Scientists have developed a platform for generating and detecting ultrashort UV-C laser pulses using atomically-thin semiconductors. The system demonstrates a free-space communication system and has the potential to unlock new opportunities in non-line-of-sight communication systems.
Researchers Min Chen and Liangchen Guo developed a new system using Fengyun-4B satellite data and regional numerical forecast model RMAPS-ST to improve ultra-short-term solar irradiance forecasting. The system achieved significant reductions in forecast errors, particularly in warm seasons and short-term forecasts.
Researchers developed a hierarchical Physics-Informed AI framework to balance model fidelity with speed, paving the way for reliable Digital Twins in solid oxide cell engineering. The new approach improves both physical consistency and computational efficiency.
A five year field study shows biochar can boost sugarcane growth while reshaping soil life around the roots and reducing carbon dioxide emissions from the field for years without additional fertilization. The treatment improved soil fertility, nutrient use efficiency and beneficial bacterial groups in the rhizosphere.
This special issue explores the relationship between climate change and business, examining how firms access capital, manage risk, leverage opportunities, and navigate policy shifts in an era of climate uncertainty. The research highlights that climate change is reshaping financial markets, corporate valuation, and investment logic.
A new study has validated a non-destructive method to detect 'forever chemicals' on protective equipment, reducing the risk of cancer to firefighters. Researchers found PFAS in every set of firefighter gear examined, including breathing masks, with concentrations reaching hundreds of nanograms per gram.
Researchers developed LSTM-assisted optical fiber interferometric sensing to overcome the limitation of free spectral range, achieving simultaneous high sensitivity and wide measurement range. The technology uses gating mechanisms and sequence learning capabilities of LSTM to model long-term dependencies in complex interference spectra.
This study examines the relationship between digital transformation and systemic risk in China's banking system, using a fixed-effects model to analyze the effects of big data, AI, blockchain, and cloud computing. Digital transformation is found to enhance resilience but also poses new risks.
Researchers developed a unified multimodal framework to analyze joint aging changes in brain function and structure. The study identified two primary aging patterns: synergistic declines in motor control and higher-order cognition, and contradictory adaptations in visual areas.
Research shows that a liquid byproduct from wastewater sludge can recycle nutrients for agriculture, but high concentrations of this byproduct may disrupt key ecological processes. The study found that periphyton communities retained ability to remove pollutants even at high exposure levels.
A new catalytic system achieves simultaneous enantiomeric transformation of silicon chiral centers and precise control over olefin Z/E configurations, enabling efficient synthesis of all four stereoisomers. The method exhibits excellent yields, good to excellent enantiomeric selectivity, and 100% atom economy.
A new study reveals urban tributaries play a significant role in driving phthalate pollution in the Yangtze River, with higher concentrations found during seasonal changes. The research highlights the need for targeted monitoring and management strategies to address this environmental risk.
A large cohort study found that statins significantly reduce the risk of death and major cardiovascular events in adults with type 2 diabetes. The findings challenge long-standing uncertainty about whether patients at low risk benefit from preventive statin therapy, suggesting that the drugs may have broader protective value.
The MONEAD study provides practical guidance for clinicians to manage epilepsy during pregnancy, reducing the risk of seizures and improving outcomes. The study's week-by-week playbook offers dose adjustments for antiseizure medications, empowering healthcare providers to provide the best possible care.
Researchers discovered that female brain immune cells called microglia express more interferon-related genes when responding to amyloid-β plaques, causing more harm to neuronal connections. This finding suggests a potential sex-specific treatment approach for Alzheimer's disease.
Researchers discovered that an insect-pathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana can turn the defensive substances of bark beetles into more toxic aglycones. These aglycones serve as an effective defense against fungi and increase fungal infestation, particularly in beetles with high phenol content.
Researchers at Harvard Medical School have uncovered crucial insights into how a new class of antiviral drugs works, shedding light on an important tool for fighting drug-resistant strains of herpes simplex virus. The discovery may lead to new pathways for treating herpesviruses and other kinds of DNA viruses.
The journal has achieved a real-time CiteScore of 2.4, doubling its Impact Factor from the previous year to 1.5. This advancement highlights CPA's commitment to quality and its expanding role in disseminating high-quality research across pharmaceutical sciences.
Researchers compared brains of stroke patients with healthy controls to reveal differences in language processing mechanisms. People with verbal speech processing issues from stroke have weaker processing of speech sounds than healthy participants.
Candida auris is a highly virulent fungus spreading globally, affecting 6.5 million people annually with high mortality rates. New review highlights strategies for combating its spread, including vaccination and treatment, as well as improving diagnostics and surveillance mechanisms.
Researchers highlight how minimal residual disease detection is changing breast cancer management by capturing molecular traces of cancer at extremely low levels. CTDNA-based monitoring reveals relapse risk months ahead of clinical symptoms, enabling clinicians to identify high-risk patients and adjust treatment strategies in real time.
A new model predicts cerebral blood flow using carotid ultrasound and brain MRI data, enabling non-invasive monitoring of astronauts' cognitive function during long-duration spaceflight. The CatBoost algorithm outperforms other models, providing a practical solution for safeguarding brain health in space.
