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European Space Agency


XMM-Newton helps revise distance to outer spiral arms

The XMM-Newton and Chandra space telescopes have spotted the aftermath of three bright explosions echoing through the Milky Way's outer spiral arms. The team measured the distance to these echoes directly, finding two arms - Outer Scutum-Centaurus Arm and Outer Arm - lie up to 10% further away than previously thought.

SourceEuropean Space Agency·JournalAstronomy and Astrophysics·TypeObservational study·DateJul 1, 2026

XRISM solves famous star’s 50-year mystery

Astronomers have solved a 50-year-old mystery surrounding the star gamma-Cas, revealing that its unusual high-energy X-rays are linked to the orbital motion of an invisible white dwarf companion. This breakthrough was made possible by unique high-resolution observations from the European Space Agency's XRISM mission.

SourceEuropean Space Agency·JournalAstronomy and Astrophysics·TypeObservational study·DateMar 24, 2026

Magnetic avalanches power solar flares

A team of scientists used Solar Orbiter's instruments to capture a large solar flare in unprecedented detail. The observations revealed that the flare was triggered by initially weak disturbances that quickly became more violent, creating a 'sky' of raining plasma blobs.

SourceEuropean Space Agency·JournalAstronomy and Astrophysics·TypeObservational study·DateJan 21, 2026

Flaring black hole whips up ultra-fast winds

Astronomers discovered a never-seen-before blast from a supermassive black hole, whipping up powerful winds at 60,000 km per second. The event was triggered by an X-ray flare and formed in just one day, providing new insights into the magnetism of active galactic nuclei (AGNs).

SourceEuropean Space Agency·JournalAstronomy and Astrophysics·TypeObservational study·DateDec 9, 2025

Sun-watcher SOHO celebrates thirty years

SOHO has provided a nearly continuous record of our Sun's activity for close to three 11-year-long solar cycles. The mission has overcome challenges, including a critical error and failed gyroscopes, but continues to produce high-quality data on a daily basis.

SourceEuropean Space Agency·JournalNature Astronomy·DateDec 2, 2025

Dancing dust devils trace raging winds on Mars

Scientists have tracked 1039 dust devils to reveal how they lift dust into the air and sweep around Mars' surface. The study found wind speeds of up to 44 m/s, faster than previously measured with rovers on the ground, and improved our understanding of Martian weather patterns.

SourceEuropean Space Agency·JournalScience Advances·TypeImaging analysis·DateOct 8, 2025

Cassini proves complex chemistry in Enceladus ocean

Scientists have found new complex organic molecules spewing from Saturn's moon Enceladus, confirming that complex chemical reactions are taking place within its underground ocean. The discovery strengthens the case for a dedicated European Space Agency (ESA) mission to orbit and land on Enceladus.

SourceEuropean Space Agency·JournalNature Astronomy·TypeObservational study·DateOct 1, 2025

XRISM uncovers a mystery in the cosmic winds of change

The XRISM mission reveals an unexpected difference between winds launching from a disc around a neutron star and those from material circling supermassive black holes. The surprisingly dense wind blowing from the stellar system challenges our understanding of how such winds form and drive change in their surroundings.

SourceEuropean Space Agency·JournalNature·TypeObservational study·DateSep 17, 2025

Solar Orbiter traces superfast electrons back to Sun

The European Space Agency-led Solar Orbiter mission has split energetic particles into two groups, tracing them back to distinct solar outbursts. Researchers found that one type of particle is connected to intense solar flares and the other to larger coronal mass ejections.

SourceEuropean Space Agency·JournalAstronomy and Astrophysics·TypeObservational study·DateSep 1, 2025

From boring to bursting: a giant black hole awakens

A distant galaxy's black hole has suddenly activated, producing rare and intense X-ray light bursts. The phenomenon, known as a quasiperiodic eruption, challenges existing models of black hole behavior and offers an unprecedented opportunity for astronomers to study the energetic events powering these cosmic monsters.

SourceEuropean Space Agency·JournalNature Astronomy·TypeData/statistical analysis·DateApr 11, 2025

Have we been wrong about why Mars is red?

New analysis of spacecraft observations and laboratory techniques reveals that Mars's red colour is better matched by ferrihydrite, an iron oxide containing water. This discovery transforms our understanding of why Mars is red and suggests that the planet rusted earlier than previously thought.

SourceEuropean Space Agency·JournalNature Communications·TypeExperimental study·DateFeb 25, 2025

Einstein Probe catches X-ray odd couple

Scientists discovered a rare binary system consisting of a massive Be star and a compact white dwarf, with the Einstein Probe catching the X-ray signal from its initial flare-up to its fading away. The analysis revealed clues about the elements present in the exploding material, including nitrogen, oxygen, and neon.

SourceEuropean Space Agency·JournalThe Astrophysical Journal Letters·TypeObservational study·DateFeb 18, 2025

Euclid discovers a stunning Einstein ring

The Euclid space telescope has discovered a stunning Einstein ring in the galaxy NGC 6505, showcasing rare gravitational lensing effects. This remarkable finding demonstrates the power of Euclid's high-resolution instruments and provides new insights into the expansion of the Universe.

