Tropical cyclone activity and coastal hazards in East Asia are shifting northward, with landfall likelihood increasing at higher latitudes. The study found a significant redistribution of danger, with some areas becoming more exposed as tropical cyclones move northward.
Research suggests that global warming may lead to an 80% increase in 'east-dominated' Indian Ocean Dipole events, which can cause extreme rainfall and drought in certain regions. The study used 40 climate models to assess the impact of these events and found a systematic bias in the models' representation of the ocean region.
A new study published in Advances in Atmospheric Sciences uses balloon-borne instruments to track the journey of desert dust to the tropopause layer over the northern Tibetan Plateau. The research provides valuable observational data for evaluating dust-transport models and highlights the importance of sustained balloon observations.
A tethered balloon campaign revealed a strong link between aerosols and cloud droplets, with more aerosols containing more droplets and smaller average sizes. The study also found weak electrical activity in clouds without lightning, with no clear linear relationship to droplet number or size.
China's 2025 climate report reveals distinct warm-wet conditions, with the national annual-mean temperature tied as the highest on record. Annual precipitation was above normal, with new records set for rainfall amount and duration in various regions.
A new physics-inspired model, PI-TGNet, can generate regional thunderstorm-gust identification maps every 10 minutes with high accuracy. The model integrates ground-based weather stations, weather radar, and satellite observations to learn characteristic wind-speed changes before thunderstorm gusts.
High-resolution ocean models struggle to capture internal lee waves due to excessive boundary-layer mixing. Reducing the critical bulk Richardson number improves the simulated thermal structure and wave signal.
A new study finds that greening in China generally cools the local climate with more rainfall, while greening in India tends to produce warming and less rainfall. The simultaneous greening of China and India yields uniform climate feedbacks across over half of the global lands, producing cooler and wetter conditions in southern China, ...
Compound heatwave-PM2.5 events are becoming more frequent in India, driven by climate-driven atmospheric circulation changes. Large-scale circulation patterns intensify heat and promote secondary aerosol formation, increasing particle concentrations and health risks.
Compound heatwaves over the Yangtze River Basin show a 10-30 day rhythm, with a two-stage process of increased moisture and anticyclonic conditions favoring warm and humid lower atmosphere. This results in intense daytime heating and unusually warm nights, highlighting the importance of early signals for heatwave prediction.
A new study reveals that human emissions cuts have affected Greenland ice, with sulfate and nitrate levels changing after 1990. The study, which analyzed a 79-meter ice core, found that pollution controls reduced emissions in North America and Europe, but their effects on the ice core impurities diverged after 1990.
Compound hot-dry events on the Tibetan Plateau are modulated by ENSO and North Atlantic Oscillation, with regional differences in surface energy processes driving warming and drying, and local land-atmosphere interactions exacerbating feedback loops.
A new study demonstrates TanSat-2's ability to distinguish between human carbon emissions and ecosystem carbon sinks. The satellite's observations of CO2 and chlorophyll fluorescence can simultaneously constrain net primary productivity and fossil fuel combustion emissions, leading to significant error reductions.
New research suggests that declining UV radiation may alter plant–microbe interactions and carbon cycling in Antarctic tundra. The weakened carbon sink can amplify respiratory carbon loss, particularly in eastern lowland tundra where penguin activity is strong.
A new study found that off-equatorial Pacific warming halted La Niña development by inducing equatorial westerly wind anomalies, breaking the Bjerknes feedback. Climate models have been improved by refining ensemble forecasting frameworks to fully integrate off-equatorial ocean signals.
Researchers used X-band phased-array radar data to improve tornado simulation capabilities, enhancing disaster risk reduction in vulnerable regions. The study found that assimilating radar wind data strengthened the storm's spinning motion, predicting the tornado's path most accurately.
Research shows that pressure measurements from smartphones can enhance hailstorm forecasts, outperforming traditional weather stations in some cases. The study aims to integrate smartphone data into forecast models for better early warnings and local-scale hazard capture.
