A new study finds that many forests cannot absorb as much carbon dioxide as projected because of a shortage in vital nutrient nitrogen. This limits the ability of plants to fix carbon, leading to higher net carbon emissions.
The National Practice Guideline offers specific guidance on assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of opioid use disorders. Medication options include methadone, buprenorphine, and naltrexone, with recommendations for patient monitoring and follow-up.
A recent study found that an Icelandic volcanic eruption released three times more sulphur dioxide gas than all of Europe's industrial emissions combined. The eruption caused significant air pollution and acid rain, with the lava flow covering an area equivalent to Manhattan.
Scientists used Parkes telescope for 11 years to detect gravitational waves but found nothing, suggesting that black holes may merge quickly without generating waves. The lack of detection has implications for astronomers who want to use pulsar timing techniques to spot gravitational waves.
Researchers at Duke University Medical Center and the University of Alberta have discovered a new biochemical pathway that controls insulin secretion from islet beta cells in the pancreas. The study found that impairing this pathway, known as S-AMP production, disrupts normal glucose-stimulated insulin secretion.
Researchers sequenced the complete genomes of 11 Przewalski's horses, including museum specimens, and compared them to domesticated horses. The findings show that captivity led to lower genetic diversity, increased inbreeding, and gene variants from domesticated individuals.
Researchers found that heavy use of technology doesn't necessarily mean it's valued by customers. Instead, they suggest considering non-traditional customer segments based on a technology's attributes that are most beneficial to them. This approach will improve the overall customer experience.
Research suggests that adipose tissue acts as an HIV reservoir, hosting virus-producing cells and contributing to chronic immune activation. The study found similar results in human patients undergoing surgery, highlighting the potential for modulating fat tissue to limit viral persistence and inflammation.
A new study published in Diabetologia shows that taking blood pressure medications at bedtime halves the risk of developing type 2 diabetes in hypertensive patients. The research found a 57% decrease in risk with nighttime treatment compared to morning treatment.
A new study in the Journal of Public Policy & Marketing suggests that both numeric calorie labels and traffic lights are effective ways to encourage consumers to make low-calorie choices. The research found that employees who received either type of label made food selections with 10% fewer calories.
A study published in the New England Journal of Medicine found that letrozole did not improve pregnancy rates and live birth rates for women with unexplained infertility, but clomiphene remained the best option. Clomiphene enabled production of more eggs and hormones, while gonadotropin had the highest rate of pregnancy and live births.
A team of researchers used a toddler-like robot to study infant-parent interaction, finding that babies intentionally smile to elicit a response from their caregivers. By analyzing the timing of these smiles, they discovered a statistically strong correlation between intentional smiling and mutual smiling in both humans and robots.
Frustrated magnets can produce tiny magnetic vortices, known as skyrmions, that may be used in memory storage. The discovery opens up a new class of materials for scientists working on skyrmionics, which aims to build logic devices based on skyrmions.
Yale University scientists have designed a new chemical compound that mimics the properties of nitrogenase, an enzyme responsible for natural nitrogen fixation. The findings could lead to the development of synthetic catalysts that turn nitrogen into ammonia, reducing transportation and production costs.
A new study in the Journal of Marketing suggests that online idea-generating platforms should customize their design based on consumers' domain-specific knowledge. Consumers with extensive industry knowledge generate better ideas when not shown other users' ideas, while those with little knowledge benefit from concrete cues.
Tropical Storm Ida's wind shear is pushing clouds and strongest storms to the east and northeast of its center, with coldest cloud tops reaching -63 degrees Fahrenheit. The storm remains over open ocean, with forecasters predicting a slow eastward motion followed by a turn towards the north later on September 24.
Researchers developed a rotaxane gold catalyst with enhanced properties, which can be controlled by adding acid or metal ion cofactors. The catalyst's shape changes with different ions, leading to varied reaction products and suggesting a potential method for tailoring catalysts.
Scientists from UC San Francisco capture and study individual metastatic breast cancer cells, finding they express genes similar to mammary stem cells, which could lead to targeted therapies. The research suggests a new approach to understanding how cancer spreads and developing effective treatments.
A study by Iowa State University found that digital textbook analytics can accurately predict student outcomes, offering a more individualized measure than traditional GPA-based assessments. By tracking students' reading time and engagement, instructors can tailor their instruction to better support struggling learners.
