Researchers at Salk Institute launched a machine learning framework called ShortStop to explore overlooked DNA regions and discover microproteins with potential roles in disease. The tool identified 210 new microprotein candidates in lung cancer data, including one validated target for therapeutic treatment.
A new study by Stanford researchers reveals that declining proteostasis in the brain leads to increased protein aggregation, which is linked to neurodegenerative diseases. The findings were made using the turquoise killifish model, and shed light on the fundamental molecular principles of aging.
A team of researchers is using NCSA resources to simulate the long-term progression of atrial fibrillation, a type of irregular heartbeat. By modeling the heart's electrical activity, they have uncovered a vicious cycle where adaptations to maintain calcium balance lead to continued arrhythmias and eventually a permanent condition.
The Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope will feature a 'sunblock' shield made of lightweight yet stiff panels designed to limit heat transfer. The observatory's instruments will benefit from this design, which can detect faint signals from space.
The updated guideline emphasizes watchful waiting as the preferred approach for most bacterial sinus infections, while also providing clearer guidance on antibiotic use. The new recommendations aim to reduce unnecessary antibiotic prescriptions and promote effective symptomatic treatments.
A new CRISPR-based system enables rapid on-site pathogen detection in wastewater, reducing costs by 50% compared to traditional methods. This innovation paves the way for sustainable epidemic surveillance in resource-limited regions.
Researchers at Indian Institute of Science have discovered a long-sought mechanism employed by primitive land plants to regulate plant growth. They found that the non-canonical regulation of the DELLA protein is crucial for promoting growth and development in flowering plants.
Researchers found that larger fish shoals become more accurate and faster at detecting real threats and distinguishing them from harmless disturbances. The findings suggest that large animal collectives can overcome trade-offs between speed and accuracy, and may operate under a state of criticality, optimizing information flow.
Four new tarantula species have been discovered in the Arabian Peninsula and Horn of Africa, featuring extraordinary long palps on males to aid in mating. The genus Satyrex boasts a range of distinct characteristics, including bright coloration and fossorial habits.
Researchers at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital identified virtual memory T cells, a specialized group of immune cells, which provide nonspecific immunity for infants early in life. These cells are a bridge between innate and adaptive immunity, allowing the adaptive immune system time to develop true memory.
Researchers developed nanosized, porous oxyhalide photocatalysts that achieve record performance in producing hydrogen from water and converting carbon dioxide to formic acid using sunlight. The breakthrough offers a scalable, eco-friendly approach to solar fuel production by carefully controlling particle size and structure.
This review highlights the potential of MXene-Ti3C2Tx as a universal platform for neuromorphic devices, offering sub-femtojoule synaptic events and nanosecond response times. The material enables flexible, multimodal, and biocompatible systems that classical silicon cannot match.
A new study by MIT researchers introduces a method for machine learning with symmetry that is provably efficient, clarifying a foundational question in the field. This approach could lead to more powerful AI models designed to handle symmetry, benefiting applications such as drug discovery and materials science.
Researchers developed microrobots that can navigate complex biological environments, such as intestines, to deliver drugs with high accuracy. The devices use magnetic fields to steer and release medication, offering a promising solution for treating inflammatory bowel disease and other conditions.
Researchers conducted a randomized clinical trial to compare low- and high-dose methylprednisolone with azithromycin for treating severe Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia. The study found that lower dose regimen of glucocorticoids is sufficient, equally effective, and safer than the high dose regimen.
A new study found that heavy drinking among women with a high desire to avoid becoming pregnant increased their risk of undesired pregnancy by 50% compared to moderate or non-drinking levels. In contrast, cannabis use did not elevate the risk of undesired pregnancy.
The new book Spinal Surgery Biomechanics: Principles for Residents offers a comprehensive exploration of core biomechanical concepts essential for mastering spinal surgical procedures. It bridges the gap between theory and practice, providing a biomechanical framework that supports surgical planning and patient safety.
A new study found that one in six men with low-grade prostate cancer (GG1) actually have intermediate- or high-risk cancer when other clinical features are considered. This suggests that relying on biopsy grade alone can lead to underestimating disease risk and misclassifying individuals who may benefit from definitive treatment.
Research suggests that consuming high levels of sucralose can make cancer treatment less effective by disrupting the gut microbiome and altering T cell function. However, adding arginine or citrulline supplements to the diet may restore immunotherapy effectiveness in patients with melanoma and non-small cell lung cancer.
A research team developed an innovative unsupervised model for industrial anomaly detection using paired well-lit and low-light images. The model leverages feature maps, Low-pass Feature Enhancement, and Illumination-aware Feature Enhancement to detect anomalies while remaining lightweight and memory-efficient.
