Researchers at the Cornell Lab of Ornithology have created a complete evolutionary tree of bird species by combining data on 9,239 species. The resulting database can be easily shared and updated as new studies are published.
This study proposes a non-drug and non-thermal approach to enhance neuronal growth and synaptogenesis using THz photons. The research reveals that specific frequencies of THz photon stimulation increase cAMP levels, which is then mediated by AC1, ultimately promoting synaptogenesis and cognitive improvement.
This review highlights how fatty acid oxidation (FAO) fuels tumor growth, survival, and metastasis by modulating the tumor microenvironment. FAO is also involved in chemotherapy resistance, particularly in breast cancer, glioblastoma, and ovarian cancer.
Researchers developed a carbene-catalyzed phthalide ether functionalization method, creating chiral phytovirucides targeting the viral Nia protein. The compounds showed superior antiviral efficacy against Potato virus Y (PVY), with potential for developing new plant viruses management strategies.
Researchers developed an automated machine learning program to identify potential cardiovascular incidents and fall/fracture risks based on bone density scans. The algorithm shortened screening time and found moderate to high AAC levels in 58% of older individuals, placing them at high risk of heart attack and stroke.
A liquid biopsy-based assay detected signs of recurrence prior to imaging and provided prognostic value in patients with resectable colorectal cancer. The study found that ctDNA levels could predict clinical relapse, and earlier detection may help avoid unnecessary chemotherapy.
The phase Ia/Ib Beamion LUNG-1 trial found that zongertinib elicited durable responses in patients with advanced, previously treated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harboring a HER2 mutation. The disease control rate was high across cohorts, with median progression-free survival ranging from 12.4 to 6.8 months.
A recent clinical trial funded by Swim Across America grant showed that immunotherapy can successfully replace surgery for mismatch repair-deficient (MMRd) solid tumors. This breakthrough treatment enabled 80% of patients to avoid surgery and regain their organs.
A new gene expression atlas from single-cell RNA sequencing data reveals normal hematopoietic cell differentiation patterns and identifies novel AML cell states. Researchers cataloged multiple ways aberrant differentiation leads to AML, with potential biomarkers and drug targets emerging.
Glutathione S-transferases play a critical role in human health, influencing disease development, drug metabolism, and therapeutic interventions. Genetic variations in GSTs can lead to oxidative stress, DNA damage, and resistance to apoptosis, making them key players in disease pathogenesis.
A new study explores the ability of individuals with adrenal crisis to accurately and effectively administer emergency cortisol injections. Nearly half of those living with adrenal insufficiency are unable to self-administer life-saving injections during a medical emergency, highlighting the need for improved awareness and preparedness.
Researchers from Scripps Research and Georgia Institute of Technology have found that the formose reaction can only produce branched sugars, contradicting the widely-held hypothesis. This discovery may help scientists understand how life arose on Earth and lead to better biofuel production.
Researchers have developed an AI-driven model that can accurately diagnose various subtypes of pediatric sarcoma using only routine pathology images. The model correctly distinguished between nine sarcoma subtypes, demonstrating its potential to provide quick and accurate cancer diagnoses in under-resourced settings.
A new smartphone app uses visual equivalents to provide real-time feedback, enabling deaf users to practice and improve their pronunciation. The six-month trial showed promising improvements in speech development, with participants advancing from no vocalization to an average of 7 phonetic sounds.
This review highlights the critical role of epigenetics in nuclear receptor function, affecting metabolic and hormone-driven disorders. Emerging therapies targeting epigenetic mechanisms hold promise for restoring proper nuclear receptor function.
The Photonics M3 conference focuses on manufacturing, manipulation, and measurement of photonic devices. Key topics include information optics, biomedical optics, meta optics, and advanced optical fabrication. The conference will be held at Tsinghua Southeast Asia Center in Bali, Indonesia.
A phase II trial found that pembrolizumab significantly reduced recurrence in patients with DNA mismatch repair-deficient early-stage solid cancers who had detectable circulating tumor DNA after surgery. The study suggests that using ctDNA to guide immunotherapy may help prevent relapse in high-risk patients.
Researchers develop a CNN-LSTM coupled deep learning model to predict the bond stress-slip constitutive relationship of grouted corrugated ducts. The model demonstrates reduced prediction errors and captures complex nonlinear interactions, achieving high consistency with experimental results.