A NAMS panel recommends behavioral approaches like cognitive-behavioral therapy and clinical hypnosis as effective in reducing hot flash symptoms. Nonhormonal prescription medications, such as SSRIs and gabapentinoids, are also recommended for their mild to moderate improvements.
A 9,000-year-old case of human decapitation has been discovered in Lapa do Santo, Brazil, featuring amputated hands and v-shaped cut marks on the jaw and vertebrae. The remains are believed to demonstrate sophisticated mortuary rituals among hunter-gatherers in the Americas.
The BMJ investigation found that the expert report underlying the latest US dietary guidelines fails to reflect relevant scientific literature, risking a misleading picture. The guidelines affect millions of Americans and food labelling, education, and research priorities.
Researchers at Sahlgrenska Academy found that the Fugl-Meyer assessment scale can predict stroke patients who will develop upper limb spasticity within one year. This allows for early treatment to minimize pain, impaired function, and other repercussions of spasticity.
Researchers at University of Virginia Health System identify two new cancer-causing gene mutations in MCM8 and MCM9 genes, which may be particularly susceptible to cancer-fighting drugs like cisplatin and olaparib. These mutations could lead to more targeted and effective treatments for lung and prostate cancers.
A new metal-based compound, Compound 5, has been developed to destroy kidney cancer cells while leaving normal cells unharmed. The compound, which incorporates both titanium and gold, has shown excellent promise in pre-clinical models, outperforming the FDA-approved drug Cisplatin.
A brain circuit has been identified that processes the 'when' and 'where' components of memory, separating location and timing into two streams of information. This discovery sheds light on how the brain represents time and place in episodic memories.
A team of researchers used an online classification system, Space Warps, to identify 29 new gravitational lens candidates. The citizen scientists analyzed 430,000 images and helped the researchers uncover potential lenses that algorithms may have missed.
Researchers estimate that 47% of edible US seafood supply is lost annually, mainly from consumer waste. The study suggests that reducing waste can support increased seafood consumption without stressing aquatic resources.
Researchers discovered that flu viruses gain ability to spread through air by adapting to bind to specific human receptors, with the soft palate playing a key role in this process. The findings provide insight into how flu viruses evolve airborne transmissibility and can help identify viruses with potential to cause global outbreaks.
A biofilm with antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties has been developed to prevent or control post-operative infections on medical devices. The film reduces inflammation and prevents bacterial and fungal infections, offering a promising alternative to antibiotics.
Researchers at UW linked two human brains to play a question-and-answer game via direct brain-to-brain connection. Participants successfully identified objects in 72% of real games, outperforming control rounds.
A new safe and sustainable cathode material has been identified for low-cost sodium-ion batteries, addressing instability issues and paving the way for commercialization. The material's structure allows for sodium to be inserted and removed while retaining its integrity, enabling further development of sodium-ion batteries.
A new study reveals that demarketing can be an effective way to reduce carbon footprint by altering consumer values. Materialistic individuals tend to decrease their consumption after reading a report about overconsumption, whereas those with low materialism may increase their consumption in response to social norms.
Scientists at Joint Quantum Institute successfully control orbital angular momentum of neutron waves, a fundamental property of matter waves. The achievement uses a counterintuitive property of neutrons to twist the phase of their wavefunction, enabling potential applications in neutron imaging and quantum information processing.
Researchers developed a novel approach using liquid crystals to detect neuro-degenerative diseases by detecting the protein fibers implicated in their development. The system shows extremely high sensitivity and could enable earlier detection at a lower cost.
A mathematical analytical tool developed by University of Cincinnati scientists can predict strontium ratios in surface water, soil, vegetation, fish, and mammal skeletal tissues with high accuracy. The tool is most successful when applied to mammals, making it a valuable tool for ecological and paleoecological research.
Scientists have developed a method to produce a palladium-based nanomaterial that can efficiently break down formic acid into hydrogen and carbon dioxide. The new process surpasses existing heterogeneous catalysts in efficiency, also eliminating the production of carbon monoxide.
Researchers have found an explanation for the key experiment in Japan's spin caloritronics field. They applied measurement methods to generate pure spin currents in magnetic isolators, differing from original expectations.
The Suomi NPP satellite observed a large and elongated circulation of Tropical Storm Dujuan, with cloud top temperatures as cold as -63F/-53C indicating strong storms. The storm is expected to intensify and reach peak winds of 110 knots on September 27-28.