Two studies reveal that insufficient glutamine in macrophages drives atherosclerosis progression. Researchers identified new ways to detect high-risk plaques using protein markers like TREM2 and SLC7A7, which could lead to PET imaging and blood tests for early detection.
The new framework reduces processing time by an average of 87.7% compared to the state-of-the-art approach, achieving cache hit rates between 70% and 90%. It demonstrates linear scalability, handling high query loads efficiently.
A recent study using virtual reality found that men who embodied a female avatar subjected to catcalling experienced strong feelings of anger and disgust, closely linked to moral disapproval. This type of reaction reflects the ability to put oneself in the victim's shoes and indicates moral disapproval of the behavior.
Researchers discovered a mechanism allowing melanoma cancer cells to paralyze immune cells by secreting extracellular vesicles, which can disrupt immune cell activity and even kill them. This breakthrough has promising therapeutic implications, enabling strengthening of immune cells and blocking molecules that enable vesicle adhesion.
A study of over 12 million US births found a persistent rise in gestational diabetes rates every year since 2016, increasing health risks for mothers and babies. The condition affects all racial and ethnic groups, with American Indian and Pacific Islander populations showing significantly higher rates.
A new study evaluates a traditional Chinese herbal formulation for diabetic kidney disease and finds it significantly improves key indicators of kidney function. The treatment modulates inflammatory pathways linked to kidney damage, suggesting a complementary strategy for preserving renal function.
AIT has signed 5 MoUs with international partners to strengthen WASH systems, support digital innovation, and improve municipal governance across Asia. The partnerships aim to bring together governments, academia, development partners, innovators, and practitioners to accelerate the WASH agenda.
The study introduces a practical pathway to integrate realistic leaf optics into 3D canopy models, enabling more accurate simulations of light distribution. The approach achieves high predictive accuracy, linking leaf traits to optical behavior with coefficients of determination ranging from 0.83 to 0.99.
Yosra Barkaoui generalises Sebestyén's theorem to unbounded operators, essential in physics for describing concepts like kinetic energy and momentum. Her research provides new mathematical tools for working with unbounded operators.
A recent study found that Dlc1 deletion affects cardiac differentiation in mouse embryonic stem cells by activating the canonical Wnt pathway. The study showed that Dlc1 deficiency promotes mesoderm lineage specification, leading to the accumulation of cardiac progenitors and blocking their further differentiation into cardiomyocytes.
A novel protocol is presented for fabricating a human vascularized bile duct-on-a-chip (VBDOC), which models the vascular-biliary interface in three dimensions. The device maintains cholangiocyte polarity and barrier function, enabling manipulation of mechanical microenvironment components.
A new computational model of the brain based on biology and physiology learned a simple visual category learning task as well as lab animals, discovering counterintuitive activity in neurons. The model produced naturalistic dynamics and learning without training data, enabling researchers to identify new insights into brain function an...
A study published in EMBO Molecular Medicine has identified a combination of statins and phenothiazines that shows promise in treating aggressive neuroblastoma. The drug combination was found to impede tumour growth and improve survival rates in laboratory trials with mice.
The study elucidates interactions between membrane proteins and lipids using cryo-EM, highlighting the influence of lipids on protein functionality.
Researchers discovered a novel mechanism behind small cell lung cancer's aggressiveness, involving the lack of caspase-8, leading to necroptosis and inflammation that fosters tumor progression. This pre-tumoral inflammation suppresses anti-cancer immune responses, promoting metastasis and relapse.
A research team at Huazhong University of Science and Technology developed an Ag/Sb2O3/Au molecular-crystal memristor array for real-time edge computing in smart power grid inspections. The device enables ultra-low-power switching, supporting non-volatile and volatile modes for tasks like image convolution and transient event detection.
Researchers have developed a xenogeneic-free culture platform that significantly enhances the migration and regenerative capacity of intestinal stem cells. The technology, called PLUS, maintains identical performance even after storage at room temperature for three years, securing industrial scalability.
Researchers at OHSU discovered a promising new drug combination that may help people with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) overcome treatment resistance by pairing venetoclax, a standard AML drug, with palbociclib, a cell-cycle inhibitor approved for breast cancer. The study found that this combination produced significantly stronger and m...
A recent study found that adolescents with overweight or obesity who take glucagonlike peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) have a lower risk of acute asthma exacerbations. This association suggests a potential dual benefit, where GLP-1RA use could address both weight management and asthma prevention in this population.
Experimental evidence confirms that a single superconductor can induce electron pairing and synchronization in another material, enabling the creation of a Josephson junction with only one superconductor. This discovery has potential implications for topological superconductors and conventional quantum computers.
FLIM microscopy enhances spatial and temporal resolution through multimodal imaging approaches, outpacing traditional methods. Persistent challenges need to be addressed for high-speed live-cell imaging.
A new study finds that simple email reminders significantly increase clinicians' use of a database supporting safe prescribing of opioids and other drugs. Emails emphasizing legal requirements more than tripled engagement, while emails highlighting clinical benefits were also effective but less so.