A new energy model reveals a striking similarity in all scenarios: the inevitable transition to renewable energy. However, achieving rapid cuts necessary to meet 1.5°C targets poses a challenge, with a potential 20-30 year gap between demand and supply.
A massive meteorite impact in Scotland, previously believed to occur 1.2 billion years ago, has been dated to 990 million years ago. This discovery has significant implications for our understanding of the evolution of non-marine life on Earth and its potential influence on environmental conditions.
Scientists have discovered a new pathway for the reaction of Criegee intermediates with water vapor, approximately 100 times faster than previously predicted. The 'roaming mechanism' driven by strong dipole-dipole interactions between molecules leads to a higher probability of reaction, revising our understanding of key atmospheric pro...
Recent research has focused on neddylation modification as a key driver of tumor cell proliferation, migration, and survival. Neddylation inhibitors have demonstrated significant efficacy in disrupting cancer cell growth by selectively inhibiting the neddylation pathway.
Research shows fish species like Atlantic cod and hagfish contribute significantly to seabed ecosystem health. Bioturbation impacts on organic carbon storage and greenhouse gas absorption are crucial for understanding ocean's role in climate change.
A University of Cincinnati study found large, opposite moves in housing prices between low-income and high-income communities when analyzing police budgeting. Low-income areas saw a 13% increase in housing prices after increasing police spending, while high-income areas saw a 14% decrease.
A predictive model combining tumor marker readings with patients' genetic profiles enhances predictions for patient survival and surgery decision-making. The new tool accurately identifies candidates who would benefit from surgery, suggesting that current tumor marker evaluations are inadequate for these genetic profiles.
A study of 274 people with ketamine use disorder found high levels of physical health problems, including bladder issues and K-cramps, as well as psychological symptoms like cravings and low mood. The research highlights the need for improved treatment programs and awareness of ketamine use to support those seeking care.
A recent study published in Diabetes Care found that persistently high blood sugar and insulin resistance significantly increased the risk of worsening functional and structural heart damage during adolescence to young adulthood. The study showed a five-fold increase in prediabetes prevalence among adolescents, with females being dispr...
A new study of over 700 incarcerated women reveals that rape is a significant predictor of incarceration, with victims more than 4 times as likely to be incarcerated as non-victims. The study also found that severe abuse can lead to early school dropout and increased crime.
A team of researchers from the University of Tokyo used simulations to create a detailed 3D model of a fault, which helped them understand how different parts of a fault contribute to uplift during an earthquake. The study revealed that fault geometry is a critical factor in determining the impact of earthquakes on land.
A highly sensitive bone marrow test has shown to double survival rates for patients with AML mutations in NPM1 and FLT3 genes, allowing for early detection of potential relapse. This trial indicates that regular molecular testing can improve long-term survival rates by restarting treatment earlier.
A comprehensive analysis published in The Lancet Regional Health—Americas highlights the growing concern of H5N1 avian influenza. Key findings include the virus's ability to infect both animals and humans, with nearly 1000 dairy cow herds affected and over 70 human cases reported.
New research reveals that bird species with hard-to-get tree cavities have evolved heightened aggression in females. The study found a set of genes consistently altered in the brains of these birds, mirroring molecular similarity across lineages.
A longitudinal cohort study found that military sexual trauma is associated with an increased risk of suicide attempt and death by drug overdose, especially among those with post-traumatic stress disorder. The study highlights the need for policies to reduce sexual trauma in the military.
A study has identified a specific mode of fat uptake by immune cells in tumors that serves as a metabolic checkpoint against anti-cancer immune responses. Researchers developed an antibody, PLT012, to dismantle this barrier and restore anti-tumor immunity in mouse models of hepatocellular carcinoma and liver metastases of colon cancer.
Researchers at Rice University developed a new machine learning algorithm that excels in interpreting light signatures of molecules, materials and disease biomarkers. The tool can detect subtle signals in optical spectroscopy, enabling faster medical diagnoses and sample analysis.
A new report examines the long-term impact of coal industry loss on UK communities, finding entrenched inequalities and poverty. Researchers call for a 'just transition' with investment in public services, securing employment rights, and quality jobs to address social inclusion.
