumult and stillness, with a focus on transforming how we understand rest in modern life. The £1 million project aims to create new possibilities for people from all backgrounds to find rest in busy cities.
Research from Tel Aviv University reveals that current downsizing policies are reducing managerial diversity and increasing racial and gender inequalities. The study found that companies using tenure or position as core criteria for downsizing minimized the share of white women in management positions by 25 percent.
Scientists have developed a method to freeze testicular tissue in boys undergoing chemotherapy and radiation treatments for cancer, allowing them to preserve fertility. The study found that cancer cells were eliminated during the process of reproducing sperm-producing stem cells, making this option safe for future use.
Researchers have gathered data on Arctic tundra ecosystems, revealing temperature's decisive role in shaping food chains and ecosystem function. The study also highlights the importance of predation in regulating energy flows and ecosystem dynamics.
A new method for studying the relationship between skin cells and good bacteria was developed, revealing certain bacterial communities alter HIV's ability to infect. The discovery has potential applications in understanding how vaginal products interact with good and bad bacteria.
Researchers have developed a novel method to distinguish between different types of bowel disease using stool samples, with an overall accuracy of 76%. The technique uses volatile organic compounds emitted from the samples to provide a unique profile for each condition, offering a cheaper and quicker alternative to current methods.
New research shows methane emissions from microorganisms in lake sediment and freshwater wetlands will increase several times as temperatures rise, outpacing CO2 emissions. The study provides a measurement scientists can use to model methane's contribution to climate change.
Insects' sense of smell crucial for survival; recent study shows odorant receptors emerged long after terrestrial adaptation. The first insects were not yet able to smell well, with their complex olfactory systems evolving after the development of flying ability.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of published studies on antidepressants in pregnancy found a strong association between their use and increased preterm birth rates. The study suggests that antidepressant medications may be contributing to the rising trend of preterm births, which can lead to significant health problems and costs.
The National Cancer Institute has awarded a three-year grant of $2.2 million to Professor Yijun Ruan for his research on noncoding RNAs in cancer and other diseases. The grant aims to identify novel ncRNAs and their interactions with DNA, which could lead to diagnostic biomarkers and new genomic therapeutic targets.
A new study finds that air pollution from traffic dramatically increases the odds of hospital readmission for asthma among white children. In contrast, black children were not found to have increased risk despite having higher rates of asthma readmission overall.
A study in the Gabayan watershed, Philippines, found that agroforestry reduces sediment yield by 20% and increases income for farmers. Agroforestry also helps communities adapt to climate change by improving water management and ecosystem services.
A recent study published in Annals of Emergency Medicine found no correlation between painkillers, including opiates, and patient satisfaction scores in emergency departments. Instead, factors such as increasing age and male gender were linked to higher satisfaction scores.
Narine Sarvazyan invents a new organ, the 'mini heart', made of cardiac muscle cells, to help return venous blood flow. The cuff can be created from patient's own adult stem cells, eliminating rejection risk and treating chronic diseases like venous insufficiency.
A team of researchers has discovered a cellular factor called Rif1 that regulates the timing of DNA replication, ensuring proper cell division and preventing tumor formation. The study suggests that Rif1 prevents 'DNA replication stress', a process causing genome instability.
Researchers at NYU Langone Health have synthesized a fully functioning chromosome in yeast using computer-aided design, overcoming the biggest hurdle in synthetic biology. The seven-year effort built a chromosome with over 270,000 base pairs, enabling new capabilities and traits in yeast cells.
A new study reveals a significant disparity in heart attack mortality rates between regions of the US, with the South experiencing the highest death rates. The research suggests that socioeconomic and lifestyle factors, including lower median household income and unhealthy habits, may contribute to this disparity.
A new collaboration enables immediate access to taxonomic research and underlying data, reducing 'shelf life' from 21 years to weeks. The system facilitates data sharing and preservation, addressing 80% of scientific data loss within 10 years.
Researchers at the University of Cincinnati have discovered that gastric bypass surgery leads to excessive post-meal insulin response in a subset of patients, characterized by altered islet cell function and reduced insulin clearance. This study sheds light on mechanisms of glucose metabolism alterations following gastric bypass surgery.
Researchers found that Kaixin Jieyu Fang reduces cerebral white matter damage by increasing Bcl-2 protein and mRNA expression, while decreasing Bax protein and mRNA expression. This compound may provide a potential therapeutic approach for treating vascular depression through its protective effects on the brain.
The Brain & Behavior Research Foundation has awarded $4 million in NARSAD Grants to 40 mid-career scientists from around the world. The grants will fund basic research, new technologies, and next-generation therapies for schizophrenia, major affective disorders, and other serious mental illnesses.
The CYGNSS mission will determine how a tropical cyclone forms and strengthen, improving hurricane forecasting and tracking. NASA has given a preliminary go-ahead to proceed with instrument development and launch of the hurricane-studying mission's eight microsatellites.
A recent study found that sugary drinks significantly contribute to obesity among teenagers in British Columbia schools. Students consuming these drinks regularly were more likely to be obese, highlighting the importance of school food environments promoting healthy eating habits.