A study published in Advances in Atmospheric Sciences reveals that persistent ocean warming in the South Pacific during 2023-2024 was driven by two consecutive anomalous anticyclones over the region. The warming signal extended to depths of about 1000 m, leading to record-high sea surface temperatures and upper-2000-m ocean heat content.
A new study establishes a fundamental limit of weather prediction at 129 days under ideal conditions, where errors smaller than today's forecasts may behave. This finding offers forecasters a new perspective and a tangible target for future advancements.
The new radiative transfer model CARE-RTM simulates sunlight propagation through the atmosphere and ocean with enhanced precision and speed. It provides a tool for extracting climate and environmental information from satellite data.
The Three Gorges region recorded its second-hottest year on record in 2025, with an average temperature 1.1°C above normal, and the most extreme autumn rainfall in 43 years. Persistent heatwaves and torrential rains caused widespread flooding and posed new challenges for disaster prevention and engineering project safety.
A new study reveals that tropical atmospheric phenomena act as 'gatekeepers' for cold surges, controlling their path and triggering devastating floods. The team found that pressure anomalies, sea surface temperature, and other factors modulate the surge's pathway, improving regional weather forecasting and early warning systems.
A team of 23 researchers from 14 nations identifies three research priorities: winter aerosols, clouds, and feedback; winter storms and sea ice interactions; and polar-global teleconnections. These processes are highly under-observed due to their high variability and logistical challenges.
A new study reveals that summer concurrent hot and dry events in China intensify due to different physical driving mechanisms in western and east-central regions. Western China's trends are driven by anthropogenic warming, while east-central China's hazards stem from coupled monsoon decline, drought amplification, and heat feedback.
Scientists found clear and systematic drifts in global models' forecasts of Rossby wave breaking, which can weaken high-impact weather patterns. The jet stream's wind shear is a key factor in these errors, and biases in jet structure can echo through the forecast chain.
A recent study reveals that vegetation's water-saving effect under rising CO2 is overestimated due to atmospheric feedbacks. This indirect impact can increase surface energy balance, leading to warming and enhanced atmospheric evaporative demand.
A new study highlights the dual threat of extreme humid heat and catastrophic rainfall during the Indian monsoon, while also revealing a powerful new tool to predict the monsoon up to two years in advance. The research paints a sobering picture of climate change's impact on the region.
A Chinese research team has developed a deep learning model that can predict the South Indian Ocean Dipole (SIOD) seven months in advance, outperforming traditional dynamical forecasting systems. The model uses sea surface temperature and ocean heat content anomalies as inputs and automatically learns key features of ocean temperature ...
Researchers have observed high water-vapor supersaturation in tropical convective clouds, which can enhance condensation and release latent heat. This finding supports the concept of condensational aerosol convective invigoration, where aerosol particles create new droplets and strengthen updrafts.
New global kilometer-scale models have improved storm simulations, capturing details like system duration, propagation speed, and rainfall intensity. However, the models share biases, producing too many short-lived, small-scale MCSs with intense rainfall rates.
A new study by researchers from the Institute of Atmospheric Physics at the Chinese Academy of Sciences reveals that reforestation has varying effects on water resources under different warming scenarios. Under low-warming conditions, reforestation slightly increases global water but widens the gap between wet and dry regions. In contr...
Research reveals volcanic eruptions shape monsoon dynamics on centennial timescales, cooling the Northern Hemisphere and reducing cross-equatorial moisture transport. This process, combined with a mega-ENSO-like sea surface temperature anomaly pattern, decreases rainfall across Asian, North African, and North American monsoon regions.
A new study reveals that North America experienced stronger enrichment of oxygen isotopes in the north during the last deglaciation, while the south showed a muted response. The researchers used climate simulations to explain this difference, attributing it to changes in atmospheric circulation and moisture sources.
The study reveals a striking future intensification of the upper-level Hadley circulation under different climate scenarios, with the Southern Hemisphere showing higher sensitivity to global warming.