SourceEuropean Space Agency·JournalAstronomy and Astrophysics·DateFeb 10, 2025

Wobbling stars reveal hidden companions in Gaia data

Two new celestial objects have been confirmed using Gaia data, including a Super-Jupiter exoplanet and a brown dwarf. The discovery challenges current theories of planet formation and provides valuable data for understanding these intriguing objects. Gaia's ongoing mission will uncover hundreds of planets and brown dwarfs around nearby...

SourceEuropean Space Agency·JournalThe Astrophysical Journal·TypeObservational study·DateFeb 4, 2025

Bouncing on Titan

The probe dug a 12 cm deep hole before bouncing out onto a flat surface, sliding 30 cm across the surface due to friction. The probe wobbled back and forth five times before coming to rest, suggesting the surface was soft enough to make a hole but hard enough to support wobbling

SourceEuropean Space Agency·JournalPlanetary and Space Science·DateOct 11, 2012

Large water reservoirs at the dawn of stellar birth

Scientists have discovered an enormous amount of water vapour, enough to fill Earth's oceans over 2000 times, in a gas and dust cloud collapsing into a new Sun-like star. Water was previously detected outside our Solar System as ice coated onto tiny dust grains near active star formation sites.

SourceEuropean Space Agency·JournalThe Astrophysical Journal Letters·DateOct 9, 2012

Spotlight on Sentinel-2

The upcoming Sentinel-2 mission will fill the gap in research and operations, providing frequent coverage and high-resolution imagery. This will enable the monitoring of land cover, forests, agriculture, and glaciers, leading to better management of the environment and understanding of climate change.

Integral challenges physics beyond Einstein

Integral's observations show that quantum 'graininess' must be at much smaller scales than previously predicted, contradicting Einstein's General Theory of Relativity. The results limit the size of these grains to 10^-48 m or smaller, ruling out some string theories and quantum loop gravity theories.

SourceEuropean Space Agency·JournalPhysical Review D·DateJun 30, 2011

Raging storms sweep away galactic gas

Detecting raging storms of molecular gas streaming away from galaxies for the first time, Herschel reveals powerful outflows that could halve a galaxy's star-forming capacity within one million years. This discovery offers insights into galactic evolution and negative feedback mechanisms.

SourceEuropean Space Agency·JournalThe Astrophysical Journal Letters·DateMay 9, 2011

Herschel finds less dark matter but more stars

Astronomers find that galaxies in this 'sweet spot' mass range can form stars at high rates and grow rapidly. This discovery challenges current models of galaxy formation, suggesting a reduced need for dark matter to trigger starbursts. The research uses infrared images from Herschel's SPIRE instrument.

SourceEuropean Space Agency·JournalNature·DateFeb 16, 2011

Venus holds warning for Earth

Scientists discovered a mysterious high-altitude sulphur dioxide layer on Venus that can help explain its formation. The new findings also suggest that injecting large quantities of sulphur dioxide into Earth's atmosphere to mitigate climate change may not be as effective as thought.

SourceEuropean Space Agency·JournalNature Geoscience·DateNov 30, 2010

Recipe for water: Just add starlight

Astronomers discovered a cloud of hot water vapor around the old star IRC+10216 and suspected comets or dwarf planets were evaporating to produce it. However, Herschel's instruments revealed that ultraviolet light from surrounding stars is the actual source of the water, which forms closer to the star than comets can stably exist.

SourceEuropean Space Agency·JournalNature·DateSep 2, 2010

Wet era on early Mars was global

New research suggests that liquid water existed all over Mars during its early history, with studies of minerals found in craters revealing a global alteration by water. The discovery provides clues about the planet's potential habitability and suggests sites for future landers.

SourceEuropean Space Agency·JournalScience·DateJun 25, 2010

Venus is alive -- geologically speaking

Scientists from NASA and the European Space Agency found evidence of relatively young lava flows on Venus, suggesting the planet remains capable of volcanic eruptions. These findings indicate that volcanic activity on Venus is likely gradual rather than cataclysmic.

SourceEuropean Space Agency·JournalScience·DateApr 8, 2010

Water cycle conference makes a big splash

Recent advances in Earth observation satellite technologies enable monitoring of the global water cycle. The European Space Agency's EO for Water Cycle Science Conference assessed current research capabilities and identified key gaps. Novel missions, precipitation, and soil moisture will improve our understanding of the water cycle.

Tackling new Arctic challenges from space

The ESA workshop explored the potential of space-based services to address Arctic challenges such as climate change, ocean traffic management, and environmental protection. Space assets can improve search and rescue operations, monitor sea ice and ocean changes, and facilitate sustainable development in the region.

New concept may enhance Earth-Mars communication

Researchers propose a solution to the crucial problem of ensuring reliable radio communication between Mars and Earth during solar alignments. A pair of communication relay satellites in B-orbits equipped with electric ion propulsion can 'hover' over points leading and trailing Mars' orbit, providing full-time communications.

How the Moon produces its own water

The Moon absorbs electrically charged particles to produce water, confirming a key process on the lunar surface. The discovery enables scientists to create images of the Moon and other airless bodies using hydrogen atoms as tracers.

SourceEuropean Space Agency·JournalPlanetary and Space Science·DateOct 15, 2009