A new on-chip light source has been developed that emits light nearly vertically, extending the spectral coverage of vertically emitted integrated light sources. The research team employed a transverse phase matching mechanism to realize an on-chip, nearly vertically emitted coherent nonlinear light source in the near-infrared region.
Researchers have developed a new optical encryption technique that uses light to strengthen information security. The technique, called the
A new holographic neural network uses light to perform multiple AI tasks simultaneously, achieving 'one brain for multiple uses' without physical hardware reconfiguration. The system utilizes neural holography technology to simultaneously process multiple image recognition tasks, achieving high recognition accuracy and scalability.
Researchers integrated first-trimester lab markers with machine learning to improve preeclampsia prediction accuracy. The study identified 26 lab indicators that differed significantly between women who developed preeclampsia and those with uncomplicated pregnancies.
Researchers developed 3D-printed copper mirrors with integrated water-cooling systems, increasing resistance to laser-induced damage by 60% and reducing heat accumulation. The breakthrough could support next-generation semiconductor manufacturing technologies.
The new device addresses the challenge of revealing structural details in transparent biological specimens by combining a polarization-sensitive metalens with a voltage-controlled liquid crystal cell. This produces edge-enhanced images directly through the optical system, without digital post-processing.
Researchers have developed tiny 3D-printed structures that can be integrated onto optical fiber tips, enabling powerful imaging and sensing capabilities. The structures can be fabricated using femtosecond laser 3D printing, offering high spatial precision and true 3D design freedom.
The article reviews the development of laser-induced phase transition (LIPT) in 2D materials, highlighting microscopic mechanisms, regulation strategies, and cutting-edge applications. LIPT offers high spatial resolution and precise phase engineering, overcoming limitations of traditional methods.
Halide perovskite metasurfaces combine precise light control with active optoelectronic responses, enabling next-generation optical devices. The new material route provides strong light absorption, high luminescence efficiency, and tunable bandgaps, making them ideal for displays, lasers, photodetection, and integrated photonic systems.
Researchers have developed a mask-free femtosecond laser direct writing method for producing dense copper micropatterns with fine feature sizes and high electrical conductivity on flexible and curved surfaces. The method is well-suited for customized manufacturing and simplifies the fabrication of electronic devices.
Recent advances in optical comb technologies for molecular spectroscopy have expanded spectral coverage and sensitivity in mid-infrared and terahertz regions. These developments have improved system miniaturization, integration and enabled compact spectrometers for various applications.
The article reviews optical packaging methods for photonic integrated circuits (PICs), with two-photon polymerization (TPP) and self-written waveguides (SWW) showing promising results. TPP achieves low insertion loss and high sensitivity, while SWW offers a lower-cost alternative with flexible manufacturing capabilities.
Researchers used a 3D silk matrix model to study human primary kidney stem cells and found that aging increases susceptibility to tenofovir-induced mitochondrial toxicity, oxidative stress, senescence, and apoptosis. Tenofovir was more toxic to older cells, causing mitochondrial damage and functional injury.
DNA vaccines deliver genetic instructions encoding selected antigens, stimulating humoral and cellular immune responses. Emerging technologies, including artificial intelligence and synthetic biology, may further broaden the platform's capabilities.
Researchers explore targeting mitochondria to treat triple-negative breast cancer, a form of breast cancer with limited treatment options. Mitochondrial dysfunction may contribute to chemoresistance, and disrupting mitochondrial dynamics could lead to cancer-cell death.
Piezo channels play a crucial role in orthodontic treatment by detecting mechanical pressure and translating it into biological activity. Piezo-targeted therapies may provide new opportunities for more precise orthodontic care.
The EP4 receptor is a key regulator of inflammation and a promising therapeutic target for various inflammatory diseases. Targeting this receptor could provide more precise approaches to controlling inflammation, offering safer and more targeted treatments.
A new review highlights FTO's complex role in gastrointestinal cancers, influencing tumor growth, metastasis, and treatment resistance. FTO-targeting approaches may complement immunotherapy, raising possibilities for combination treatment strategies.
