The American College of Physicians recommends screening for five common cancers: breast, colorectal, ovarian, prostate, and cervical. High-intensity screening may do more harm than good due to over-diagnosis and overtreatment. ACP advises focusing on tests that improve health and avoid harms.
Scientists developed a novel adaptive-control approach to mimic synapses in the human brain. This method uses memristors, which display resistance dependent on past states, enabling anti-synchronisation phenomena and improving system stability.
Dr. Madhukar Trivedi, a renowned expert in depression and mood disorders, received the American Psychiatric Association Award for his significant contributions to the field. His research has led to notable advances in treatment strategies and patient outcomes.
The study found a stable overall US child suicide rate from 1993 to 2012, but significant racial differences emerged, with increasing suicide rates among black children and decreasing rates among white children. The authors suggest factors such as violence, traumatic stress, and early puberty may contribute to the disparities.
A study by Penn State researchers found that wolves in packs with at least five healthy members have a similar death rate to their companions when infected with mange. This suggests that social living can help individuals cope with various chronic conditions by providing supportive care and resources.
Researchers at Florida State University found that climate change is causing fewer but stronger hurricanes due to rising ocean temperatures. The study projects an increase in storm speed by 1.3 meters per second and a decrease in the number of storms by 6.1 over the past 30 years.
The American Gastroenterological Association recognizes Robert S.andler for his lifelong contributions to gastroenterology and AGA, while C. Richard Boland receives the William Beaumont Prize for his work on Lynch syndrome and colorectal cancer research. The Distinguished Educator Awards are given to Patrick S. Kamath and Charles Melbe...
Researchers found that air pollution directly impacts cognition, with particulate matter and nitrogen dioxide affecting the central nervous system via the sense of smell. Impaired lung function was also linked to cognitive decline in elderly women, regardless of air pollution exposure.
Scientists have developed a powerful tool to investigate ion channel selectivity using infrared spectroscopy and molecular dynamic-based simulations. This approach allows for the detection of subtle conformational changes in large membrane proteins, such as potassium channels, at atomic resolution.
A new analysis of archived calls from North Atlantic right whales reveals distinctive traits that might be used to identify and track individuals. The researchers found that a combination of variables, including call duration and fundamental frequency change, could distinguish between upcalls of individual whales.
Researchers from Aalto University and Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya have achieved a new record in black silicon solar cell efficiency at 22.1%, surpassing previous records by over 3%. The breakthrough is attributed to the application of a thin passivating film and integration of metal contacts on the back side of the cell.
A study of thousands of human bones reveals a gradual decline in leg bone strength as Europeans adopted agriculture and settled down, while arm bone strength remained steady. Researchers found that lifestyle changes, such as reduced mobility, were more significant contributors to the shift than urbanization or nutrition.
CIMAS, a 10-member research consortium based at the University of Miami Rosenstiel School, has received a $125 million award from NOAA to fund its activities over the next five years. The renewed partnership will focus on improving hurricane forecasting, ecosystem-based ocean management, and climate prediction.
A study by University of Texas at Austin economists found that banning cellphones in schools increases student test scores, with a 6.41% improvement in overall performance. Low-achieving and special education needs students saw the greatest gains, with test score improvements of 14.23% and 10-12%, respectively.
The task force recommends avoiding valproate in pregnant women due to high risks of malformations, while ensuring those with uncontrolled seizures receive effective treatment. The guidelines prioritize shared decision-making between clinicians and patients, balancing treatment benefits and risks.
A new study reveals that most mountain ranges increase in land area at higher elevations, contradicting the long-held assumption that they decrease. This finding could lead to more precise conservation strategies for mountain animal species threatened by climate change.
A new study by researchers found that maternal obesity compromises the immune system of babies born at time of birth, putting them at risk for diseases such as heart disease and asthma. The study, led by Ilhem Messaoudi, analyzed umbilical cord blood samples from infants born to lean, overweight, and obese mothers.
A study published in Annals of Internal Medicine suggests that women with extremely dense breasts do not necessarily need additional imaging after a normal mammogram. However, those with high-risk dense breasts should discuss supplemental screening strategies with their doctors. The American College of Physicians advises 'smarter' canc...
A new urine-based test, Mi-Prostate Score, has been shown to improve prostate cancer detection compared to traditional models based on PSA levels. The test combines PSA with two markers for prostate cancer, T2:ERG and PCA3, and can detect more aggressive forms of the disease.
Janssen Supply Chain has expanded its collaboration with Rutgers University School of Engineering, providing $6 million in funding to support the development of continuous manufacturing techniques. The partnership aims to help create the future of advanced manufacturing and improve efficiency, safety, cost, and speed to market for phar...
