A large study has found that whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT) significantly worsens cognitive function compared to radiosurgery, and should no longer be used in the adjuvant setting after radiosurgery. WBRT's side effects include hair loss, fatigue, and significant interruptions in systemic therapy.
Queensland scientists have discovered five new species of antechinus, a 50% increase in diversity within the genus. Three of these species are already under threat from climate change, feral pests, and habitat loss, with one species destined for the threatened list.
Researchers have discovered how combining AKT inhibitors with radiotherapy may improve cancer treatment outcomes. The study found that targeting specific genes can enhance the efficacy of radiotherapy across various cancer types.
The European Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care concludes that there is no clinically relevant evidence to withdraw nitrous oxide from clinical practice or procedural sedation. The debate focuses on the decline of its use over the last 15 years due to new, well-tolerated anaesthetic drugs and modern machines.
Researchers found that combining immunotherapy drugs nivolumab and ipilimumab significantly increases progression-free survival in advanced melanoma patients, with a median PFS of 11.5 months compared to 6.9 months for nivolumab alone.
A study of US and international orthopaedic surgery patients found that despite receiving more pain medication, American patients reported higher worst pain scores than international patients. This suggests that the relationship between pain medication and pain perception may be complex.
The study found that nivolumab improved median overall survival by 2.4 months and doubled the one-year survival rate compared to chemotherapy. The immunotherapy drug also reduced the risk of dying from lung cancer by 41%.
A major systematic review of ICU delirium studies found a strong association between brain dysfunction and adverse outcomes, including high mortality rates and post-discharge cognitive impairment. Delirium was identified in 32% of critically ill patients, leading to a two-fold increase in hospital death risk.
Researchers at NYU Langone found that contact lens wearers have a diverse set of microorganisms in the eyes that resemble those on their eyelid skin. This study suggests that improved eyelid and hand hygiene may help prevent eye infections
Scientists have discovered two distinct types of stem cells in the hippocampus, a region critical for learning and memory. The discovery may lead to new treatments for learning- and mood-related disorders.
Researchers found that a lower dose of modified poliovirus therapy is more effective in treating glioblastoma brain tumors, resulting in fewer side effects. The therapy has been shown to be safe with minimal side effects related to localized brain inflammation.
Research found that preoperative statin use significantly reduces the risk of death after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. The study, published recently, evaluated data from over 16,000 patients and showed a protective effect of statins on perioperative mortality.
The PALOMA-3 study found that palbociclib significantly extended progression-free survival for women with hormone-receptor-positive metastatic breast cancer, reducing cancer recurrence by 25% compared to chemotherapy alone. The treatment was well-tolerated and improved quality of life, offering a new hope for women with advanced disease.
A Yale University study found that removing more tissue during a partial mastectomy can spare thousands of breast cancer patients from a second surgery. The study showed that cavity shave margins reduced positive margin rates in half without compromising cosmetic outcomes or increasing complication rates.
The SIRFLOX randomized controlled study found that adding liver-directed SIR-Spheres Y-90 resin microspheres to first-line chemotherapy improved liver tumour control and reduced progression risk. The regimen provided a 7.9-month treatment benefit, translating to a 31% reduction in tumour progression risk.
A new study finds that anastrozole significantly reduces breast cancer recurrence in postmenopausal women with non-invasive DCIS, outperforming tamoxifen. The treatment also improves disease-free survival and overall survival rates for patients.
A recent Mayo Clinic study found that combining the targeted drug ibrutinib with standard chemotherapy significantly reduces the risk of death or cancer progression in patients with relapsed CLL or SLL. The treatment results in a nearly 80% reduction in mortality, offering new hope for longer disease control and decreased risk of relapse.
A study has identified a possible new combination chemotherapy regimen for patients with advanced metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer. The treatment, combining cabazitaxel and carboplatin, significantly extended progression-free survival by 2.3 months compared to single-agent therapy.
Pacritinib significantly reduced severe spleen enlargement and debilitating side effects in over 20% and 46% of patients, respectively. The therapy also showed promise in treating thrombocytopenia, a life-threatening condition often associated with myelofibrosis.
The ESMO Magnitude of Clinical Benefit Scale (ESMO-MCBS) provides a rational approach to grading the magnitude of clinical benefit of anti-cancer medicines. The scale will be applied to new drugs approved by the EMA, with high-scoring drugs highlighted in the ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines.
