Research at University of California, San Diego School of Medicine identifies regulatory T cells as primary source of RANKL protein, accelerating breast cancer spread. Interfering with RANKL interaction with cancer cells may block tumor progression, offering potential target for drug therapy.
Dr. Joel D. Oppenheim of New York University School of Medicine has been honored with the 2010 AAAS Lifetime Mentor Award for his efforts to increase diversity in the Ph.D. biomedical workforce. He has successfully recruited and supported students from underrepresented backgrounds, transforming institutional demographics.
Researchers aim to identify all possible shapes across three, four, and five dimensions, linking them like the periodic table links chemical elements. They expect to develop a better understanding of geometric properties and relationships between shapes.
Researchers found that inhaling red mud disaster dust is unlikely to cause serious health problems, but may lead to irritation and coughing. The study suggests that the large size of the particles makes them less likely to be inhaled deeply into the lungs.
A study by UC Riverside researchers found that Asian Americans are perceived as less ideal leaders than Caucasian Americans, despite their higher education and competence. The study suggests that racial biases play a significant role in leadership perceptions.
The AAAS has awarded four researchers with the Joshua E. Neimark Memorial Travel Assistance Award to study stem cell transplantation, sustainable growth, women in academia, and conservation science. The winners will attend the 2011 Annual Meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.
A study by St. Michael's Hospital found that one in five homeless people with tuberculosis die within a year of diagnosis, emphasizing the need for enhanced prevention and treatment strategies.
Dr. Joseph M. DeSimone has mentored at least nine African American students, one Hispanic American student, and 24 women through the completion of their Ph.D. degrees in chemistry. He is being honored with the AAAS Mentor Award for his efforts to advance diversity in doctoral-level chemists entering the workforce.
Researchers develop three-step approach to identify clusters of like-minded bloggers using social annotations. The method calculates similarities between bloggers based on their blog posts' keywords and ratings.
Tropical Storms Carlos and Dianne are bringing heavy rainfall and strong winds to Western and Northern Australia, respectively. The storms' cloud tops have reached temperatures as low as -52C, indicating strong convection.
A mega-analysis of brain imaging data found that individuals with bipolar disorder who took lithium had increased hippocampal and amygdala volumes compared to those not taking the medication. Lithium treatment also restored cerebral volume reductions associated with longer illness duration.
Researchers found that blue-green algae may produce an estrogen-like compound, disrupting reproductive hormones and affecting fish, plants, and human health. Exposure to the algal cells induced a response consistent with estrogen exposure in larval fish.
Researchers from the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute have identified the Erg gene as crucial for blood stem cells' ability to self-renew. This discovery holds promise for developing new therapies using blood stem cells for tissue repair, transplantation, and other applications.
A Michigan State University-led study identified critical events that prompt students to consider quitting college, including depression, loss of financial aid, and unexpected bad grades. The research aims to help colleges identify at-risk students and provide targeted support to prevent college withdrawal.
Researchers at the University of Missouri have discovered biomarkers in mouse feces that can predict inflammation-associated colon cancer. This breakthrough could lead to a new method for detecting early-stage colon cancer in humans, potentially eliminating the need for colonoscopies.
Dr. Loftus's research has had a profound impact on the administration of justice in the US and abroad, highlighting the fragility and malleability of human memories. Her work has led to the dismissal of murder charges based on repressed memories, contributing to her being recognized as a pioneer in the field.
A recent study published in Human Molecular Genetics found that increasing a brain enzyme called puromycin-sensitive aminopeptidase can remove toxic tau proteins from neurons. This removal restored neuronal density and slowed down disease progression without any adverse effects. The research suggests that elevating this naturally occur...
Astronomers find that galaxies in this 'sweet spot' mass range can form stars at high rates and grow rapidly. This discovery challenges current models of galaxy formation, suggesting a reduced need for dark matter to trigger starbursts. The research uses infrared images from Herschel's SPIRE instrument.
A new adherence course significantly improves blood pressure management in patients with high blood pressure, reducing non-adherence rates and blood pressure levels.
Researchers found that statin atorvastatin reduced CD38 and HLA-DR levels on T cells in HIV-infected patients, suggesting potential benefits in disease management. The study's findings support exploring the role of statins as an anti-inflammatory therapy for HIV.