Researchers at the University of Oregon have discovered a molecule produced by yeast living on human skin that shows potent antimicrobial properties against Staphylococcus aureus. The fungus, Malassezia sympodialis, transforms host lipids into antibacterial hydroxy fatty acids that can kill the bacteria in as little as 15 minutes.
The UCLA Walter and Shirley Wang Center for Integrative Digestive Health will offer comprehensive care, support, and guidance for patients with gastrointestinal disorders. The new center utilizes an integrative health approach to treat GI diseases and improve quality of life.
The proposed taxonomy identifies patterns of digital media use that could be problematic but warrant further evaluation. The study suggests that these patterns may require remediation to promote healthy adolescent development.
Asteroid Vesta's interior structure is more uniform than previously thought, contradicting decades-long assumptions about its composition and formation. The new findings suggest two possible hypotheses: incomplete differentiation or being a broken chunk of a growing planet.
A new non-invasive brain stimulation technique using sound waves shows significant relief from depression, anxiety and trauma-related disorders. Participants experienced clinically significant improvements in negative affect and symptoms after just three weeks of daily treatments.
A study from Weill Cornell Medicine found that healthcare providers working together in Accountable Care Organizations (ACOs) saved Medicare between $4.1 billion and $8.1 billion from 2012 to 2019. The program incentivized clinicians and organizations to improve patient care, resulting in lower medical spending per patient over time.
Researchers developed a brain decoder to restore communication between the brain and spinal cord, allowing for rehabilitation and potentially restoring movement. The decoder used electroencephalography to predict movement intention, outperforming previous methods.
Researchers have developed a neuro-quantum leap in finding optimal solutions, leveraging Fowler-Nordheim annealers to discover new and unknown solutions. NeuroSA's structure is neuromorphic, with a search behavior determined by FN annealer, making it powerful for solving complex optimization problems.
Researchers at MIT developed a control circuit that can precisely regulate gene expression levels, improving the efficacy and safety of gene therapy treatments. The 'COMMAND' circuit uses microRNA to suppress gene expression, allowing for tighter control over treatment outcomes.
Scientists discovered that receiving a booster vaccine in the same arm as the first dose generates a more effective immune response quickly. Memory B cells interact with 'primed' macrophages in lymph nodes to produce high-quality antibodies.
Research at Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization explores how growth impacts cell migration. The study reveals a critical threshold of motility above which colony growth inhibits cellular movement, with implications for biology, tissue engineering, and medical research.
Researchers discovered that the brain suppresses the current action without using another mechanism to inhibit it, enabling seamless transitions between actions. This finding could lead to the development of biologically-inspired robotic systems and improve clinical treatments for Parkinson's patients.
The risk of wildfires is increasing due to climate change, leading to overlapping fire weather seasons in the two regions. The number of simultaneous fire weather days has been increasing by one day per year for the past 40 years, with projections suggesting an increase of up to 29 days per year by mid-century.
The Arc Virtual Cell Atlas has partnered with 10x Genomics and Ultima Genomics to generate high-quality perturbational single-cell data at scale. Leveraging 10x's Chromium Flex technology and Ultima's UG 100 sequencing system, researchers will create increasingly powerful AI models in biology.
Researchers at the University of Gothenburg discovered that the influenza A virus exploits a protein called AGO2 to regulate gene activity and weaken the immune system. An existing drug, arsenic trioxide, showed promise in increasing interferon production and reducing viral loads.
A new study reveals that China's sell-by-plan mandate, aimed at preventing insider trading, has failed to stop executives from profiting from private information. Executives have found a way to plan their sales far in advance, allowing them to cash out before bad news breaks, undermining market fairness and eroding investor trust.
The study tracks maternal, fetal, and infant mortality trends in the US from 2000 to 2023. Despite improvements in some years, overall rates of maternal and infant mortality increased during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Researchers have developed record-breaking efficient all-organic solar cells that can be safely incinerated like regular plastics, reducing environmental impact. The new cells achieve more than twice the power conversion efficiency of previous models, overcoming major challenges in film-type solar cell technology.
A combination of bazedoxifene and conjugated estrogens reduces obesity-related changes in rats, including fat cell accumulation and insulin resistance. The treatment also increases beneficial gut microbes and improves metabolic health, making it a promising alternative to tamoxifen for women at high breast cancer risk.
Research reveals inequalities in MMR vaccination that may contribute to measles outbreaks and epidemics. In France, vaccines were dispensed later for children from low-income families, while a UK investigation found that deprived communities and some ethnic groups were more affected by the outbreak and less likely to be vaccinated.
