Articles tagged with Phase Transitions
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
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Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Scientists have found a way to describe topological states in materials where the particle picture breaks down. The discovery sheds light on a new type of behavior, exhibiting spontaneous Hall effect and quantum-critical fluctuations. This finding opens up possibilities for storing quantum information and developing novel sensors.
A team of researchers at Waseda University has discovered a new correlation between spins, orbitals, and lattice distortions in spinel-type compounds. Magnetic ordering can trigger Jahn-Teller distortions through spin-orbit coupling.
Scientists have identified two key forces that shape iron nanoparticles' stability in environments, including aggregation and phase transformation. Understanding these processes can improve strategies for managing water quality and contaminant transport.
Researchers at MBL propose a model for how properties of individual molecules emerge to form liquid droplets called condensates. By combining imaging and computer simulations, they reveal the importance of linker DNA in determining condensate structure.
Increasing polarization and growing social connections have led researchers to discover a fundamental explanation. A study published in PNAS found that more close friends and denser social networks can lead to increased conflict and societal polarization.
A new mathematical framework, STIV, can predict larger-scale effects like proteins unfolding and crystals forming without costly simulations or experiments. The framework solves a 40-year-old problem in phase-field modeling, allowing for the design of smarter medicines and materials.
Researchers at the Niels Bohr Institute created an intermediate state between superconductor and total insulation by controlling quantum fluctuations in tiny superconducting islands. This 'anomalous metallic regime' is a crucial step toward more controllable and reliable quantum devices.
Scientists observed tiny but spontaneous distortions in the crystal lattice of Cu_xBi_2Se_3 as it entered a superconducting state. This marks the first clear evidence of a topological superconductor coupling to the crystal lattice, advancing understanding of exotic electronic states.
Researchers at Pohang University of Science & Technology experimentally demonstrated the existence of nanometer-sized liquid clusters in supercritical fluids, overturning the prevailing notion of a single phase. These clusters persisted for up to an hour and have significant implications for industrial processes and natural environments.
A team of physicists used statistical physics to create a recipe for the perfect cacio e pepe pasta sauce. The key lies in adding starch powder to emulsify and stabilize the sauce. This innovative approach has led to a consistent, creamy sauce every time.
Researchers have developed a system that processes information using a network of oscillators to solve combinatorial optimization problems. The device uses quantum properties to process data at room temperature, overcoming current limitations in processing power and energy consumption.
Researchers found that deep neural networks exhibit absorbing phase transitions, a phenomenon observed in physical systems like forest fires. This discovery provides a unified framework describing how the signal propagates between layers of neurons, enabling prediction of trainability and generalizability.
Scientists use human-AI collaboration to tackle complex questions in condensed matter physics, leveraging machine learning algorithms to identify patterns in simulation data. This approach successfully models the behavior of frustrated magnets and sheds light on quantum computing and gravity.
A team of scientists has simulated spontaneous symmetry breaking (SSB) at zero temperature using a quantum processor. The system evolved from an antiferromagnetic state to a ferromagnetic quantum state, revealing the formation of ordered patterns and quantum entanglement.
Researchers discovered that sunlight's oscillating electric field plays a crucial role in enhancing interfacial water evaporation. The stronger the electric field, the faster water evaporates. This finding has implications for engineering more efficient water-evaporation technologies.
A recent study published in JAMA Oncology suggests that modern phase 3 oncology trials often prioritize overall survival over quality of life, which may not accurately reflect patient needs. Future trial designs should focus on improving overall survival and quality-of-life outcomes to better represent patient experiences.
Researchers discovered solitonic superfluorescence in hybrid perovskites at room temperature, enabling exotic quantum states such as superconductivity and superfluidity. The study provides a blueprint for designing materials that can function at high temperatures, a crucial step forward for quantum technology development.
Researchers at Dartmouth College propose a new theory on the origin of dark matter, suggesting it could have formed from high-energy massless particles that rapidly condensed into cold, heavy particles. The theory can be tested using existing observational data, including the Cosmic Microwave Background radiation.
Researchers have used machine learning to study the melting of layered materials, discovering a complex two-step process that contradicts prior theories. The team identified changes in topological excitations as the key to understanding the unexpected melting behavior, enabling predictions up to 12 material layers.
Researchers at Washington State University have discovered a hybrid zinc telluride-based material that undergoes structural changes when subjected to pressure, making it a strong candidate for phase change memory. The material's layered structure and directional sensitivity open the door to additional uses in photonics.
