A new AI framework corrects forecast biases, achieving a 20% reduction in root-mean-square error for air temperature forecasts. The model supports bias correction of oceanic variables, enhancing forecast accuracy in meteorological and oceanic scenarios.
Research reveals increased interannual temperature variability over China, with greater summer variability during the Last Interglacial and stronger winter variability during the Last Glacial Maximum. This study provides a critical long-term perspective for understanding future changes in extreme temperature events.
A new study forecasts disruptive Siberian-Arctic heatwaves up to one month in advance by monitoring Arctic stratospheric ozone depletion and Kara Sea ice loss. The model correctly predicted six out of seven major SAH events since 1979.
The Shanghuang Observatory is a key research center for atmospheric physics in China, playing a crucial role in enhancing the country’s weather forecasting capabilities. The observatory has made significant contributions to improving weather prediction models, supporting disaster prevention and mitigation efforts.
Researchers identified two types of extreme warm events: warm-wet and warm-dry, with distinct underlying weather patterns and physical mechanisms. Warm-wet events are more frequent, driven by a dipole pressure pattern that traps heat and leads to warming and precipitation.
Research reveals a cross-seasonal connection between tropical Pacific Ocean warming and Antarctic stratospheric changes, with warming in the tropics leading to weakening of the polar vortex and ozone depletion. The study improves predictions of Southern Hemisphere climate patterns and offers insights into Antarctic ozone variability.
A new study reveals hidden ocean heatwaves in the South China Sea, threatening biodiversity and fisheries. The research team identified the northeastern basin as a persistent hotspot, with heat transport from the Kuroshio amplifying subsurface warming.
The study investigates ocean-atmosphere variability under Miocene-like high-CO2 conditions to evaluate climate-model performance in warm climates. ENSO variability peaked under 3×CO2 and was damped under 4×CO2, with El Niño events exhibiting longer mean duration than La Niña events.
A study finds that high wintertime total column ozone over the Qinghai Tibetan Plateau triggers changes in North Pacific sea surface temperatures. Higher ozone levels drive eastward-propagating Rossby wave trains, which in turn cause southward ocean currents and lower temperatures in the subtropical central-western North Pacific.
A new study reveals that volcanic eruptions can trigger rainfall patterns similar to those produced by natural climate variability, effectively 'projecting' their influence onto the ocean-driven cycles. The research identifies a complex interplay between natural climate phenomena and volcanic forcing, with implications for climate inte...
Researchers found that increasing weather forecasting model resolution to the kilometre scale can improve predictions of flash floods and landslides. Higher-resolution simulations accurately captured storm intensity, timing, and location, while lower-resolution models smoothed out critical wind pattern details.
A new study found that Northwest China's precipitation increase since the late 1990s is largely driven by local sources, including enhanced evapotranspiration. The region's humidification trend is fueled by warming temperatures, vegetation recovery, and increased meltwater from glaciers and snowpack.
A new process-based model, SAL-GPP, has been developed to accurately assess the carbon sequestration capacity of global salt marshes. The model reveals that global salt marshes have an average annual gross primary production of 66.89 Tg C yr⁻¹, with hotspots in regions like China's southeastern coast and Western Europe.
A new study suggests climate models may underestimate natural variability in monsoons, leading to an earlier detection of human-caused changes. Researchers used 'super-simulations' to analyze 550 climate models and found that projection uncertainty stems from model differences and internal variability.
Researchers develop a probabilistic framework to predict turbulence onset in flow systems, enabling better forecasting of extreme weather events and understanding climate tipping points. This approach has potential implications for atmospheric science, aviation, and meteorology.
A recent study has clarified the record-late monsoon onset in Australia, defining its critical impact on water security and cattle industry. The researchers found that local wind conditions over Darwin prevented the upper-level winds from switching to easterlies.
A recent study published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres confirms that lunar observations can accurately capture Earth's outgoing radiation, revealing its global radiation fingerprint. The research team used spherical harmonic functions to filter out local weather noise and extract planet-scale dominant signals.