Researchers develop advanced materials from plant waste, enhancing wood strength without increasing weight or harming the environment. The treatment used is simple, cost-effective and safe, making it a potential replacement for traditional construction materials.
A new study published in the Journal of Perinatology has found that optimizing darbepoetin dosage can reduce the need for blood transfusions in premature babies. The research, led by Intermountain Health, tested two different dosing schedules and found that both resulted in similar overall health outcomes.
Scientists propose an enhanced Digital Light Processing (DLP) 3D printing technology for multifunctional soft robots, enabling composite structures with different materials in one step. The research showcases extensive potential for designing and manufacturing complex soft robots.
Researchers at JAIST have developed a low-dose imaging technique that maps the three-dimensional atomic structure of titanium oxyhydroxide nanoparticles without damaging them. This breakthrough enables safer analysis and opens possibilities for designing materials with enhanced functionality.
A study published in Hepatology reveals that children with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) are at a significantly increased risk of premature death and serious long-term health complications. The mortality rate was found to be nearly 40 times higher than the national average.
Researchers found that African social spider behaviour fluctuates dramatically over time, challenging previous assumptions about individuality. The study reveals that commonly used methods for assessing personality in social spiders may be flawed.
A new study finds that the Clausius-Clapeyron relation explains almost perfectly selected thunderstorm rainfall data at each temperature, but when combining both stratiform and thunderstorm rainfall, higher temperature increase rates emerge. The authors argue that this 'super-Clausius-Clapeyron' increase is of statistical origin, settl...
A new study suggests that adding particles to the atmosphere at a lower altitude near the polar regions can effectively cool the planet. Commercial jets like Boeing 777F could reach this altitude.
Researchers at Karolinska Institutet have identified new biomarkers in urine that can indicate the presence and severity of prostate cancer with high precision. The findings surpass current blood biomarker PSA in terms of diagnostic accuracy.
Researchers analyzed 29 studies involving over 90,000 participants to examine the links between Big Five personality traits and prosocial behavior. Extraverts are more likely to engage in volunteer work, while agreeable individuals tend to be more generous with their finances.
Scientists at the University of Sheffield discovered long-tailed tits' remarkable family bonds persisting throughout migration. The study found that these tiny birds migrate in family units and become crucial helpers for related pairs, mirroring human support systems.
Researchers found that pooling data across studies can accurately identify dose-response relationships, particularly for chemicals with low-dose effects. The study suggests that combining individual study data can strengthen conclusions in environmental health research.
Researchers identified risk factors for sudden unusual mental or somatic experiences, including past psychedelic use, reality distorting practices, and extensive spiritual practice. These findings can help clinicians diagnose and treat associated suffering, and inform the development of practical guidelines.
A virtual crisis prevention program for autistic children and their families has shown significant improvement in confidence, preparedness, and knowledge around crisis management. The 3-session program guided caregivers through a four-stage framework, equipping them with practical tools to navigate challenging situations.
A study by Cornell University finds that AI-based writing assistants can generate generic language that makes non-Western users write in a more American style, leading to cultural stereotyping and language homogenization. Indian participants showed a smaller productivity boost compared to their American counterparts.
The Society of Thoracic Surgeons has launched a new risk calculator for patients undergoing ascending aorta and aortic root surgery, which provides real-world data collected through the STS Adult Cardiac Surgery Database. The calculator supports more accurate assessments of expected outcomes, including mortality and major morbidity.
Researchers found that rats are more likely to aid distressed peers if they have previous positive social interactions with them. Helper rats showed increased activity in brain regions associated with empathy and motivation compared to less helpful rats. Oxytocin signaling may play a role in motivating rats to care for others.
A study reveals that HSF2, a transcription factor, helps activate gamma-herpesviruses causing cancer. Increasing HSF2 levels boosts viral gene activity, while reducing it leads to a significant drop. The protein binds to key genes, making chromatin more open for activation.
The Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America has released new comprehensive guidance to prevent the transmission of infections through improved practices in sterilization and high-level disinfection. The guidelines provide evidence-based, practical recommendations that reflect current science and expert consensus.