Researchers have identified mutations in the MYH7 gene as a contributing factor to Ebstein's anomaly, a rare congenital valvular heart disease. The study found that these mutations can also be associated with left ventricular noncompaction, a condition that increases the risk of sudden cardiac death.
Dr. Glenn E. Schweitzer is honored for his efforts in engaging Russia and Iran in science diplomacy, dating back to the Cold War era. He has maintained relationships with scientists from these countries despite challenges and improvements in US-Iran relations.
Researchers at Ben-Gurion University are leading a project to develop robots that can selectively pick high-value crops like greenhouse peppers and premium wine grapes. The robots will be equipped with advanced sensing and manipulation algorithms to detect ripe fruit and avoid unripe ones.
Researchers identified a new role for focal adhesion kinase in producing vascular leakiness in lung tissue, increasing expression of E-selectin and attracting cancer cells. Blocking FAK activity reduced both vascular permeability and metastatic cell adhesion.
A new study estimates that up to two-thirds of Earth's permafrost will disappear by 2200, unleashing massive amounts of carbon into the atmosphere. The team predicts a release of roughly 190 billion tons of carbon, equivalent to half of the amount released since the Industrial Age.
The study concludes that replacing 30% of petroleum consumption with biofuels by 2030 is technically possible, but the cost will be high, with biomass prices ranging from $140 to over $200 per metric ton. The research team identified miscanthus and switchgrass as promising high-yielding crops for biomass production.
New research reveals environmental progestogens can cause sterility in frogs, particularly when exposed during early life stages. The study, conducted at Uppsala University, found that even low concentrations of levonorgestrel can lead to abnormal ovarian and oviduct development in female tadpoles.
Tropical Storm Bingiza continues to impact western Madagascar, with strong thunderstorms and heavy rainfall reported over the region. The storm's cloud tops reached temperatures as low as -52 degrees Celsius, indicating strong convection and thunderstorms.
A 22-year study found no cases of diabetes and only one non-lethal case of cancer in individuals with Laron syndrome, a growth-stunting mutation. In contrast, relatives without such mutations had higher rates of diabetes and cancer. The study suggests that blocking growth hormone activity may be protective against these diseases.
Scientists discovered fossils of large seaweeds and worm-like animals, revealing brief oxygenation episodes in the Ediacaran Period. The findings suggest that complex eukaryotes evolved tens of millions years after the snowball earth event, which ended 635 million years ago.
African fossil sites between six and five million years ago show signs of a distinct history of increasing isolation, which may have been caused by global climate change. The modern African sub-Saharan mammalian community is believed to be the vestige of a once-wider-ranging fauna.
Researchers demonstrate that tau-induced memory loss in Alzheimer's mice is reversible after deactivating the toxic tau gene, allowing them to regain learning and remembering abilities. The study also shows that new synapses form in the brains of mice with a deactivated gene.
Research at the University of Michigan suggests that rising carbon dioxide levels associated with global warming may affect interactions between plants and insects, altering the course of plant evolution. The study found that plant families responded differently to elevated carbon dioxide in their production of chemical and physical de...
Researchers studying magma flows in Iceland's Krafla volcano have found a rare opportunity to examine supercritical water and its potential as an energy source. The team discovered rhyolite magma, formed by partial melting of basaltic rock, which can generate significant electricity if harnessed.
Research from North Carolina State University finds that children of working mothers are 200% more likely to experience asthma, accidents, and overnight hospitalizations. Advanced statistical techniques were used to isolate the causal relationship between maternal employment and child health outcomes.
Researchers successfully extended tomato shelf-life by introducing a polyamine-producing yeast gene, resulting in a delay of shriveling up to three weeks and a slower rate of decay. The study also showed increased levels of lycopene, a nutrient linked to cancer prevention.
A new study found that Latino siblings of children with developmental disabilities experience anxiety, lower school performance, and struggle with expressing emotions due to cultural factors. These siblings are also at a higher risk for negative outcomes, including internalizing behaviors and difficulties in personal functioning.
A study published in Journal of Traumatic Stress found that virtual reality exposure therapy significantly reduced PTSD symptoms in active duty military service members, with 62% reporting clinically meaningful change. The innovative treatment uses multi-sensory virtual reality to safely access and process traumatic memories.
Researchers found that the 'twenty-four' gene is critical for producing a key clock protein in fruit flies. Without this gene, flies experience disrupted sleep-wake rhythms and have trouble waking up. The findings suggest a similar mechanism may be at play in humans.
