Researchers at UT Austin use regional climate models to assess climate change impact on Malawi's growing season, finding shorter growing seasons and earlier ends by mid-21st century. The study highlights the need for adaptation planning to mitigate global warming's effects.
Scientists from Berkeley Lab and University of Hawaii at Manoa recreated conditions around carbon-rich stars to find formation pathways of nitrogen-containing molecules. They successfully synthesized quinolone and isoquinoline in hot environments, which could lead to the creation of biorelevant molecules such as nucleobases.
The AAAS Kavli Science Journalism Awards program is expanding globally, now accepting entries from reporters worldwide. The expanded program will bestow 16 prizes annually, including a new $3,500 Silver prize, with top awards increasing in value.
Researchers from University of North Carolina School of Medicine found that transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) had a statistically significant detrimental effect on IQ scores, with participants receiving sham stimulation showing greater improvement. The study adds to the increasing literature showing mixed results for tDCS ...
Researchers at Vienna University of Technology and Activision-Blizzard develop a new mathematical method to create more realistic surface rendering in computer games. The 'SSSS-method' takes into account light scattering below the surface, reducing computing time while maintaining realistic images.
Scientists discovered a new DNA modification that regulates gene expression in insects, worms, and green algae. This finding opens a new field of biology and epigenetics research.
The Gutenberg Research College welcomed three new fellows and conferred the 2015 Gutenberg Research Award on Professor Kazunori Kataoka and Professor Kwok Pui Lan for their outstanding contributions to polymer chemistry and post-colonial feminist theology, respectively.
Researchers at Case Western Reserve University found that treating gum disease can improve prostate inflammation symptoms and quality of life for men with prostatitis. The study, which treated 27 men with moderate to severe gum disease, showed significant improvements in PSA levels and symptom scores.
Researchers at Wayne State University are seeking to understand the genomic information of herpes simplex virus 1 and its interactions with host cells to develop new anti-herpes treatments. The study aims to uncover the functions of infected cell protein 0, which plays a key role in disrupting host defenses.
A new study found emissions of ozone-forming compounds at an Illinois ethanol refinery are 30 times higher than government estimates. Emissions from other refineries in the US may also be underestimated, potentially making them a larger source of VOCs than currently thought.
Researchers found that writing and speaking are supported by different parts of the brain, revealing a high-level distinction between word construction. This understanding could help educators teach children to read and write more effectively and improve therapies for those suffering from aphasia.
Researchers discovered a promising material called thallium sulfide iodide that can be used to create high-performance, low-cost, and room-temperature semiconductor radiation detectors. The material has higher density, heavier chemical elements, and lower growth temperature compared to existing candidates.
Researchers at UMass Amherst developed a new understanding of strain effects on organic transistor performance, revealing that micro-scale wrinkling can enhance or have no effect on electrical properties. The study contributes to the development of next-generation flexible electronic devices.
Researchers discovered that dolphins in the Indian River Lagoon have preferred friends and avoid certain individuals, forming communities along the lagoon's north-south axis. The study provides insight into dolphin social behavior, habitat use, and potential breeding habits.
New research reveals neural movements can be measured and predicted using non-invasive techniques, helping explain widespread syndromes like carpal tunnel syndrome and sciatica. The study highlights the importance of preserving free movement of neural structures to maintain an asymptomatic situation.
A new study from University of Toronto researchers found a significant association between childhood maltreatment and difficulty sleeping later in life. Adults who experienced multiple incidents of childhood maltreatment were 10% more likely to have trouble sleeping after adjusting for other potential explanatory factors.
A study published in Genome Biology reveals that within 20 minutes of ischemia, significant changes occur in protein synthesis, primarily involving mitochondrial respiratory chain proteins. The findings suggest an early system of regulation, including the increase in UBE2S protein, which may directly affect the HIF signaling pathway.
A new study by Loyola researchers shows that giving non-toxic C. difficile spores orally can stop repeated bouts of the infection, which occurs in 25-30% of patients. The treatment reduces recurrence rates to as low as 5%, offering real hope for those debilitated by recurring bouts.
Researchers at the University of Pittsburgh designed a synthetic polymer gel that can change shape and move using its own internally generated power. The SP-BZ gel combines the properties of two materials to enable self-bending, folding, and self-propelled motion.
Researchers Jitka Polechova and Nick Barton propose a new theory on why species can't adapt to wider environmental conditions. Their findings suggest that sharp range limits can form even in environments with smooth changes, due to random fluctuations in gene frequencies.