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) regulate cancer treatment resistance by altering gene expression, interacting with microRNAs and proteins, and influencing chromatin. LncRNAs such as MALAT1, HOTAIR, and PVT1 have been associated with pathways that can help cancer cells withstand treatment.
A prospective real-world study evaluates the feasibility of AI models GPT-5.2 and DeepSeek-V3.2 for simplifying cardiac MRI reports. The results show that these AI models can significantly improve patient comprehension, with no significant differences in performance between the two models.
A liquid-crystal-integrated metalens enables two bright-field imaging states and one interference-synthesized edge-enhanced state. The device uses polarization-multiplexed metalens to select different imaging responses without moving the meta-device or applying digital post-processing.
The study reveals MED14's crucial role in regulating fetal organogenesis, highlighting its importance in transcriptional programs governing later stages of organ development. MED14 disruption affects cell-fate specification and organogenesis, leading to VACTERL-like congenital defects.
Researchers identified circLPAR3 as a key mediator of docetaxel resistance in prostate cancer, promoting tumor growth under chemotherapy by suppressing ferroptosis. The study highlights circLPAR3 as a promising biomarker for treatment response and suggests targeting its regulatory network could help overcome chemotherapy resistance.
Researchers have identified DLL3 as a key player in neuroendocrine cervical cancer, driving immune evasion and tumor progression. Targeted DLL3 inhibition shows promise in improving treatment outcomes for this aggressive subtype of cervical cancer.
CCT2 stabilizes c-Myc to promote HNSCC progression and cisplatin chemoresistance. CCT2 also regulates cell-cycle programs and facilitates the transfer of chemoresistance between tumor cells through apoptotic vesicles.
Research highlights the potential of EGFR co-targeting and nanotechnology in treating triple-negative breast cancer. By combining multiple therapeutic agents and nanocarriers, this approach may improve treatment outcomes and overcome resistance.
The review highlights the interconnected molecular processes of protein arginine methylation and ubiquitination, regulating proteins involved in cancer. These processes can influence tumor invasion, cell proliferation, apoptosis, and drug resistance, offering opportunities for future therapeutic approaches.
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma's metabolic vulnerabilities provide opportunities for new therapeutic approaches, including targeting glucose transporters, glycolytic enzymes, and lipid-related targets. Combination therapies and multi-target inhibitors may overcome treatment resistance and improve personalized strategies for ccRCC.
This novel paradigm utilizes femtosecond laser synthesis and thermal oxidation treatment to fabricate Janus materials with dual photothermal and radiative cooling functions. The processing enables universal preparation of these interfaces on various metals, including tungsten, niobium, and molybdenum.
A new framework enables high-precision physical construction and autonomous inference to determine global optimum for high-power fiber lasers. The framework incorporates high-fidelity coupled physical models and physics-interpretable optimization strategies to overcome challenges in power scaling and beam quality.
Researchers developed a 3D-printed copper mirror with built-in water-cooling channels for high-power 10.6-μm CO2 lasers. The integrated design improves laser-damage resistance and reduces heat buildup, enabling compact thermal-management solutions for EUV lithography and other high-power systems.
A 50 × 50 pixel array of specially designed meta-atoms incorporating vanadium dioxide enables dynamic reshaping of terahertz waves. The device employs 2-bit encoding with four programmable states, achieving 27% amplitude conversion efficiency.
Researchers developed a physics-informed neural-field framework to jointly recover nonlinear sample phase and unknown pupil aberrations in quantitative phase imaging. Experiments demonstrated accurate recovery of large phase variations and improved spatial resolution under aberrated conditions.
This article reviews the mutual empowerment of artificial intelligence and metasurfaces, enabling intelligent nanophotonics and optical intelligence. Recent advances in metasurfaces and AI enable the development of ultracompact, ultrafast, and highly intelligent photonic systems.