A new AI model using deep transfer learning accurately predicted spoken language outcomes in deaf children after cochlear implants. The 'predict-to-prescribe' approach allows for earlier intensified therapy for children forecast to struggle with spoken language.
A survey study found that exposure to medical misinformation was common among breast cancer patients, yet fear of recurrence was not associated. Further research on how patients process medical misinformation is essential to improve survivorship communication and reduce misinformation spread.
This protocol provides a comprehensive method for characterizing novel CRISPR-Cas systems with Pro-CRISPR factors. Key findings include protein purification, biochemical characterization, and in vivo functional assays in bacteria.
This study provides direct evidence of nomadic groups' adoption and approval of agricultural economy in ancient China. The isotopic data show a shift from millet-based agriculture to wheat or rice agriculture, indicating a gradual social evolutionary process.
A new study demonstrates that phenomics can match or outperform traditional indices in predicting disease resistance and genetic analysis. By integrating multispectral and thermal data with statistical models, researchers found improved results when combining phenomic prediction with genomic information.
Research identified regional and global changes in hot droughts across timescales, with increased frequency and spatial extent observed globally. Human influence was found to play a significant role in driving these changes.
A new study finds that moral arguments appealing to care and fairness can persuade both liberals and conservatives in the US. This challenge traditional views on what motivates conservative voters, suggesting a shift towards more progressive positions over time.
The serial lift-out technique increases throughput and preserves tissue sample structure, addressing limitations of cryo-FIB milling. This optimized method allows for the preparation of multiple lamellae, enabling high-resolution imaging at molecular resolution.
Researchers developed a physics-constrained, data-efficient AI framework that accurately reconstructs temperature fields from limited sensor data in chiplet-based packaging. The approach achieves high accuracy and generalization without excessive noise, enabling reliable thermal characterization.
Researchers used hyperspectral imaging to detect early, invisible nematode stress in potato crops. The study highlights the potential and limitations of remote sensing for separating overlapping crop stress signals, paving the way for non-invasive, large-scale monitoring and improved pest management.
A study published in Plant Phenomics provides a critical foundation for intelligent and automated pruning systems. By analyzing 3D point clouds of pear trees, researchers identified shoot architectural parameters that reflect annual shoot growth patterns.
A new study found that a small dose of peanut oral immunotherapy can help children with their peanut allergy and reduce the risk of severe reactions from accidental exposures. Children receiving the low-dose treatment experienced significant increases in their allergic reaction threshold to peanuts.
A recent study reveals how the C/G fusion hijacks DNA methylation and chromatin architecture to drive aggressive acute myeloid leukemia in children. The study identifies DNMT3B as a critical effector of the fusion, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target.
A detailed protocol enhances lamella stability and reproducibility in multicellular tissue samples via adjustable slit spacing and six-sided attachment geometry. This method simplifies operational steps for high-throughput in situ structural analysis of tissues by cryo-ET.
A new study reveals that mature B cells temporarily gain plasticity during the antibody-making process, which could explain how many lymphomas develop from mature B cells. Researchers discovered that this epigenetic change is tightly regulated and can be hijacked by specific mutations to promote lymphomagenesis.
Researchers found that up to 21% of black carbon particles contain two or more cores, previously unaccounted for in global climate models, potentially underestimating BC's light absorption by 50%. The study suggests a 19% increase in global average BC absorption, particularly in wildfire-affected regions.
MMWs inhibit tumor growth by modulating immune proteins, reducing tumor cell membrane synthesis and energy metabolism. The therapy boosts anti-tumor immune responses, increasing infiltration of immune cells and reducing immunosuppressive populations.
A study by Ohio State University professor Patrick Carroll found that inducing meta-cognitive doubt in people who were worried about achieving an identity goal increased their commitment to achieving it. By questioning their own thoughts and doubts, participants became more confident and committed to pursuing their goals.
Researchers develop an intelligent decision-making algorithm using functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) to analyze passengers' physiological states and enhance autonomous vehicle safety. The study shows improved safety, comfort, and convergence speed compared to traditional methods.
Researchers developed CardioKG, an AI-driven tool that integrates imaging data with biological databases to predict gene-disease associations and identify new drug opportunities for heart conditions. The study identified potential treatments for atrial fibrillation and heart failure using existing drugs like methotrexate and gliptins.
Research finds that oral bacterium Fusobacterium nucleatum is associated with increased disability in multiple sclerosis patients. Studies suggest a potential 'oral-brain axis' where oral inflammation influences neuroinflammatory disease severity.
Research highlights the moderating role of collective innovativeness in teacher collaboration, showing its significant impact on cognitively activating teaching practices. Schools with high innovativeness levels experience stronger positive effects from collaboration.
A study estimates that wildland fires release an average of 143 million tons of airborne organic compounds annually, 21% higher than earlier estimates. This increase poses complex air-quality challenges, particularly in regions such as Equatorial Asia and Northern Hemisphere Africa.
Researchers develop ddHodge, a geometry-preserving method that accurately reconstructs cell state dynamics. The technique reveals repeating processes like the cell cycle and identifies critical biological moments in embryonic development, tissue regeneration, and cancer progression.