Researchers discovered long-lived mantle plumes (~150 Myr) responsible for the Proto-Tethys Ocean's formation. The study revealed that these plumes initiated oceanic subduction, rifting, and break-up of continents.
Researchers used ChatGPT to assess patient eligibility for clinical trials, identifying suitable candidates within minutes. The AI was more accurate than GPT-3.5 but slightly slower and more expensive.
Researchers used space-based instruments to measure a record-setting megaflash spanning 515 miles from Texas to Kansas City. Megaflashes are rare, occurring less than 1% of the time, and can be deadly, striking people up to 15 miles from their storm origin.
The MISSION Act implementation led to significant decreases in travel times for eligible veterans seeking non-VA care. However, this shift was linked to a rise in major adverse cardiovascular events within 30 days of procedures like percutaneous coronary intervention and coronary artery bypass grafting.
A new gene therapy strategy has shown multi-year protection from HIV/AIDS infection in newborns via broadly neutralizing antibodies. The treatment, administered once at birth, could prevent HIV-1 transmission during breastfeeding, especially in areas where access to antiretroviral medications is limited.
The study reveals a spatiotemporal separation in the processing of distinct pre-rRNAs within the nucleolus, contradicting traditional models. The findings suggest that small subunit (SSU) pre-rRNA is predominantly processed within the inner FC–PDFC regions, while large subunit (LSU) pre-rRNA matures gradually in the outer PDFC–GC regions.
Researchers have mapped the microbiome of agri-food systems, revealing how diverse and balanced microbes keep our food safe, nutritious, and sustainable. The map highlights areas where targeted interventions such as probiotics and biofertilizers can improve food quality and reduce antibiotic use.
Researchers have developed a modified near-infrared annealing process that turns blade-coated perovskite films into record-performing solar modules in just 20 seconds. The process slashes processing time by 30 times and halves energy use while delivering superior film quality.
Researchers discovered that magnetized surfaces significantly influence amyloid protein assembly, forming more fibrils and longer structures when aligned in one direction. The study suggests a new physical factor, Chiral-Induced Spin Selectivity (CISS), plays a direct role in protein self-assembly.
Researchers at Washington University in St. Louis have successfully induced a reversible torpor-like state in mice using focused ultrasound, offering a novel strategy for medical interventions. This technology aims to reduce energy demand and preserve organs for transplantation, promising to transform medicine.
The ERIC system combines doorbell cameras and AI to analyze rainfall estimation and automatically adjusts irrigation schedules for more precise water use. Researchers estimate users can save up to $29/month in utility costs and 9,000 gallons of water per month with the innovative irrigation system.
The research team developed a platinum bilayer cluster catalyst that achieves 99.9% silane conversion and 97.1% anti-Markovnikov selectivity, outperforming single-atom and nanoparticle catalysts. The catalyst's stable performance is attributed to strong silane adsorption and stable Pt-CeO2 interfacial bonding.
Recent AI advancements enable more accurate and objective embryo health assessments, enhancing IVF outcomes. Traditional methods rely heavily on human interpretation, leading to inconsistencies and subjectivity.
Researchers found that murder-suicide events occurred at an average of 820 deaths annually between 2016-2022, with the majority involving current or former intimate partners. Strengthening domestic violence screening and intervention programs is crucial to prevent these tragic outcomes.
Researchers at Stanford University have developed a novel nanodevice that manipulates light using sound waves, enabling precise control over color and intensity. This breakthrough has significant implications for various fields, including computer displays, virtual reality, and optical communications.
The Gerontological Society of America has elected new officers, including Blanka Rogina as Vice President. The organization, which serves over 6,000 members worldwide, aims to advance aging research, education, and practice through innovation and collaboration.
Researchers detected traces of nitazene in discarded injecting equipment and syringes in Adelaide, Australia. Nitazenes led to 32 overdose deaths with 84% of patients unaware of the synthetic opioid's presence.
Researchers have mapped microbial networks underpinning healthy food systems, highlighting the need for integrated approaches to address climate crisis, antibiotic overuse and pesticide reliance. This work is driving microbiome-based solutions for animal, human and environmental health.
Researchers developed designer enzymes by transplanting a synthetic trinuclear zinc center into a human cytokine, resulting in a top-tier hydrolytic activity. The designer enzyme retained the original tautomerase activity, achieving dual functionality.
Researchers found that decompression with a nasogastric tube is linked to reduced complications in patients after oesophageal cancer surgery. This challenges declining trend of abandoning the tube post-surgery, which was previously thought to be safe.