Researchers developed a silicon metasurface capable of rapidly controlling wide-bandwidth light pulses, overcoming the trade-off between modulation strength and bandwidth in ultrafast optical devices. The metasurface achieves 28% absolute transmission modulation across a 14 nm bandwidth, enabling sub-50-femtosecond laser pulse switching.
Fusobacterium nucleatum drives immunosuppression and metastasis in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) by reprogramming tryptophan metabolism and activating the IL4I1-dependent pathway, leading to reduced CD8+ T-cell infiltration and increased tumor growth, invasion, and pulmonary metastasis.
Researchers discovered nine novel regulatory small RNAs in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, revealing distinct modulatory effects on pathogen virulence. These sRNAs coordinated post-transcriptional networks in quorum sensing, biofilm formation, and interbacterial competition.
A digital twin platform enables faster development of high-speed optical computing applications by allowing developers to train and optimize tasks without physical optical hardware access. The platform demonstrates significant acceleration in optimization, reducing development time by 99.4% for certain tasks.
Researchers developed a new method for tracking moving targets using single-photon LiDAR, overcoming the motion-induced temporal-averaging bias. The method, P3DTT, exploits spatiotemporal correlations to identify and use photon events, recovering the target's instantaneous 3D position.
A new programmable silicon photonic neuron enables directional control, addressing a longstanding challenge in photonic neurons. The device can control directionality, feedback and back-action between interconnected components, opening a path toward more adaptable neuromorphic computing systems.
Researchers identify HLA-E as a key regulator of metastasis-initiating hepatocyte states, linked to IFN-γ–JAK–STAT3 pathway. Chronic immune pressure contributes to metastasis initiation in HCC, suggesting a new target for limiting immune-driven metastasis.
Researchers investigated NDUFA11's role in Parkinson's disease, finding it maintains mitochondrial function and integrity. Impaired NDUFA11 function contributes to mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and PD-related abnormalities.
A recent study found that TYW5 gene dysregulation is associated with circadian disruption and schizophrenia, affecting locomotor rhythms and prefrontal synaptic ultrastructure. Altering TYW5 expression levels in mice led to changes in behavior, including increased locomotor activity and anxiety-like behavior.
PTHrP inhibits BMP2-induced osteochondral differentiation by inactivating the PI3K–AKT signaling pathway, preserving cartilage phenotype and promoting chondrogenesis. This finding suggests PTHrP's potential application in BMP2-based cartilage tissue engineering.
Researchers have developed a programmable directional photonic spiking neuron based on a non-Hermitian silicon microresonator. The device, called DRUM, can emit spikes in one direction while remaining inactive in the other, reducing unwanted crosstalk and enabling true directional interaction.
This review synthesizes clinical and basic research progress on obesity and CVDs, exploring epidemiology, pathophysiology, and management strategies. The authors highlight the effects of obesity on various CVDs, emphasizing the need for effective prevention and treatment strategies.
The DSTOX platform uses a multi-strategy fusion approach to integrate statistical rule-based models, expert knowledge rule-based models, and analogue search for mutagenicity assessment. The platform achieved an accuracy of 92.0% in internal validation and 84.0% in external validation, comparable to mainstream prediction tools.
Researchers from Zhejiang University developed a hybrid mode/wavelength division multiplexing transmitter chip using lithium niobate on insulator, achieving an aggregate capacity of 8.64 Tbps. The chip combines six modes and six wavelengths, enabling 36 independent channels with each supporting 240 Gbps transmission.
A new study reveals that the Estrogen–SIRT5–FDX1 axis preserves osteogenesis by inhibiting cuproptosis in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). SIRT5 demalonylates ferredoxin 1 (FDX1), reducing cuproptotic signaling and preserving osteogenic differentiation.
Researchers classified liver cancer into three molecular subtypes based on lipid droplet-associated genes, identifying PLIN3 as a key regulator of tumor progression. The study provides insights into metabolic reprogramming and heterogeneity in HCC, offering a framework for personalized prognostic and therapeutic strategies.