Researchers developed a centimeter-accurate GPS-based positioning system that could revolutionize virtual reality and mobile devices. The system, called GRID, can extract precise measurements from low-cost antennas, making it economically feasible for mobile devices.
A consultant cardiologist argues that private practice has direct adverse effects on the NHS, leading to increased waiting times and unnecessary tests. He believes doctors should not be allowed to work in both sectors due to conflicting priorities.
Researchers identified a gene variant outside the huntingtin gene that affects disease onset timing. The variant delays symptoms when on the normal protein copy, while accelerating them on the mutated protein copy.
Researchers at Washington State University have successfully produced hydrocarbons from the common black fungus Aspergillus carbonarius, a key component of petroleum-based fuels. The team hopes to commercialize this process in the next five years, making it a potentially game-changing alternative to traditional aviation fuels.
Biologists at the University of Luxembourg analysed 1100 microRNAs in 100 blood samples to create a reference for the majority of microRNAs in healthy people. They found that some previously praised molecules are naturally variable and not reliable biomarkers, while others show promising deviations indicative of skin cancer.
A University of Maryland School of Public Health study found that linking low-income uninsured patients to safety-net clinics reduced avoidable emergency department visits. The initiative improved health outcomes and reduced costs for vulnerable populations in Montgomery County, Maryland.
Researchers found that chronic high blood sugar disrupts mitochondria activity by altering levels of O-GlcNAc transferase and removal enzymes. This leads to less efficient energy production, increased heat and damaging molecules, and further elevates blood sugar.
Scientists are continuing their research in the Himalayas to understand the seismic hazard along the Himalayan Frontal Thrust Fault. The team is searching for ground ruptures that may help quantify the potential for additional earthquakes in the magnitude 8 or 9 range after a devastating earthquake hit Nepal.
A new study found that companies experience significant improvement when a former politician takes a leadership role, but CEOs moving to politics do not provide the same benefits. Former cabinet secretaries proved to be the most valuable hires, stimulating stock returns of 3.6% per year.
Researchers developed a combination approach to recover phosphorus from wastewater using mathematical modeling. The method achieved approximately 90% removal of phosphorus, generating $150,000 in annual revenue for WWTPs with limited budgets. This sustainable approach reduces mining demand and improves surface water health.
A study published in Brain Imaging and Behavior found that brain activity responding to high-calorie food images is lower at night compared to daytime. Researchers used MRI to measure neural responses to food images during morning and evening sessions, revealing a dip in reward-related brain reactivity in the evening.
Researchers found that mobile shoppers tend to purchase items they've purchased before or from familiar brands, due to limited smartphone screen size. Low spenders also shop more frequently after adopting mobile shopping, leading to larger orders.
University of Adelaide researchers identified a common building block called PATR in virulence factors of many major harmful bacteria. The discovery could lead to the development of broad-spectrum bacterial virulence inhibitors, revolutionizing antibiotic treatments.
A neural network model correctly predicted 96% of US bank bankruptcies between 2002 and 2013. The model identified construction loans and rapid growth as key risk factors for bank failure.
Heavy rainfall from cyclone Quang affected western Australia, while a non-tropical system pounded the east coast, resulting in over 454 mm of rain in the Indian Ocean. In the Coral Sea, southeast Australia received above 356 mm of rainfall, causing widespread flooding and at least four reported deaths.
Research led by the University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health shows that people with type 1 diabetes experience accelerated brain aging, correlated with slower information processing and cognitive difficulties. The study suggests clinicians should screen middle-aged patients for cognitive complications to prevent potent...
A phase I clinical trial has begun for a new 'resistance-busting' experimental skin cancer drug, administered to the first patient just three months after a major publication described its potential. The trial aims to establish the safe maximum dose for a planned phase II clinical trial, focusing on advanced melanoma patients.
Researchers at Rice University have found ways to make 2D molybdenum disulfide exhibit superplasticity by manipulating its gas environment, allowing it to deform without breaking. This breakthrough opens the possibility of tailoring the plastic properties of these materials for specific applications.
A study led by Princeton University researchers found that bird species with increasing prices and decreasing availability exhibited plummeting populations in the wild. Market monitoring can be done more quickly and cheaply than field-based monitoring, making it an effective tool for conservation.