Researchers developed a gel filled with toxin-absorbing nanosponges that effectively treat skin and wound infections caused by MRSA without using antibiotics. The treatment keeps bacterial toxins under control, allowing the immune system to kill the bacteria more easily.
Typhoon Dolphin is moving north-northeast towards Iwo To island in the Northwestern Pacific Ocean. The storm's maximum sustained winds are near 90 knots (103.6 mph), with strongest winds and heaviest rainfall expected on the northeastern side.
A recent study published in the New England Journal of Medicine found that cooling children after cardiac arrest does not provide any significant survival-with-quality-of-life benefits. The study, which included nearly 300 participants, compared two groups: one cooled to a lower body temperature and the other maintained normal temperat...
Swedish clinicians have successfully performed live births after uterus transplantation, paving the way for new treatments. The long research journey of the Swedish uterus transplant project has led to preliminary results that offer hope for women who lack a functional uterus.
Researchers have found that carbon-based nanoparticles can produce low-energy electrons through plasmon excitation, making them more lethal to tumors and potentially inducing focused destruction of cancer cells. This breakthrough could lead to the development of novel types of sensitizers for proton radiotherapy.
Researchers have identified the mechanism by which methanogens obtain electrons from solid surfaces, paving the way for more efficient microbial factories that produce methane gas. The discovery also sheds light on microbially influenced corrosion, a significant global problem with estimated annual economic losses of $1 billion.
Ze'ev Reches and collaborators study earthquake instability and fault weakening mechanisms using electron microscopy. They find phase transformation and nano-size grains are associated with profound weakening, resolving two major conflicts in laboratory results and natural faulting.
Researchers successfully reactivated plasticity in adult brains by transplanting GABA neurons, allowing for vigorous rewiring and improved vision in amblyopic mice. The findings hold promise for future clinical applications and therapies for incurable brain disorders.
The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston has established a Biosafety and Infectious Disease Training Initiative, partnering with the Nebraska Biocontainment Unit. This program aims to deliver meaningful training to various audiences, including public service employees and waste handlers.
Scientists have made a significant discovery in thermoelectric effects, which are crucial for nanoscale energy harvesting. Using quantum dots, researchers found that the actual performance of systems is less optimistic than predicted calculations, highlighting the importance of optimizing structures at the nanoscale.
A new school-based program helps reduce absenteeism among urban minority children with asthma. The program, called Building Bridges for Asthma Care, identifies children with inadequately controlled asthma and provides support to help manage their disease and stay in school.
Researchers at Virginia Tech Carilion Research Institute found that brain signals predict the likelihood of conforming to others' choices, with individuals more likely to follow risks if they like taking risks and safer options if cautious. The study sheds light on how social support systems can encourage healthy choices.
A new study projects that US residents' exposure to extreme heat could increase four- to six-fold by mid-century, driven by both a warming climate and a growing population. The research found that the average annual exposure to extreme heat in the US during this period is expected to be between 10 and 14 billion person-days.
A new study published in Nature reveals that sexual selection improves population health by removing harmful genetic mutations, allowing species to flourish and avoid extinction. This finding provides direct support for the idea that sex persists as a dominant mode of reproduction due to its role in maintaining genetic diversity.
Researchers at Oregon State University have developed pactamycin analogs that can cause rapid cell aging and induce premature senescence in cancer cells, slowing or stopping tumor growth. The findings show promise for a new approach to cancer treatment with reduced toxicity and debilitating side effects.
A new NYU study found that rave attendees are more likely to use various illicit drugs, including ketamine and GHB, with rates 2-6 times higher than non-attendees. The study also revealed that 7.7% of students reported attending raves at least monthly.
Researchers found that type II lung epithelial cells differentiated into mesenchymal cells instead of type I cells when seeded onto decellularized lung matrix. This study highlights the importance of factors like cell populations, growth medium, and stimuli in achieving physiologically appropriate environments for lung tissue growth.
LCSB researchers analyzed metabolite signatures from hundreds of biomolecules in different brain regions, revealing a specific functional state of nerve cells. The study used an interdisciplinary approach and machine learning to derive metabolic profiles, which may offer new therapeutic opportunities for neurodegenerative diseases.
A new study finds that shift workers are more likely to be overweight and experience sleep problems, increasing the risk of metabolic disorders like diabetes. Sufficient sleep may partially alleviate these adverse health effects.
A groundbreaking report from the National Research Council concludes that team science is increasingly used in scientific research, enhancing innovation and impact. However, resolving the challenges of effective team science requires attention to assembling the right people, training and development, and team leadership.
