A Northwestern University research team has created a new type of CNT solar cell that absorbs more sunlight, increasing efficiency by a significant margin. The polychiral CNT mixture is able to capture a broader range of solar-spectrum wavelengths, including near-infrared light.
GeroScopeTM is a system that evaluates age-related changes in human tissue and predicts the efficacy of drugs with known molecular targets. The technology will be presented at the FEBS-EMBO 2014 Conference, allowing delegates to learn about its functionality.
A study by Massachusetts General Hospital found that 40% of cannabis-using adolescents experienced withdrawal symptoms, despite widespread perception of cannabis as nonaddictive. The presence or absence of withdrawal did not affect long-term treatment outcomes.
Researchers at UT Dallas have won nearly $1 million in defense grants to develop high-frequency integrated circuit design equipment. The instrumentation, including a hybrid load pull system and a millimeter wave antenna measurement system, will be available for use by TxACE members and outside industrial users.
A new synthesis method enables the creation of nanostructures that efficiently split water into hydrogen fuel using sunlight. The approach allows for the design and construction of higher-order nanostructures with specific symmetries or shapes, enabling potential applications in quantum computing, sensors, and clean energy.
Scientists have found that Pseudomonas aeruginosa colonizes the nasopharynx before migrating to the lungs, leading to chronic infections. This new understanding provides an opportunity for developing treatments at the initial site of infection.
Researchers at Duke University have made a surprising discovery about the role of calcium in pain sensation using Caenorhabditis elegans worms. Calcium flow through pain-sensing channels helps worms adapt to repeated painful stimuli by desensitizing them, suggesting a potential survival advantage.
Researchers at the University of Granada found that hyperproteic diets can maintain better bone properties than normoproteic diets. Soy protein supplements were shown to be more beneficial, increasing calcium content in bones by up to 7%.
A study suggests that the hippocampus plays a crucial role in the development of Huntington's disease cognitive decline. Researchers found increased expression of p75NTR in the hippocampus, leading to reduced dendritic spine density and memory defects.
According to a study by American College of Emergency Physicians, discharged patients often return to the emergency department because they're anxious about their symptoms. The main reasons cited are fear or uncertainty about their medical condition, distrust in the healthcare system, and difficulties accessing care due to lack of insu...
A large study found that breast cancer patients with bilateral mastectomy did not have better survival rates than those who underwent lumpectomy plus radiation. The study analyzed nearly 190,000 California women and found a slightly lower survival rate among those who had unilateral mastectomy.
Researchers found media coverage of a South Korean actress' suicide led to a surge in 80 times more suicide-related articles. The study estimated 430 excess suicides in the 4 weeks following her death.
Researchers at UO and LBNL create self-assembling, synthetic proteins called peptoid nanosheets that mimic complex biological mechanisms. The new technique enables the production of versatile peptoid nanosheets for various applications.
New research found an epigenetic link between a mother's diet and an offspring's risk of future obesity. Excess methylation on the Pomc gene blocks its expression, leading to delayed satiety response and increased food intake.
Researchers at Joint Quantum Institute develop universal theory for Efimov states, enabling prediction of chemical processes involving three or more atoms. The new theory successfully incorporates short-distance regime and van der Waals force, predicting a series of Efimov states with varying binding energies.
A Mayo Clinic study found that patients with poor quality of life before cancer surgery are nearly three times more likely to experience serious postoperative complications. Addressing these quality-of-life issues may reduce stress, speed recoveries and save healthcare costs.
A NYU study found that young adult non-medical prescription opioid users are at high risk for overdose due to their lack of knowledge about overdose awareness, avoidance, and response strategies. The study highlights the need for education about naloxone and overdose prevention services for this population.
Yale Cancer Center researchers have found that lupus antibodies can selectively attack and kill cancer cells with defective DNA repair mechanisms. The study, led by James E. Hansen, suggests that harnessing these antibodies could be a new approach to targeted cancer therapy.
The ROCKET AF trial found that digoxin use was associated with a 22% increased risk of death due to any cause and a 22% increased risk of death due to cardiovascular events. In complex atrial fibrillation patients, doctors should proceed with caution when using digoxin.
The Center for Theoretical Biological Physics at Rice University has received a five-year, $11.75 million grant from the NSF to support its work on applying physical science to new aspects of the natural world. Researchers will develop concepts, models and methods that quantitatively describe processes in living systems.