Researchers found that ocean currents strongly affect methane-consuming bacterial populations in Arctic cold seeps, controlling their prevalence and methane consumption rates. Fluctuations in these communities were linked to changes in water temperature and salinity.
A recent study by Duke University researchers has shed light on the epicardium, a mysterious outer layer of the heart known to regrow cardiac tissue in zebrafish. The findings suggest that this layer is critical for regeneration and may hold key to repairing damaged hearts in humans.
Research suggests that 1 in 4 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and no symptoms have coronary heart disease, increasing their risk of cardiovascular death. The study found that persistence of systemic inflammation may cause accelerated atherosclerosis process in rheumatoid arthritis patients.
New research from the University of Missouri reveals that even small changes in menisci can hinder knee function, providing clues to understanding osteoarthritis. The study suggests repairing meniscal tears might be worthwhile to prevent osteoarthritis.
Women with depression and bipolar disorder performed poorly on a test of cognitive control, which requires sustained concentration. Brain scans showed different levels of activity in the right posterior parietal cortex compared to healthy women.
Researchers discovered that rorqual whale nerves can double in length without damage, supporting their extreme lunge feeding mechanism. This discovery highlights the importance of flexible nervous systems in accommodating body deformation.
Researchers found eight major flood events in the central Mississippi River valley that contributed to Cahokia's emergence and decline. The study suggests that floods disrupted agricultural settlement patterns, leading to increased population density and farming intensity.
The study analyzes three options for power plant carbon standards and finds that stronger standards can prevent an estimated 3,500 premature deaths annually. States with the greatest dependence on coal-fired electricity are expected to see the largest health gains.
A Swedish study tracking 500,000 children found that high neighborhood deprivation increases risk of conduct disorder and anxiety disorders, while familial factors have a stronger impact on psychiatric disorders. The research suggests shaping policies to promote mental health by considering both family and neighborhood environments.
A Virginia Tech researcher has made a groundbreaking discovery about the origins of bioluminescence in millipedes. By studying a rare species that glows in the dark, he found that its early evolutionary role may have been related to antioxidant properties, not warning predators.
Researchers have discovered that green tea extract and exercise can slow the progression of Alzheimer's disease in mice, potentially reversing its effects. The study found that mice with Alzheimer's symptoms exhibited improved cognitive function and retention after receiving the compound EGCG and exercising.
Scientists have identified a new chaperone protein, Acl4, that helps assemble ribosomal protein L4 into a developing ribosome. This discovery provides insights into the stepwise process of ribosome assembly and has potential applications in antifungal agents and disease research.
Researchers found high incidence of death and urgent cardiac surgery following off-label use of Lariat device, calling for FDA reassessment. The study highlights regulatory loophole allowing devices cleared for one purpose to be used in higher-risk applications.
Researchers from Mount Sinai presented a first successful 3D printed trachea, as well as studies on increased mortality in black patients after esophageal cancer surgery and the potential benefits of surgical resection for myasthenia gravis. These findings highlight the importance of personalized medicine and access to specialized care.
MIT researchers explain India's rapid move toward Eurasia 80 million years ago by the combination of two subduction zones. The team found relics of what may have been two subduction zones in rocks from the Himalayan region, which led them to develop a model for a double subduction system.
Researchers at Brown and Yale implicates a specific mitochondrial protein, NLRX1, in the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) from exposure to cigarette smoke. The study shows that suppression of NLRX1 is a major cigarette-induced signature of lung destruction.
Researchers at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital identified a mechanism that helps leukemia cells resist glucocorticoids, laying the foundation for more effective treatment of cancer and autoimmune diseases. Small molecules can reverse this resistance, potentially benefiting a wide range of patients.
Researchers have identified a way for malaria parasites to dodge anti-malarial drugs, surviving inside immature red blood cells and remaining sensitive to certain treatments. This finding may help guide future research and lead to the development of new anti-malarial drugs for refractory patients.
Researchers developed a new algorithm called CONSERTING to identify DNA duplications and deletions in cancer genomes, improving accuracy and sensitivity. The tool helped discover genetic alterations driving various cancers, including pediatric leukemia and brain tumors.
Researchers found that elevated blood sugar can rapidly increase amyloid beta levels in the brain, contributing to Alzheimer's disease. The study suggests a new connection between diabetes and Alzheimer's, providing a potential therapeutic target for treatment.
Researchers found that H. azteca from polluted sites are less sensitive to pyrethroid insecticides than lab-grown ones. This suggests standard testing methods may not accurately reflect environmental health