The study reveals that eukaryogenesis occurred abruptly at a critical gene length of 1,500 nucleotides, marking the emergence of the eukaryotic cell. This phase transition was algorithmic, driven by the tension between increasing gene length and protein complexity.
Scientists studied rolling physics of real-world objects, including spheres and cylinders on inclines, finding periodic motion with predictable patterns. The research demonstrates topological theorems and illustrates abstract mathematics through simple experiments.
Researchers uncover the origin of mixed-order transitions, where a macroscopic change is triggered by microscopic cascades. The study reveals long-term fluctuations can lead to sudden transformations in systems like water freezing or societal conflicts.
The INHALE-3 extension study found that a regimen of inhaled technosphere insulin and insulin degludec reduced post-meal hyperglycemia in adults with type 1 diabetes. The treatment showed significant improvements in mean time in range, with 43% of participants expressing interest in continuing the regimen.
Researchers found that collective cell movement exhibits robust invariance across diverse systems, including cancer cells and bacteria. This discovery could lead to improved understanding of oncological diseases and tissue engineering, as well as applications in robot navigation and artificial intelligence.
Researchers from TU Delft studied FePS₃ nanomaterial, discovering how vibrations change near its phase transition temperature and affecting magnetic properties. The findings pave the way for ultra-sensitive sensors with exceptional sensitivity to internal and external forces.
A team of researchers observed first- and second-order dissipative phase transitions in a two-photon driven Kerr resonator, showcasing the transformative power of quantum systems. The study demonstrates the validity of theoretical predictions and opens new possibilities for engineering stable and responsive quantum systems.
Researchers have developed a COF-based porous liquid that can dynamically adjust its pore size in response to pressure change, significantly enhancing CO2 capture and catalytic conversion. This innovative material boasts a 24-fold higher efficiency for the reaction of CO₂ with propylene oxide compared to conventional methods.
The study reveals three distinct phases: liquid, solid, and plastic ice, with the latter exhibiting picosecond rotational motion. The implementation of state-of-the-art spectrometers and sample environments enabled the first experimental observation of plastic ice VII at high temperatures and pressures.
Researchers develop a novel approach to mitigate the troublesome chemical properties of ammonium nitrate by applying cocrystallization with glycine. The resulting cocrystal has decreased hygroscopicity and increased stability, making it safer and more environmentally friendly for industrial use.
A study published in Nature Materials reveals that cooperative particle rearrangements influence structural order and dynamic behavior in glass-forming liquids. The researchers identified a key process called T1, which maintains local order and leads to super-Arrhenius behavior.
Researchers at MIT have created a new magnetic state in an antiferromagnetic material using terahertz laser light, enabling controlled switching and potentially leading to more efficient memory chips. The technique provides a powerful tool for manipulating magnetism and advancing information processing technology.
Researchers create magnetically switchable materials by introducing chiral hydrogen bonds, allowing precise control over electron transfer. The study highlights the importance of molecular chirality in material performance.
Researchers at Iowa State University have found unusual phase transformations in silicon when subjected to large and permanent deformations. This discovery reduces the required pressure to create new material phases, opening up new possibilities for industrial applications.
Researchers discovered liquid crystals can form complex structures, including filaments and discs, similar to biological systems. These findings may lead to self-assembling materials and new ways to model cellular activity.
Researchers from the University of Cambridge have created a 2D version of the Bose glass, a novel phase of matter that challenges traditional statistical mechanics. The new phase exhibits non-ergodic behavior, meaning it retains its details, and has potential applications in quantum computing.
A team of researchers from NTT Corporation and Tokyo Institute of Technology has successfully achieved photonic topological phase transition by material phase transition. This breakthrough demonstrates the possibility to change the photonic topological phase in a reconfigurable manner, paving the way for novel research fields and promi...
A new study published in Physical Review Letters suggests that nanohertz gravitational waves may not originate from supercool first-order phase transitions. Researchers found that such transitions would struggle to complete, shifting the frequency of the waves away from nanohertz frequencies.
Scientists at Lehigh University are using mayonnaise to study Rayleigh-Taylor instability and its transition to a plastic regime. The researchers aim to better understand the physics of nuclear fusion through this unconventional approach.
Researchers at Lehigh University use mayonnaise to simulate the phases of Rayleigh-Taylor instability in nuclear fusion, which could inform the design of future inertial confinement fusion processes. The team found that understanding the transition between elastic and stable plastic phases is critical for controlling the instability.
A team of researchers has discovered a long-range charge-density wave order in a high-temperature superconductor induced by tensile-compressive strain, challenging conventional beliefs about magnetism as the primary driver. The findings have immense promise for elucidating the underlying mechanisms of high-temperature superconductivity.