A meta-analysis of 112,000 participants found that childhood trauma significantly increases the risk of obesity in adulthood. The study revealed a 34% higher risk among adults who experienced abuse as children, with physical and emotional abuse leading to increased risks of 28% and 36% respectively.
A third of the world's population uses plant-based solid fuels for cooking, heating, and lighting, resulting in high levels of household air pollution. The Commission concludes that an estimated 600-800 million families worldwide are at increased risk of illnesses such as respiratory tract infections and lung cancer.
A recent study found that males with more masculine faces tend to have lower semen quality due to increased testosterone levels impairing sperm production. Males often overestimate the attractiveness of other men to females.
A study of 347 professional baseball pitchers found that those with weak core stability were more likely to miss 30 or more days in a season due to injury. Pitchers with better lumbopelvic control showed less tilt and missed fewer days, suggesting improved performance and reduced risk of injury.
A new study published in Journal of Evolutionary Biology found that natural oceanic barriers significantly influence linguistic diversity by reducing contact between speech communities. As a result, spatially isolated languages gradually diverge from each other.
Researchers at Case Western Reserve University are studying ways to make solid oxide fuel cells last longer and more efficiently. They will test small lab-scale fuel cells under accelerated ageing conditions to identify the culprits behind performance loss.
A simple awareness campaign in general practice identified new cases of AF, with 129 patients receiving treatment to reduce stroke risk. The campaign used a dedicated questionnaire to detect irregular pulses and symptoms suggestive of AF.
Bariatric surgery has been shown to prolong life and prompt reductions in weight and associated conditions like diabetes and heart attacks. However, the long-term effectiveness of different procedures is unclear, and more research is needed to standardize reporting and design trials.
Researchers found that fibronectin can switch its function from stopping bleeding to preventing overactive blood clots, which could improve results from transfusions.
A study on the Gulf of Mexico microbial communities revealed significant changes in population sizes and community structures after the 2010 Macondo blowout. Oil-degrading microbes were found to persist even after the dissipation of the initial plume, while large flocs of marine "snow" formed rapidly and settled near the wellhead.
The University of Houston researchers focused on what students need to succeed in the future, identifying three key themes: a shift in power balance towards students, blurred lines between aspects of student life, and the impact of information and communication technologies. They also highlighted eight major needs for the future, inclu...
The ASHG/NHGRI Genetics and Education Fellowship aims to help early-career geneticists expand their skills and network for a career in genetics education. Ms. Tuck's diverse experience will be leveraged to address challenges in genetics education.
Air pollution regulations in Taiyuan, China have reduced the cost of loss of life and disability by over 50% since 2001, resulting in 2,810 fewer premature deaths. The study also found significant reductions in hospital admissions, outpatient visits, and cases of bronchitis.
A prospective intervention study in Niger found that combining supplementary food with a cash transfer reduced rates of child malnutrition. The study compared the effectiveness of seven preventative strategies and found that the combination of food supplements plus cash was most effective in preventing acute malnutrition.
New research reveals that capturing ordinary experiences can lead to pleasurable rediscoveries in the future. Studies show that people underestimate the value of everyday events, leading to missed opportunities for enjoyment. By documenting mundane moments, individuals can give their future selves the joy of rediscovery.
Researchers at Georgia State University have been awarded $1.5 million to develop software tools that can process large sets of solar astronomy data, enabling scientists to perform analyses on unprecedented scales and detail levels. The software improvements will allow the solar community to pursue a wide range of research projects and...
A new NYU study found that teen alcohol consumption is linked to unsafe driving and compromised relationships with peers, while marijuana consumption compromises relationships with authority figures. Marijuana use also leads to lower school or job performance and increased regret.
A randomized controlled trial found that melatonin supplementation had no effect on reducing delirium in elderly patients undergoing hip fracture surgery. The study suggests that melatonin may not be effective in preventing postoperative delirium, and further research is needed to compare its effects with antipsychotics.
Researchers found that macrophages from the lungs of old mice had different responses to infections than those of young mice, but these changes were reversed by ibuprofen. The study suggests that reducing inflammation with diet, exercise, and/or drugs may help prevent or reduce diseases in the elderly.
The HARVEST study found that coffee drinking increased the risk of prediabetes in patients with hypertension, particularly those who were slow caffeine metabolisers and overweight or obese. Moderate coffee consumption also heightened this risk, whereas heavy coffee drinkers only saw an increased risk if they were slow metabolizers.
Researchers in Guangdong, China have developed a new non-invasive method to screen for prostate cancer using surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy combined with support vector machine (SVM) analysis. The technique achieved an accuracy of 98.1 percent in identifying cases of cancer.
