A University of Oklahoma structural geologist and collaborators are studying earthquake instability and the mechanisms associated with fault weakening during slip. The mechanism of this weakening is central to understanding earthquake sliding.
Ze'ev Reches, professor in the OU School of Geology and Geophysics, is using electron microscopy to examine velocity and temperature in two key observations: (1) a high-speed friction experiment on carbonate at conditions of shallow earthquakes, and (2) a high-pressure/high-temperature faulting experiment at conditions of very deep earthquakes.
Reches and his collaborators have shown phase transformation and the formation of nano-size (millionth of a millimeter) grains are associated with profound weakening and that fluid is not necessary for such weakening. If this mechanism operates in major earthquakes, it resolves two major conflicts between laboratory results and natural faulting--lack of a thermal zone around major faults and the rarity of glassy rocks along faults.
Reches co-authored the study with H.W. Green II, University of California, Riverside; F. Shi, China University of Geosciences; K. Bozhilov, University of California, Riverside; and G. Xia, University of Queensland. A paper on this study, "Phase transformation and nanometric flow cause extreme weakening during fault slip," is available on the Nature Geoscience website at http://www.nature.com/ngeo/index.html .
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The National Science Foundation supported this research. For more information about Ze'ev Reches and his research, please contact him at reches@ou.edu or visit http://earthquakes.ou.edu .
Nature Geoscience