International team of scientists has discovered a new phylum, Xenacoelomorpha, which rewrites the evolutionary history of animals. The discovery shows that simple marine worms like Xenoturbellida and Acoelomorpha are more closely related to complex organisms like humans and sea urchins than previously thought.
A newly discovered biomarker could help doctors diagnose meniscal tears with high accuracy, avoiding unnecessary surgery and medical scans. The biomarker, a fibronectin-aggrecan complex, was found in the knee fluid of patients with painful meniscal tears but not in asymptomatic individuals.
Scientists have discovered unrecognised substances released by algae blooms that can interfere with reproductive hormones, leading to potential harm to humans and aquatic animals. The researchers used zebrafish as a test subject and found that these substances can cause endocrine disrupting effects.
Scientists have developed a new food packaging material called 'killer paper' with silver nanoparticles that fights bacteria causing spoilage. The coating is effective against E. coli and S. aureus, killing bacteria in just three hours.
A recent study of 336 children with eczema found that installing a water softener did not improve symptoms, contradicting anecdotal reports. The trial, led by the University of Nottingham, suggested that hard water may worsen eczema due to high levels of calcium and magnesium.
A new balloon kyphoplasty procedure provides rapid pain relief, increased mobility, and reduced need for painkillers compared to standard non-surgical care. Cancer patients with spinal fractures experience improved spinal function, quality of life, and pain during the study period.
The study found that Lake Baikal's seasonality of surface water temperatures relates to the fluctuating intensity and path of the jet stream, while also tracking decadal-scale variations in the Earth's rotational velocity. This information can help forecast seasonal onset in Siberia and predict longer-term ecological changes.
A study by researchers from the Brain and Creativity Institute at USC found that White Americans respond faster to pictures of themselves than to pictures of their boss, while Chinese people in China respond fastest to pictures of their direct supervisor. This suggests cultural differences in responses to authority figures.
Researchers found that nuanced surgical techniques are more important than implant design in customizing knee replacements. These techniques ensure proper alignment and balance with ligaments and soft tissue.
Researchers at UCLA and the Veterans Administration may have accidentally discovered a solution to regrow hair by blocking a stress-related hormone, according to an article published in PLoS One. The compound, astressin-B, induced long-term hair growth in chronically stressed mutant mice through a short-duration treatment.
Researchers developed a new protein-based vaccine candidate that successfully inhibited pneumococcus from establishing a foothold in the body, providing near-complete protection. The vaccine stimulates TH17 cells, which provide natural immunity to pneumococcal infection.
A new multi-institutional center will develop tools to help governments, businesses, and individuals make informed decisions on climate and energy policies. The Center will utilize a new modeling framework, CIM-EARTH, to provide insights to policymakers and promote open science.
Recent studies on PCSK enzymes have shed light on novel functions in diseases such as cardiovascular disorders, osteoporosis, and cancer. The research has revealed that these enzymes may play a crucial role in regulating cholesterol levels and bone formation, offering potential new treatments for dyslipidemia and osteoporosis.
Researchers found a gene called RORA that plays a critical role in brain development and is affected by sex hormones. In individuals with autism, aromatase conversion of testosterone to estrogen is reduced, leading to increased male hormone levels and decreased RORA expression.
Researchers found that brain insulin suppresses lipolysis, a process breaking down triglycerides and releasing fatty acids, which worsens diabetes. Impaired brain insulin signaling can lead to a vicious cycle of inflammation and insulin resistance.
Dr. J. John Cohen is recognized for his work in demystifying science for non-scientists through public programs like Mini Med School, which has inspired similar programs globally. His research on apoptosis and teaching awards have further solidified his commitment to making science accessible.
The BTER Foundation has awarded six individuals for their contributions to biotherapy, a field that uses living organisms to aid healthcare. The award recipients include researchers, educators, and advocates who have promoted maggot therapy and other biotherapeutic disciplines.
Dr. Lynford L. Goddard has been recognized by the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) for his outstanding contributions to public engagement in science and technology. He designed the Girls Learning Electrical Engineering (GLEE) summer camp, which aims to make electrical engineering more accessible to high-school...
A study found that Break-induced Replication, a method of DNA repair, is up to 2,800 times more likely to cause genetic mutations than normal cell repair. Researchers think four changes in replication machinery may contribute to its accuracy issues.