A new study reveals that strong Central Pacific El Niños self-destruct due to negative feedbacks from distant oceans, while weaker events survive by forming a lasting partnership with the North Pacific climate pattern. This discovery enables forecasting months in advance with over 80% accuracy.
Researchers improve extreme precipitation forecast accuracy using a novel CNOP-I scheme in a convection-allowing ensemble prediction system. The new method captures nonlinear evolution characteristics of weather systems, leading to more accurate predictions and reduced uncertainty.
Researchers have identified four synoptic patterns contributing to summer clustered extreme precipitation events in Northeast China, including eastward-moving low-altitude vortex and southwesterlies. The study provides a robust assessment of prerequisite conditions for these events and offers insights into short-term forecasting.
The Earth's ocean stored more heat in 2025 than in any year since modern measurements began, with a record-high increase of 23 Zetta Joules. The findings indicate stronger ocean warming trends since the 1990s and highlight the importance of reducing emissions to mitigate climate change.
A recent study reveals that the Circum-global Teleconnection Pattern (CGT) weakens under global warming, leading to changes in regional heatwave duration. The research found a significant increase in heatwave duration over Eastern Europe, Tibetan Plateau, and North America, while a decrease was observed over the Middle East.
Scientists develop subseasonal forecasting tools to provide timely, actionable information for governments and industries. These forecasts offer a 'sweet spot' between short-term precision and long-term planning.
Researchers Min Chen and Liangchen Guo developed a new system using Fengyun-4B satellite data and regional numerical forecast model RMAPS-ST to improve ultra-short-term solar irradiance forecasting. The system achieved significant reductions in forecast errors, particularly in warm seasons and short-term forecasts.
A new study maps the real-time evolution of thirdhand smoke, revealing a dynamic source of continuous air pollution in indoor spaces. Thirdhand smoke maintains a stable presence in the air for extended periods and becomes more nitrogen-rich over time.
Global climate change intensifies extreme weather events like heatwaves and droughts, altering wildfire patterns worldwide. The study quantifies the impact of 'hot drought' on 2025 LA wildfires, showing an increased risk by up to 210%. Additionally, strong Santa Ana winds played a significant role in fire spread.
The EPICC model significantly improves the accuracy of simulating PM₂.₅ and ozone, addressing issues found in traditional models. The open-source framework is designed to facilitate collaboration and provide a more effective decision-making tool for China and other rapidly developing countries.
A team of Chinese scientists has developed a new model, GoMars, to simulate Martian dust cycles and global-scale dust storms. The 50-year simulation predicts consistent seasonal and spatial patterns, including the timing of peak dust devil lifting and intense dust devil activity in Amazonis region.
Researchers identify spatial characteristics of initial errors triggering predictability barriers in IOD events, affecting summer weather forecasts. The study provides insights into dynamical mechanisms and sensitive regions for targeted observations to improve IOD event predictions.
A new study reveals that rapid temperature fluctuations have intensified under global warming, posing significant health risks. The research defines these events as occurring when the temperature difference between two consecutive days exceeds historical records, leading to more frequent and sharp swings between temperature extremes.
A recent study reveals vast regions of the ocean are experiencing compound state change, with simultaneous warming, salinity changes, oxygen loss, and acidification. This framework enables scientists to identify areas most affected and monitor climate risks.
A new study reveals that surface dynamics and aerosol processes were the key drivers behind the extraordinary 2010 heatwave in western Russia. The researchers used a model-free approach to quantify the contributions of individual radiative and dynamical processes, finding surface dynamics to be the primary contributor.
A new study reveals a significant interdecadal shift in European summer hot days around 1998, driven by remote climate signals and exacerbated by regional land–atmosphere processes. Soil moisture decreased over Europe, intensifying the land–air coupling strength, leading to enhanced hot days.
A new study using CALIOP lidar data found nearly 10% of atmospheric profiles feature ambiguous transition zones between clouds and aerosols. The high frequency of these zones poses a challenge to current climate models, highlighting the need for more sophisticated representations of atmospheric particles.