A new study suggests that a strengthened and southward-shifted westerly jet may partly offset drying in Asian drylands. The research found that the Eurasian Subtropical Westerly Jet is projected to strengthen and shift southward during summer, enhancing moisture advection into Central Asia.
A new study reveals that dark brown carbon from wildfires has a powerful warming effect on the global climate, potentially exceeding that of black carbon. The research found that this 'dark brown carbon' absorbs light well into the visible spectrum, amplifying regional and global warming.
Researchers introduced a simplified soil vapor transport scheme to address a common issue in conventional land-surface models, which struggle to realistically represent soil drying in arid regions. The revised model produces more realistic drying in near-surface soil layers by representing the movement of water vapor through soil pores.
China's air quality has shown significant improvement in 2025, with a decrease in PM2.5 and O3 concentrations compared to the 2022-2024 average. However, high-impact air pollution events such as severe pollution episodes, dust storms, and compound pollution events remain major challenges.
A research team used satellites to quantify sulfur dioxide (SO₂) emissions from the March 2026 refinery fires in Tehran, Iran. Total emissions were estimated at 2.98×10^4 tons, with peak concentrations reaching 2.0 DU.
Research reveals tropical cyclones contribute to ocean carbon outgassing but its role is decreasing due to global warming. If emissions remain high, they may reverse to enhancing ocean carbon uptake, accelerating ocean acidification.
A new study reveals that the Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS) is more fragile than thought, with its dependence on data from various nations making it vulnerable to losses. The system's vulnerability is not just about data volume, but also geographic reach, emphasizing the need for a genuinely global, coordinated system.
Global sea level has risen by 2.06 millimeters per year since 1960, doubling in recent decades, primarily due to accelerated ocean warming and reduced land water storage. The study resolves a long-standing mystery by closing the budget gap with improved instruments and analysis.
A recent study has uncovered a detailed mechanism by which Himalayan storms contribute to increasing moisture in the lower stratosphere. Gravity waves generated by deep convection play a crucial role in this process, allowing water vapor and ice particles to move between atmospheric layers.
A study finds that a warming climate leads to more shallow tropical cyclones, which differ from deep cyclones in terms of hazard risks. Shallow cyclones can produce comparable extreme rainfall events as deep cyclones, highlighting the need for reassessment of future cyclone-related hydrological hazards.
Multi-year La Niña events are becoming more common due to two distinct pathways that can lead to long-lasting cooling in the Pacific Ocean. The study found that a pattern of anomalous sea surface temperatures south of the equator, known as the South Pacific Meridional Mode (SPMM), can sustain La Niña by slowing its natural decay.
A new study developed China's high-precision, 1 km resolution soil moisture dataset using machine learning techniques. This dataset enables daily monitoring of soil dryness and wetness conditions across the country, providing critical support for drought early warning, flood forecasting, and agricultural management.
The upper-level subtropical westerly jet over East Asia shows a weakened long-term trend under orbital forcing but strengthens under greenhouse gas forcing. This study challenges the simple assumption that warming means weakening and suggests the jet could become stronger under future global warming.
Researchers have discovered that changes in African topography led to enhanced South Asian summer monsoon precipitation during the Early to Middle Miocene. This phenomenon was driven by altered atmospheric circulation patterns and moisture transport, resulting in increased convective activity and strengthening of the monsoon. The findi...
The East Asian Subtropical Westerly Jet (EASWJ) and East Asian Summer Monsoon (EASM) relationship shows stable anti-phase changes across three climate periods. A significant mode shift is identified in the second MV-EOF mode, with varying relationships between EASWJ displacement and EASM intensity.
A new review paper reveals that land surfaces in humid monsoon regions shape precipitation characteristics through complex interactions. High-resolution satellite observations and convection-permitting climate models reveal a nuanced understanding of surface moisture, energy balance, and atmospheric dynamics. This challenges the tradit...