Women with mechanical heart valves are at high risk of thrombotic complications, haemorrhagic events, and late foetal loss during pregnancy. The study found that 1.4% of pregnant women with a mechanical valve died, while nearly 20% lost their baby.
Scientists at UC San Diego have identified the UBC13 enzyme as a key regulator of breast cancer metastasis, allowing them to potentially block the spread of the disease. The study found that inhibiting this enzyme may prevent metastasis in breast cancer cells.
Long-lived diving birds experience declining blood oxygen stores, resting metabolism, and thyroid hormone levels with age. Despite these physiological changes, their diving performance remains unchanged.
Research led by Kate Wolin found that physically active men were 13% less likely to report nocturia and 34% less likely to experience severe nocturia compared to inactive men. The study suggests that physical activity may provide a strategy for managing BPH-related outcomes, including nocturia.
Researchers discovered evidence of Sahara dust affecting Lake Rio Seco in Sierra Nevada 11,000 years ago, indicating a relatively humid period during the Holocene. The study also revealed an aridification tendency and increased atmospheric dust fall in the Iberian Peninsula.
The Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging has announced the 2014-2016 Wagner-Torizuka Fellowship recipients, which provide two-year fellowships to support Japanese physicians in early stages of their careers. The fellows focus on functional imaging using modalities such as PET/CT and SPECT/CT to elucidate pathophysiology of...
The Life Sciences Discovery Fund awarded nearly $750,000 in Proof of Concept grants to Washington state organizations to translate health-related technologies from the lab to the marketplace. Funding supports development of products for lupus treatment and at-home lung function monitoring.
A recent study published in Early Human Development found that pre-term children's mathematical abilities are significantly impacted by the duration of their hospital stay and the use of mechanical ventilation. The research suggests that these factors can be key indicators of future math problems for preterm children.
A recent study published in PLOS Medicine found that children who regularly consumed a healthy breakfast had lower levels of known diabetes risk factors, including fasting insulin and glucose. The researchers also discovered that consuming high-fiber cereal for breakfast was particularly protective against insulin resistance.
A recent WSU study found that participants were more likely to feel threatened by black people and take longer to shoot them than white or Hispanic suspects. The findings contradict public perception and previous studies, which suggest police are more willing to shoot black suspects.
The study found that clinical variables explained over 80% of non-adherence to heart failure guidelines, with health structure characteristics playing a significant role. Countries with incentivized programs and high numbers of general practitioners per population had higher adherence rates.
A study published in Yale's Journal of Industrial Ecology found that Blu-ray Discs delivered via retail stores caused lower carbon emissions than game files downloaded over broadband Internet. The majority of emissions resulted from gameplay, production, and distribution.
A new study found that residency training in locations with less intensive practice patterns is associated with better clinical decision-making. Physicians trained in these environments consistently scored higher on a management exam subscale, indicating their ability to make conservative decisions without sacrificing patient outcomes.
A study published in The FASEB Journal identifies a salamander skin peptide called tylotoin that promotes wound healing by enhancing keratinocyte proliferation and releasing essential growth factors. This discovery could lead to the development of new treatments for human wounds.
Experts agree on a new term, Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause (GSM), to describe the complex symptoms associated with declining estrogen levels. GSM encompasses genital dryness, sexual discomfort, and urinary issues, providing a more accurate and publicly acceptable definition.
Researchers used autologous vein grafts to bridge 10-mm segments of tibial nerves in rat gastrocnemius muscles, finding no significant differences in muscle spindle reinnervation between experimental groups. This suggests that autologous vein grafts provide comparable sensory reinnervation results as immediate end-to-end anastomosis.
A study by the University of Gothenburg found that 39% of planned operations for joint replacement, arthroscopy, or foot and ankle surgery were cancelled or rebooked. Common reasons include patient cancellations (33%), emergency cases prioritized (9%), and incomplete pre-operative preparation (12%).
Experts argue that UK family doctors should embrace email services to improve patient access to primary care. However, concerns have been raised about the safety and efficacy of this approach, with some arguing that it may widen health inequalities and delay critical responses.
A new INFORMS study analyzes the strengths and weaknesses of Israel's Iron Dome system, which saved lives during recent conflicts. The study found that Iron Dome may have prevented around 1778 Israeli casualties in 2012 and 525 in 2014, but its effectiveness is disputed due to imperfect rocket categorization.