A UCSF-led team discovered that the Haemophilus influenzae Type b vaccine protects against acute lymphoblastic leukemia by preventing the conversion of 'pre-leukemia' blood cells into full-blown cancer. Chronic infections push these cells into malignancy.
Researchers from Paris and Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin successfully switched ferromagnetic domains on and off with a low-voltage electric field near room temperature. This breakthrough could lead to the development of efficient data storage devices with reduced power consumption.
A new blood test measures brain-specific proteins released after a traumatic brain injury (TBI) to predict both imaging evidence and injury severity. The test, which uses glial fibrillary acidic protein breakdown products (GFAP-BDP), shows a net benefit in reducing unnecessary CT scans by 12-30%.
Researchers found that larger spheres, at least 1.5 millimeters in diameter, triggered lower immune response and developed less scar tissue on their surface. This breakthrough could lead to a viable cure for type 1 diabetes by eliminating the need for lifelong immunosuppressive drugs.
A Dartmouth-led study examines the Midwest's agricultural output and global food security in relation to climate change. The research finds that the response of soil moisture and still fewer have assessed soil moisture using a combination of model simulations and regional observations.
Researchers at the University of Montana have discovered evidence of non-adaptive evolution within cicadas, where a single bacterium has split into dozens of species, complicating the insect's symbiotic relationship. This complexity may be detrimental to the cicada's survival, as it relies on the bacteria for essential nutrients.
A new study published in Nature Geoscience reveals that a universal sliding mechanism operates for earthquakes of all depths. The research, led by UC Riverside geologists, suggests that both shallow and deep earthquakes share the same physics once started.
A Northwestern University study reveals that gender-science stereotypes are prevalent worldwide, with Scandinavian countries and the Netherlands showing strong associations between science and men. However, nations with more female scientists exhibit weaker stereotypes, suggesting exposure to women in college may change beliefs.
A collaborative team of researchers has identified the mechanism behind one of the most common mutations that enable cancer cells to replicate endlessly. The study found that a specific transcription factor selectively binds and activates the mutant TERT promoter in cancer, leading to elevated TERT expression and cell immortality.
MIT researchers found that larger spherical devices are better able to maintain their function and avoid scar-tissue buildup, outperforming smaller ones in tests on diabetic mice and nonhuman primates. This discovery could lead to the development of long-term implants for diabetes treatment and other diseases.
Researchers discovered a critical role of the body clock in controlling the immune response to infection. A microRNA called miR-155 helps stop the macrophage clock, allowing it to become inflamed, while restoring clock function may provide new therapies for inflammatory disorders.
A study found that readmissions for severe sepsis are comparable to those for heart failure and pneumonia, highlighting the significant burden of this condition. Researchers analyzed inpatient discharges from Bellevue Hospital between 2011-2014 and identified a readmission rate of 15.31%.
Yale University chemists have developed a family of new palladium-based catalysts, expected to lower production costs and boost sustainability. These catalysts create a better infrastructure for catalysis, reducing the need for expensive metals.
Scientists develop a method to create replacement intestine tissue in the lab using a patient's own cells, which can help treat infants with short bowel and adults with large pieces of gut removed due to cancer or inflammatory bowel disease. The new technique also shows promise for engineering anal sphincters to treat fecal incontinence.
A nationwide study published in JAMA Pediatrics reveals a racial disparity in childhood suicide, with higher rates among black children. The study found that suicide rates have remained stable overall for the past 20 years, but increased significantly among black children between 1993-1997 and 2008-2012.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins Medicine found that men with a history of asthma are 29% less likely to be diagnosed with lethal prostate cancer. Overall, asthmatic men were 36% less likely to die from the disease.
Current users of menopausal hormone therapy are twice as likely to develop lower gastrointestinal bleeding and ischemic colitis compared to non-users. The study found a higher risk of bleeding in the lower GI tract due to fewer blood vessels supplying this area.
Researchers analyzed millions of online donations collected over a 14-year period and found that increasing repeat givers by 10% could yield over 60% more dollars donated. Building a predictive model with 21 variables helps fundraisers focus on cultivating people likely to become repeat donors.
A new study suggests that early detection and treatment of type 2 diabetes can significantly reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease and death. The research found that screening followed by treatment led to a reduced risk of cardiovascular events within five years compared to patients with no screening.
Researchers demonstrate that ocean microbes control the chemistry of sea spray ejected into the atmosphere, affecting cloud formation and sunlight scattering. The study reveals the importance of complex interactions between microbes in seawater, which influence the composition and cloud-forming ability of sea spray aerosol.