University Hospitals Case Medical Center researchers will present data from several new studies evaluating a potential novel combination treatment for cancer patients with advanced solid tumors. Additionally, experts will analyze gene mutations in small cell lung cancer, revealing significant clinical correlation to overall survival an...
Researchers found that teaching students to sound out words sparks more optimal brain circuitry than instructing them to memorize whole words. This study provides evidence of a specific teaching strategy for reading having direct neural impact.
A team of researchers has successfully engineered E. coli to produce dozens of new forms of the antibiotic erythromycin, including three that show promise in fighting drug-resistant bacteria. The breakthrough could lead to the development of new antibiotics to combat rising antibiotic resistance.
For individuals over 75, taking newer anticoagulant medications dabigatran or rivaroxaban increases the risk of gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding by 3-5 times compared to warfarin. The study found that younger patients have a lower risk of GI bleeding with these medications.
Using order sets to manage worsening COPD can lead to better medical care and results for patients. The study found a significant reduction in hospital length of stay, with patients spending about two-and-a-half days less time in the hospital.
Researchers identified a genetic biomarker that can predict which cancer patients will respond to immunotherapy drugs like pembrolizumab. Patients with mismatch repair gene defects showed improved responses to the treatment, offering hope for previously failed patients. Larger studies are needed to assess the potential for clinical use.
A new method using Droplet Digital PCR Technology enables rapid determination of chromosomal phase of allelic markers hundreds of kilobases apart, providing insights into disease cause and severity. This technology overcomes challenges of current phasing methods, allowing researchers to quickly and affordably determine haplotype data.
The myChoice HRD test predicts response to DNA-damaging agents in ovarian, breast, and pancreatic cancers. A score of ?42 indicates a loss of DNA repair function and reflects tumor sensitivity to PARP inhibitors and platinum-based therapies.
A new study reveals that clinical and genetic factors affecting warfarin dose vary by race, highlighting the need for race-specific dosing equations to improve anticoagulation control. The research team found that gene variants may have different effects on dose across racial groups, particularly among African Americans.
A study published in Scientific Reports reveals a direct link between amyloid-beta protein and memory loss in healthy brains, even before physical signs of degeneration appear. The research found that administering amyloid-beta to pond snails caused significant impaired memories, despite no visible brain damage.
The new material has exceptional energy-storage capacity, enabling unprecedented performance in lithium-sulfur batteries and supercapacitors. Designer carbon can be fine-tuned for various applications by adjusting the type of polymers and organic linkers used during fabrication.
Human-started fires account for nearly 90% of wildfires in the Northwest Territories, with 46 reported fires burning over 40,632 hectares. Preventing fires is crucial, and simple rules such as properly disposing of cigarettes and attending campfires can help prevent these incidents.
Jim Allison's pioneering work on T-cell response mechanisms led to the development of ipilimumab, a melanoma treatment that has shown unprecedented results in survival rates. His research continues to open new avenues for cancer treatment through immune checkpoint blockade.
A new study by CHOP Global Health explores the scope and patterns of cerebral palsy in southern Africa, revealing high rates of comorbidities and motor impairments. The research aims to design better prevention and treatment strategies for this lifelong condition in low-resource settings.
A groundbreaking Alzheimer's disease prevention trial is supported by $10 million in new funding, focusing on therapies targeting amyloid proteins. The trial will test two investigational anti-amyloid therapies to prevent or delay Alzheimer's symptoms in people at high genetic risk.
A study found that perioperative hypothermia affects patient experience and post-operative outcomes. The study revealed that most heat loss occurs from induction to recovery and that warming measures are often not applied enough.
Experts criticize the UN SDG target to reduce premature mortality among younger people, arguing it unfairly discriminates against older adults. The proposed target could lead to institutionalized discrimination and a lack of resources for conditions affecting older individuals.
A collaborative meta-analysis found that creatinine-based eGFR and albuminuria improve cardiovascular prediction, particularly for mortality and heart failure. The assessment of albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) outperformed traditional risk factors, suggesting its potential broad implications for cardiovascular risk classification.
Researchers from Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology discover how laser pulse filamentation affects preliminary transition of a beam passing through quartz glass. The study has implications for nonlinear optics and may lead to new applications.
A study published in Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery reports good outcomes for adolescent patients with severe migraine headaches, with average headache frequency decreasing from 25 to five per month. The surgery targets trigger sites, which were identified through preoperative evaluation and imaging tests.