The International Progressive MS Alliance has awarded €100,000 to three development project teams to plan clinical trials. The projects focus on developing new treatments for progressive MS, including exercise-induced fatigability, neural stem cell therapy, and salbutamol treatment.
A new AI interpretability tool helps explain ECG findings for better diagnoses, even in imperfect scans. Researchers aim to make AI trustworthy and transparent in medicine.
Researchers introduced an innovative ML model for classifying faults in SRF cavities, utilizing historical data and expert insights to enhance operational stability. The system achieved high accuracy and efficiency, facilitating long-term trend analysis and proactive maintenance strategies.
The BNT162b2 vaccine not only targets the COVID-19 virus but also helps reduce and control innate inflammation to other bacterial and fungal pathogens. By reprogramming innate immune cells, the vaccine reduces pro-inflammatory mediators, providing potential benefits beyond its primary target.
Studies suggest that straight-tusked elephants ( Palaeoloxodon antiquus ) could still inhabit Europe today due to the continent's suitable climate. The species helped shape Europe's landscape, maintaining open spaces and light woodlands that still support native plant species.
Researchers at Washington State University have discovered a hybrid zinc telluride-based material that undergoes structural changes when subjected to pressure, making it a strong candidate for phase change memory. The material's layered structure and directional sensitivity open the door to additional uses in photonics.
Researchers at New York University discovered a new crystal type called Zangenite, which has a hollow structure and unique properties. The crystal was found to form through a two-step process and has potential applications in developing new materials, including photonic bandgap materials.
Researchers at UCLA developed a novel catalyst design that shields platinum from degradation, enabling fuel cells to power heavy-duty trucks reliably for up to 200,000 hours. This breakthrough could make hydrogen fuel cells a more viable clean energy source for long-haul trucking.
A new study has confirmed that beech leaf disease, already devastating American beech, also affects European beech. Researchers used advanced microscopy to trace the effects of the nematode on European beech, finding similar symptoms and damage as in American beech.
A new clinical study found that a universal community resource program reduced acute care for children of food-insecure families, saving thousands of dollars in healthcare expenditures. The program, called CommunityRx-Hunger, required only 50 staff hours and delivered benefits to both food-secure and food-insecure caregivers.
Researchers developed a new method for imaging enzyme activity in whole organs with high-resolution 3D mapping. This allowed them to visualize differences in aminopeptidase N activity and the effects of inhibitors in mouse kidneys. The study opens up an unbiased evaluation method for drug development.
Researchers captured real-time supramolecular gel formation using high-speed atomic force microscopy, overturning previous assumptions about the process. A novel 'block-stacking model' explains the unique 'stop-and-go' behavior of growing fibers.
A new study reveals that winter sea surface temperatures in the Tasman Sea play a key role in influencing Antarctic Peninsula temperatures. Higher-resolution climate models better simulate atmospheric wave trains triggered by Tasman Sea SST changes.
A new study from Bar-Ilan University and University of Agder reveals that linking luxury items to NFTs can harm their perceived value by introducing a sense of temporariness. The research suggests that luxury brands must strike a balance between innovation and maintaining their heritage to avoid devaluing their physical products.
Researchers identified crucial structural variations that determine seed size and weight in peanuts, paving the way for improved legume crops. A pangenome of peanut was assembled, serving as a fundamental resource for genetic enhancement.
Researchers at URV develop system to monitor oxidation of hazelnuts using hyperspectral camera, confirming atmosphere and light exposure as main causes of oxidation. The method allows for quality standards to be set and improves packaging techniques.
A new study suggests that regional conditions alter the makeup of communities, influencing biodiversity. The researchers found that immigration from highly diverse seed mixes maintained species diversity over time, while local factors had a limited impact on biodiversity loss.
A new study reveals how sexist comments alter women's emotional interactions during teamwork, increasing emotional synchrony but eliminating its benefits for team performance. Researchers found that exposure to sexism rewires teams' functioning, weakening their ability to stay focused on shared goals.
Computer scientists at the University of Bath reprogrammed a Roomba to perform four new tasks, showcasing the untapped potential of domestic robots. The researchers identified over 100 ways to tap into the latent potential of robotic devices, proposing functions such as playing with pets, watering plants, and delivering breakfast in bed.
A new study from Murdoch University confirms that COVID-19 vaccinations do not cause significant metabolic changes. The research monitored 167 metabolic markers in 33 participants over 480 days post-vaccination, showing no significant impact on key health indicators.