Researchers at Cornell University have discovered that hot Jupiter exoplanets can exhibit polarizing dust interactions, similar to Earth's atmospheric phenomena. Silicate crystals in these exoplanets' atmospheres may align due to high-speed winds, producing observable effects like sun dogs.
The study found that zinc leaches from the needle shield into the drug solution when stored at 40 degrees, contributing to syringe clogging. When stored correctly at 5 degrees, no zinc was detected.
A study found that semaglutide and liraglutide use are associated with a higher risk of nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy in older patients with type 2 diabetes. The GLP-1 receptor agonists showed varying levels of risk, with liraglutide posing the greatest threat.
Researchers developed a low-cost visual microphone that listens with light instead of sound, capturing tiny vibrations on surfaces caused by sound waves and turning them into audible signals. The system uses single-pixel imaging to detect sound and can recover high-quality audio using everyday objects like paper cards and leaves.
Researchers validated panels of antibodies targeting clinically relevant nucleic acid modifications to visualize antisense oligonucleotides in both in vitro and in vivo studies. The tools enable detection of modified nucleic acids irrespective of sequence, facilitating multiple clinical and pre-clinical workflows.
Researchers identified a new strategy to repair damaged heart tissue by reactivating the PSAT1 gene through synthetic modified messenger RNA. The study found that mice treated with PSAT1-modRNA showed robust increases in cardiomyocyte proliferation, reduced tissue scarring, and improved heart function.
Researchers discovered hibernator-specific DNA regions near the FTO locus that regulate metabolism, allowing hibernators to pack on fat reserves before hibernation. These findings could lead to treatments for human metabolic disorders by tuning up or down gene activity like an orchestra conductor fine-tunes music volume.
A new AI model uses a combination of data, including real-time glucose levels from wearable monitors, to provide a more nuanced view of diabetes risk. It flags early signs of diabetes risk that standard HbA1c tests may miss.
The device monitors healing remotely, reducing the need for frequent physical contact and minimizing infection risks. It uses integrated sensors to track key healing indicators, including inflammation, pH, and temperature levels.
Cambridge scientists have developed a new drug that has the potential to reduce brain damage from stroke by blocking ischaemia-reperfusion injury. The treatment, acidified disodium malonate (aDSM), was shown to decrease brain damage by as much as 60% in mice with stroke-induced brain damage.
Researchers at Rutgers University have discovered a new quantum state, called quantum liquid crystal, at the interface of two exotic materials. This finding offers characteristics that could pave the way for advanced technological applications and new quantum devices.
A coalition of independent scientists is supporting a global plastics treaty to protect human health and the environment from plastic pollution. The scientists' coalition emphasizes the need for essential use, transparency, safety and sustainability criteria for plastics.
Early primates transitioned to grass-based diets without typical adaptations, with changes in dental morphology lagging behavioral shifts by 700,000 years. This supports the concept of behavioral drive in primate evolution, suggesting that behavior can precede and initiate morphological specialization.
A recent study challenges the idea that specialization with sea anemones explains clownfish diversification. Researchers identified 'eco-morphotypes' independent of host specialisation, with some species expending less energy for swimming and regularly swimming away from their anemones.
A study found that trigger warnings have little effect on students' perception of instructors and classroom environments. In contrast, safe space messages foster a positive atmosphere, increasing feelings of comfort, trustworthiness, and openness to discussion.
Researchers at Baylor College of Medicine conducted a detailed molecular analysis of muscle-invasive bladder cancer tumors to identify potential new ways to treat those cancers. The study found specific protein isoforms and pathways linked to resistance, as well as potential therapeutic targets.
A study found that immunoglobulin replacement therapy was ineffective in reducing serious infections requiring hospitalization among CLL patients. Despite increasing use of the therapy, infection rates remained high, highlighting a need for better clinical guidelines and evaluation of treatment duration.
Monthly gamblers in Massachusetts reported higher levels of sports betting, gambling intensity, and harms, with negative attitudes towards gambling increasing. Problem gambling rates jumped to 28% in the fall of 2024, driven by financial and family harms. Harm reduction strategies are urgently needed.
Recent research reveals parvalbumin interneurons contribute to the tonotopic organization of the auditory cortex. PV inhibitory neurons are crucial for maintaining tonotopy strength. The study provides new insight into spatial encoding mechanisms of sensory information in the cortex.
Advances in endometrial cancer screening include molecular biomarkers, AI, and non-invasive diagnostics. Methylation panels show high sensitivity (>90%) and promise early detection.