The University of Michigan released its final report on high-volume hydraulic fracturing in Michigan, providing an analysis of policy options for the state's natural gas and oil extraction process. The report includes recommendations for public participation, water resources, and chemical use related to high-volume hydraulic fracturing.
A participant with complete paralysis regained walking ability using a brain-controlled system that utilizes electroencephalogram signals. The study, published in Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation, demonstrates the feasibility of non-invasive leg muscle stimulation using direct brain control.
A new study by Felipe Thomaz and Vanitha Swaminathan found that marketing alliances generally lower equity risk. However, this benefit is conditional on the alliance being new and the partner's existing network not being too interconnected.
Most states do not consider ignition interlock devices a severe enough punishment for first-time DUI offenders, despite their effectiveness in reducing arrest rates and fatalities. The study found that only less than half of states mandate the use of these devices for first-time offenders.
The American Society for Cell Biology announced the winners of the 2015 Kaluza Prizes, recognizing outstanding graduate student bioscience research. Ten young scientists received cash and travel awards for their contributions to cell biology.
A new study measures coral-reef ecosystem condition, predicts key threats, and evaluates human stressors in Micronesia. The results reveal only 42% of major reef habitats exceed thresholds for conservation efforts.
Researchers find domain-specific measures of self-control produce better predictions for consumer behavior on specific behaviors like eating and shopping. The study recommends adapting a general measure to the context at hand for more accurate assessments.
The Parsortix system demonstrated comparable speed in capturing CTCs for prostate cancer compared to existing methods, while also showing improved capture of CTCs responsible for metastatic cancer. The technology offers a promising approach to detect and treat metastatic cancer.
Researchers developed nanoparticles that deliver allergens to specific cells, reducing side effects. The new approach could lead to safer and more effective treatments for allergies and other conditions.
A study found that people with delayed orthostatic hypotension are at risk of progressing to a more serious condition, Parkinson's disease, or dementia. Over 10 years, 54% of participants with the delayed condition progressed to orthostatic hypotension and 31% developed a degenerative brain disease.
Researchers at Scripps Florida Institute have been awarded $6 million to develop an innovative HIV/AIDS vaccine that has shown promise in animal models. The approach works by blocking key sites on the virus's surface, preventing it from attaching and invading human immune cells.
A study found that telehealth visits, whether by telephone or video, can identify veterans requiring in-person assessment or further care. The majority of veterans preferred telehealth visits due to increased convenience and shorter travel distances.
A new procedure called CAUSEL uses genetic fine mapping, epigenomic profiling, epigenomic editing, genome editing, and phenotypic analysis to pinpoint disease-causing variants in non-coding genomes. The approach has shown promise in identifying disease-associated variants in prostate cancer risk.
A NASA study found a significant decline in microscopic plant-life, including diatoms, in the world's oceans over the past 15 years. The reduction may impact the ocean's ability to draw carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and store it for long-term, leading to climate change.
A new study published in the Journal of Oncology Practice found that patients participating in stage III renal cell cancer drug trials are often younger and healthier than those who ultimately receive the drugs. The study highlights concerns about the direct applicability of trial data, particularly for patients with more advanced canc...
Researchers have designed enzyme-functionalized micromotors that can rapidly remove carbon dioxide from water and convert it into a usable solid form, potentially helping to mitigate ocean acidification and global warming.
Researchers discovered the soft palate plays a key site for flu virus emergence and transmission, binding preferentially to mammalian-type SA, which is associated with airborne transmission. The finding may aid efforts to define properties governing flu virus transmissibility and predict pandemic potential.
A recent study from Dana-Farber Cancer Institute found that nearly one-third of families with children undergoing cancer treatment experience food, housing, or energy insecurity. The research also revealed that many adults who support their families lose their jobs or take leaves due to their child's illness.
Researchers developed a selective synthesis method using an enzyme from E. coli, assembling simple molecules to form complex carbohydrates with few steps and no waste, replicating prebiotic conditions. The process has great potential in chemistry for obtaining natural molecules and active ingredients.
Stillbirths are expected to increase by 52 million between now and 2035 if no action is taken. Experts advocate for clear targets to prevent stillbirths in national and global health plans.
Researchers call for improved early miscarriage diagnosis guidelines as a new study reveals the current standard may lead to misdiagnosis. A two-scan approach up to 14 days apart can improve accuracy and reduce false positives.