Scientists have discovered that specific light wavelengths can induce non-equilibrium transitions in magnetite, a well-studied material. This breakthrough enables the control of electronic properties at ultrafast timescales, opening up new avenues for advanced materials and device development.
A new model suggests that strong policies can backfire in polarized societies if people perceive low risk, leading to a rebound in fossil fuel use. In highly polarized situations, social interactions reinforce dominant norms, making it harder for subsequent transitions to occur.
Researchers discovered that brain's structural features are consistent with a phase transition in humans, mice and fruit flies, suggesting a universal governing principle. The findings could enable new designs for computational models of the brain's complexity.
A team of researchers led by Nigel Goldenfeld and Björn Hof used statistical mechanics to study turbulence in fluid flows. They discovered that the transitions between laminar and turbulent flows occur through a non-equilibrium phase transition, known as directed percolation, at the critical point of the transition.
Researchers at Texas A&M University are investigating the historical effects of strain on shape-memory alloys to improve predictive capabilities. They will use a synergistic experimental and numerical approach to understand and predict history effects in these alloys, with potential applications in heart stents and airplane wing flaps.
A new study finds that government plans for coal phase-out around the world include monetary compensation to affected parties, with a total estimated global cost of USD 200 billion. However, if China and India were to adopt similar plans, the cost would skyrocket to over USD 2 trillion. The researchers argue that international finance ...
Researchers from the University of Portsmouth unveiled a quantum sensing scheme that enhances superresolution imaging techniques, circumventing traditional limitations like diffraction. The new technique achieves unprecedented levels of precision, paving the way for new high-precision sensing schemes.
A mathematical model developed by Alexandre Solon and Eric Bertin describes the movement of particles in situations similar to cars on a road or bacteria attracted to a nutrient source. The model identifies conditions that favor traffic jams, including high vehicle density and driver inertia.
Scientists at Shandong University have created a novel approach to fabricate high-performance NiTiNb shape memory alloys using laser powder bed fusion. The in-situ alloying process yields good mechanical and functional properties, surpassing conventional casting methods. By integrating material synthesis and structure forming, research...
Researchers at KAIST have developed a novel ultra-low power memory device that can replace existing memory or be used in implementing neuromorphic computing. The new phase change memory device consumes 15 times less power than conventional devices, enabling the development of low-cost and energy-efficient artificial intelligence hardware.
Rice University engineers have demonstrated a way to control the optical properties of T centers, paving the way toward leveraging these point defects for building quantum nodes. By embedding a T center in a photonic integrated circuit, they increased the collection efficiency for single photon emission by two orders of magnitude.
Researchers at NTNU's Department of Chemistry have developed a method to increase the calculation speed of chemical reactions by 30-40 times. By connecting 20 computers and optimizing data exchange, they achieved this significant improvement, enabling previously impractical calculations to be performed.
Professor Kostya Trachenko develops a general theory for predicting melting points, resolving a century-long puzzle. The new framework incorporates recent advancements in liquid theory and reveals a surprising universality across different material types.
Jinyoung Park and SueYeon Chung from New York University have been awarded Sloan Research Fellowships for their groundbreaking research in math and neuroscience. The fellowships recognize their exceptional creativity, innovation, and accomplishments, paving the way for them to lead research agendas in their respective fields.
In a phase 2 clinical trial, zilebesiran significantly reduced 24-hour mean ambulatory systolic blood pressure in adults with mild to moderate hypertension. The treatment was administered subcutaneously at varying doses and intervals, demonstrating its potential as an RNA interference therapeutic for managing hypertension.
A team of researchers has identified the intrinsic interactions responsible for light-induced ferroelectricity in SrTiO3. By measuring fluctuations in atomic positions, they found that mid-infrared excitation suppresses certain lattice vibrations, leading to a more ordered dipolar structure.
Scientists develop a new design strategy for molecular-sized gears in crystals, allowing for controllable shifting of motion. The creation of molecular gears could lead to the development of versatile, new materials with unique properties.
Researchers at IBS achieve real-time observation of molecular ion formation and structural evolution using MeV-UED, unveiling a stable 'dark state' and ring-shaped intermediate ions. This breakthrough advances understanding of ion chemistry and its applications.
Researchers have found that increasing pressure suppresses a regular atomic arrangement called Peierls-like distortion, which is crucial for phase-change materials. This discovery may lead to the development of new materials for advanced phase-change memory and other applications.