The RFS Awards in Science 2024 recognize outstanding peer-reviewed research by women and underrepresented minorities in STEM. The awards honor the best papers written in 2024, with winners receiving a $1,000 cash prize and free access to their publications for 90 days.
The University of Leicester and NASA's Glenn Research Center have successfully combined cutting-edge radioisotope power system technology with high-efficiency power convertor technology, demonstrating a new breed of space nuclear power systems.
Researchers found that high-grade pre-cancer lesions triggered stronger immune responses and showed higher levels of immune-related markers PD-L1 and FOXP3. These findings suggest that HPV may begin avoiding the immune system early in infection, allowing infected cells to grow and potentially leading to cancer.
Research from the University of Oklahoma suggests that women with adequate iron levels in their blood perform better on cognitive tasks during menopause. Having enough iron does not necessarily mean accumulating more iron in the brain, which is a risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's.
A new study reveals the global distribution of FMFO factories, highlighting Peru's high production and potential environmental impacts. The study provides a starting point for addressing these issues through more transparent data, regulation, and sustainable practices.
New molecular testing methods are transforming post-transplant care by detecting potential heart injury or rejection earlier than traditional biopsies. This enables physicians to reduce immunosuppressive medicine dosage in low-risk patients, potentially improving patient outcomes beyond the first year post-heart transplant.
Researchers have discovered a protein, Mfd, that promotes bacterial resistance and spontaneous mutations. A new compound, NM102, has been developed to block this protein, reducing the bacteria's ability to develop resistance and effectively combat antibiotic-resistant strains.
A new ultra-broadband coherent open-path spectroscopy system enables real-time monitoring of multiple greenhouse gases in wastewater treatment plants. The system offers a more comprehensive and precise tool for monitoring emissions, improving environmental management and sustainability.
Researchers at PolyU developed an AI-driven assessment system, LMLPA, to quantify LLM personality traits. The system analyzes linguistic patterns and style in LLM outputs to evaluate their personalities, with applications in education, manufacturing, business, and sustainable development.
A long-term study from Saxony shows a significant decrease in air pollution in Eastern Europe, with PM1 concentrations falling by 28% per year. The study's findings indicate improved air quality due to clean energy measures and lower emissions from transportation.
The study provides a new look at the galactic region surrounding our solar system, revealing a roughly uniform background Lyman alpha sky brightness. The findings suggest hot interstellar gas bubbles may be regions of enhanced hydrogen gas emissions at a wavelength called Lyman alpha.
The Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America and other medical societies released a joint position paper calling on US healthcare facilities to elevate their Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) programs. The new guidelines aim to transform IPC into proactive, data-driven elements of healthcare delivery with measurable outcomes.
A recent study by Virginia Tech researchers found that a major earthquake could expand the coastal floodplain by 35-116 square miles, affecting thousands of residents and properties. The impact would be most severe in southern Washington, northern Oregon, and northern California.
Researchers at the University of California San Diego School of Medicine have found that high cannabis use is associated with increased mortality in colon cancer patients. The study analyzed data from over 1,000 patients and found a significant link between heavy cannabis use and reduced survival rates.
A new study from the University of Florida assembles the genome of a blackberry, which could lead to significant improvements in breeding techniques for farmers and consumers alike. The research uncovers the secrets behind key traits like growing blackberry plants with no thorns and enhancing the production of anthocyanin production.
Researchers developed a passive filtering system that selectively allows only the first incoming wave to pass through, rejecting time-delayed signals. This innovation enables more reliable wireless communications and has potential applications beyond addressing multipath issues.
Researchers at Shinshu University have developed a double-helical fiber sensor design that places both electrodes on one end, addressing the mechanical challenges of traditional wearable sensors. The new design enables durable, flexible sensors suitable for tracking finger gestures, facial expressions, and gait movements.
Two Taylor & Francis journals will be converted to open access for 2025, thanks to funding from collective OA agreements and read access. The Collective Pathway to Open Publishing model combines multiple funding sources to support the conversion of HSS journals.
Scientists at Cornell University and Washington University found that selective breeding of domesticated cat and dog breeds has led to remarkable similarities in skull shape, including brachycephalic breeds. This phenomenon, known as convergence, has occurred within each species and between them, with flat faces and tilted muzzles.