A team of researchers has developed an improved version of the Zebiak-Cane model by fine-tuning key atmospheric parameters, resulting in more realistic ENSO simulations. The study demonstrates that adjusting heating efficiency, drag coefficient, and frictional coefficient can mitigate biases and improve the model's realism.
A new real-time prediction method for September Arctic sea-ice extent has been developed using interannual increment and stepwise regression approaches. The study demonstrates high predictive performance compared to long short-term memory neural networks, with smaller prediction errors and greater stability.
Researchers identify unique interannual variability in East China Sea summer precipitation, distinct from Western North Pacific subtropical high. Local cyclonic anomaly plays key role in promoting enhanced precipitation over the ECS.
A new study projects that sustained carbon neutrality efforts will fundamentally reshape global monsoon patterns, leading to a more balanced distribution of vital rains. The path to carbon neutrality unfolds in two phases, with an initial temporary increase in rainfall imbalance between the Northern and Southern Hemispheres.
A new rain correction approach using dual-frequency measurements from the WindRAD instrument aboard the FY-3E satellite significantly improves wind measurement accuracy during moderate rainfall. The method reduces wind speed root-mean-square errors by approximately 0.2 m s−1 and wind direction errors by about 1.6°.
A recent study found that the Asian summer monsoon activity in June 2021 actually exacerbated the intensity of the heatwave, rather than cooling it down. The study suggests that this occurred due to an anomalously strong Pacific jet stream and specific background atmospheric circulation.
A new study published in Journal of Climate reveals that high-resolution CMIP6 models more accurately simulate long-term summer precipitation trends in High Mountain Asia. The study found that higher resolution improves the simulation by reducing a wet bias, particularly over the southern margin and nearby regions.
Researchers analyzed two marine-based carbon removal methods, ocean iron fertilization (OIF) and artificial ocean alkalinization (AOA), for their impacts on the climate system. OIF enhances marine carbon sinks by adding iron, increasing photosynthesis and absorbing CO2 from the atmosphere, but exacerbates deep-ocean acidification.
Researchers found that weaker lightning during thunderstorm development can ignite forest fires, posing a higher risk due to distinct atmospheric conditions like low precipitation and strong winds. This discovery sheds new light on the prevention and control of lightning wildfires in mountainous areas globally.
A novel framework integrates Kolmogorov–Arnold networks with dynamic predictor pruning optimization to improve TC intensity prediction. TCI–KAN achieves superior accuracy in 6-h intensity forecasts, outperforming referenced best records by 31%, 13%, and 6%. The model's accuracy varies by region and TC category.
Researchers found that increasing convective adjustment timescale (tau) values in climate models improves MJO simulation accuracy, with a critical threshold of 2 hours. A larger tau value suppresses convective precipitation, leading to larger intraseasonal moisture perturbations necessary for MJO development.
Horizontal vortex tubes significantly influence tornado genesis and development in typhoon periphery regions. The WRF model simulation shows the role of these tubes in tornado formation, enabling better forecasts for South China.
A new study reveals that the North Atlantic Ocean's sea surface temperature dipole influences summer precipitation on the Tibetan Plateau through atmospheric teleconnection processes. This finding provides a new framework for understanding rainfall variability and has significant implications for climate risk management in the region.
A recent study demonstrates significant gains in forecast accuracy using a hybrid Shanghai Typhoon Model, which combines the strengths of both physics-based and machine-learning weather prediction models. The model achieved substantially lower track errors than state-of-the-art models during Typhoon Danas in 2025.
A new study finds that a 2°C warming intensifies the Arctic's ability to absorb greenhouse gases, but reduces its capacity in alpine regions. This imbalance has significant implications for global carbon budgets and climate projections.
The study reveals that subtropical regions have the lowest carbon footprint, while temperate and tropical regions face greater challenges. Practical strategies like recycling crop waste and using a mix of synthetic and organic fertilizers can slash emissions without sacrificing yield.