NASA's Aqua and Global Precipitation Measurement mission core satellite tracked Tropical Storm Andres' intensification, revealing powerful convective storms near the center. The storm's rainfall rates reached over 60 mm per hour, and thunderstorms stretched up to 15 km high.
Researchers found that relay-cropping camelina with soybean uses less water than traditional double-cropping methods. This approach also yields higher soybean crops due to a longer growing season, benefiting pollinators and soil carbon content.
Two RI-MUHC research leaders, Dr. Morag Park and Dr. Alain Ptito, have been awarded significant grants to advance their work in cancer therapy and brain injuries. The grants will support the development of new diagnostic tools and treatments for thousands of Canadians affected by head injuries.
A study by Dr Erdogan Ozturk and colleagues found that smokers need more anaesthetic and painkillers compared to non-smokers, while passive smokers also require higher doses. The researchers suggest that nicotine may affect anaesthetic metabolism or desensitize pain-sensing nerve cells.
In 2013, godwits postponed arrival by over three weeks due to unseasonable weather, but still raised more young than usual. The birds' ability to cope with extreme weather may be beneficial for climate change mitigation.
The Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST) will survey the entire Southern Hemisphere's sky, collecting 30 terabytes of data nightly. The telescope aims to map 20 billion galaxies and observe supernovae, offering stringent tests on dark matter and dark energy.
Researchers at UT Austin study computational models and simulations of hurricanes like Ike to predict storm surge and flooding consequences. Advanced tools in high-performance computing are used to improve simulation accuracy.
Research reviews suggest that individuals with cognitive impairment, including dementia and Alzheimer's disease, exhibit altered pain processing. This is often accompanied by increased sensitivity to painful stimuli, making effective diagnosis and treatment challenging due to communication difficulties.
Immunotherapy with pembrolizumab was effective in 24.8% of patients with recurrent or metastatic head and neck cancer, resulting in significant tumor shrinkage and improved outcomes.
Researchers explore new approaches to designing prosthetic hands with sensory feedback. Emerging techniques, such as nerve interfaces and targeted muscle reinnervation, show promise in providing sensation and improving control of hand prostheses.
Simple measures of kidney function and damage may be better than traditional tests in predicting heart failure, death from heart attack, and stroke. Researchers found that indicators of kidney function and damage outperformed cholesterol levels and systolic blood pressure as risk factors for cardiovascular disease.
A study by UC Riverside researchers used a computer model to simulate observed behavior in moths, finding that random walks can create the most efficient paths for discovering odor plumes. The simulations suggest that airborne robots programmed to contact an odor plume need not involve wind flow detection.
Researchers at the University of Freiburg have identified a key signal molecule involved in controlling plant stem cell activity. The discovery sheds light on how plants regulate stem cell growth in response to environmental signals.
Women treated for gynecologic cancers experience decreased sexual activity, with younger and premenopausal women at higher risk. Counseling during treatment may help alleviate long-term effects on sexual health.
The University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP) has been awarded a $5 million grant from NASA to develop next-generation rocket engines using liquid methane. The project aims to create more efficient propulsion systems for in-space travel, with potential applications for Mars and lunar landers.
Researchers have developed a new, non-invasive method to diagnose kidney disease using an optical probe and Raman spectroscopy. The technique allows for the detection of subtle molecular changes in kidney tissue, enabling accurate differentiation between healthy and diseased kidneys.
The myRisk Hereditary Cancer test assesses 25 genes for mutations associated with eight hereditary cancers. Recent studies have found that the test identifies 100.8% more mutations than BRCA1/2 testing alone, including increased mutations in breast and ovarian cancer patients.
Scientists developed a predictive tool to identify sequences that can cause mutations, DNA breaks, and diseases in genomes. The tool found 75% of human genes contain R-loop Forming Sequences, with an accuracy of 80-90% in predicting their locations.
Researchers at the University of the Basque Country have developed three capillary electrophoresis-based methods to analyze various compounds in cosmetics, ensuring consumer safety. The methods allow for the simultaneous separation of multiple components and are 'green' techniques that use little organic solvent.
A University of Colorado Cancer Center study found significant genetic differences between colorectal cancer tumors in young and old patients. The study identified altered gene signaling pathways, including PPAR and IGF1R, which may be involved in the development of younger CRC tumors.