Scientists have largely met technical challenges of developing biofuels, offering energy security and reduced carbon dioxide emissions. However, logistics issues with biomass availability, transport, and storage hinder commercial viability.
The Neandertal genome draft sequence reveals significant genetic variants shared with present-day humans from Eurasia, indicating gene flow before population divergence. This finding supports the theory of interbreeding between Neandertals and early modern humans in Eurasia.
A psychological scientist in Germany found that dialing specific numbers on a cell phone can induce positive emotions and activate word meanings. The study used number sequences corresponding to words, such as "love" and "friend," to show that mere typing of these numbers could affect participants' emotional responses.
This year's AAAS/Subaru Science Books & Film competition recognizes four authors, an illustrator, and a photographer for their scientifically sound works promoting science literacy. Winners explore topics like climate change, honey bee colonies, and biomedicine.
Scientists have discovered biomarkers in the blood of pregnant women that could lead to early diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy. Almost 70 proteins were found to occur at unusual levels in women with EP, with one protein called Adam12 appearing 20 times lower than in normal pregnancies.
A recent study found that passwords used to protect sensitive files in clinical trials are poorly constructed and easily cracked, putting personal health information at risk. The study recommends enforcing strong passwords and encryption algorithms to secure file sharing practices.
Researchers have developed a software application that automatically detects subtle brain lesions in MRI scans of epilepsy patients, identifying 92% of previously undetectable abnormalities. This proof-of-concept study validates the potential of non-invasive, automated detection tools for diagnosing and planning epilepsy surgery.
Fossil discoveries from the last decade are being reevaluated by biological anthropologists who argue that some fossils may not be human ancestors. The authors propose a more nuanced explanation, considering alternative interpretations and shared characteristics with other species.
Rep. Rush Holt is recognized for his strong support of investments in research and development, education, and expanding America's scientific workforce. He has advocated for scientists, students of STEM fields, and promoted economic growth through initiatives like Einstein's Alley.
Researchers review common misconceptions about liars and find that verbal methods of deception detection are more effective than nonverbal methods. They also identify opportunities to improve lie detection by exploiting psychological differences between liars and truth-tellers.
The Society for Neuroscience has launched BrainFacts.org, a nonprofit online source providing authoritative public information about brain research, thanks to $1.53 million in funding. The site will offer interactive content, multimedia resources, and accurate information on brain diseases, disorders, and health promotion.
A new study by researchers at the University of Maryland and Harvard University suggests that people who highlight past suffering are held less responsible for transgressions. In contrast, heroes receive more blame than villains, regardless of their previous good deeds.
A new study from Johns Hopkins Children's Center found that hip and thigh implants in children can lead to fractures of the same bones, even after the implant has been placed. The research, which analyzed over 7,500 pediatric bone implants, revealed a higher risk of fractures among patients with weakened or brittle bones.
A study published in Annals of Epidemiology analyzed breast cancer mortality data from 1975 to 2005 in Spanish provinces. The research found that geographical differences in death rates began to level out due to the uniform distribution of early prevention programs, reproductive therapy, and lifestyle factors.
The Jeffrey Modell Endowed Chair in Pediatric Immunology Research will advance research into primary immunodeficiency diseases, enabling early diagnosis and treatment to prevent permanent damage. Dr. Orange is renowned for studying natural killer cells and innate immune system biology.
Scientists discovered an 'atmospheric imprint' in insects, revealing where they can survive under climate change. By analyzing oxygen isotopes, researchers determined the type of atmosphere each insect needs to thrive.
A new study found that nearly 35% of orthopedic patient encounters in Pennsylvania were ordered for defensive purposes, resulting in $113,369 of total imaging charges. The study also revealed that surgeons are more likely to practice defensively if they have been in practice for over 15 years.
Researchers found ultrasound fusion imaging to be safe and effective in detecting bone and soft tissue cancers, with 93% accuracy compared to CT biopsies. The technique guides a needle biopsy with precise accuracy, making the experience more convenient for patients.
A new study published in The New England Journal of Medicine found that intravitreal bevacizumab significantly reduces the recurrence rate of retinopathy of prematurity in premature infants. The drug therapy also appears to preserve vision better than conventional laser treatment, with no need for intubation and a faster recovery.
A new inexpensive, accurate, and practical diagnostic test for Turner syndrome has been developed by Yale School of Medicine researchers. The test can detect X-chromosome abnormalities in girls and can be done in a doctor's office using cheek swabs or newborn screening blood spots.