A recent study published in The Lancet: Diabetes & Endocrinology reveals a significant increase in obesity rates among US adults, particularly those with BMI above 60 kg/m2. The rate of severe obesity rose by 210% over 20 years, posing serious health risks and economic burdens.
DSAPS achieves dual scalability by manipulating ∆ E blocks using two structures: a high-capacity structure for increasing spins and a high-precision structure for increasing interaction bit width. The system has shown promising results in solving complex COPs, with validation tests achieving over 99% accuracy.
Researchers at Peking University have reported the first observation of non-reciprocal Coulomb drag in Chern insulators, revealing new insights into topological quantum materials and quantum fluctuations. The study enhances our understanding of quantum states in magnetic topological systems.
The Virginia Tech Helmet Lab has released an updated set of equestrian ratings that considers impact scenarios with horizontal velocity, typically occurring in racing and cross-country events. The new ratings aim to inform consumer decisions about helmet purchasing by reflecting concussion risk associated with each model.
A global research initiative analyzing data from nearly 2 million people in diverse populations worldwide has uncovered multiple new genes associated with osteoarthritis. The study also identified key genetic pathways and 69 genes whose protein products are targeted by approved drugs, paving the way for repurposed treatments.
The GlycoPro platform offers a novel approach to multi-glycosylation-omics analysis by integrating multiple steps into a single workflow. It has been successfully applied in breast cancer research, identifying a panel of five N-glycan biomarkers with high sensitivity and specificity.
A recent study reveals that dimethyl fumarate (DMF) can prevent and alleviate periodontal tissue damage by promoting anti-inflammatory macrophages and restoring mitochondrial health. DMF achieves this through regulation of Tu translation elongation factor (TUFM), a protein critical to mitochondrial function.
A cross-sectional survey found that hospitalized patients with neurological diseases were at risk of malnutrition, with a significant portion requiring nutrition therapy. The study highlights the need for improved nutritional assessment and treatment to reduce complications and improve outcomes.
A new brain-inspired algorithm developed at BU can help hearing aids tune out interference and isolate single talkers in a crowd of voices. In testing, researchers found it could improve word recognition accuracy by 40 percentage points relative to current hearing aid algorithms.
Researchers at MIT's Picower Institute discovered a critical mechanism for mental health, where dopamine signals enable fear extinction. Dopamine activates specific amygdala neurons tied to reward, driving fear extinction and opening up new avenues for treating fear-related disorders like PTSD.
A research team has uncovered a reciprocal regulatory relationship between extrachromosomal DNA maintenance and the DNA damage response in tumor cells. The study found that ecDNA actively replicates and is stably maintained in ecDNA-positive cells, triggering the ATM-mediated DDR pathway.
A new study analyzing data from 2000 to 2023 found that the introduction of a 'pregnancy checkbox' on death certificates contributed significantly to rising maternal deaths between 2000-2019, accounting for two-thirds of the increase. The COVID-19 pandemic led to a sharp spike in maternal mortality rates, particularly among Native Amer...
Researchers develop mathematical modeling to predict aflatoxin outbreaks in Texas using remote sensing satellites and soil properties. The model has the potential to save farmers billions of dollars in losses by providing early risk prediction and targeted prevention strategies.
A new AI model developed by Uppsala University accurately diagnoses multiple sclerosis (MS) with an overall accuracy of 90%, identifying the transition from relapsing-remitting to secondary progressive MS in almost 87% of cases. This enables earlier diagnosis, reducing the risk of patients receiving ineffective medicines.
Dr. Ulrich Steidl, a leading expert in blood diseases, has been elected to the Association of American Physicians for his groundbreaking research on myelodysplastic syndromes and acute myeloid leukemia. His work seeks to understand the characteristics of pre-leukemic stem cells and develop drugs to interrupt their progression.
A Phase Ia/Ib trial found that zongertinib demonstrated clinical benefits for patients with advanced HER2-mutant non-small cell lung cancer, particularly those with specific HER2 mutations. The treatment showed a 71% objective response rate and manageable side effects.
The Soybean Innovation Lab has secured a $1.02 million gift from an anonymous donor, led by Founders Pledge, to keep the lab operational until April 15. The reprieve will allow the lab to complete critical work and give Director Pete Goldsmith time to seek stable funding.
Indigenous Nigerian food plants, such as Spondias mombin and Xanthosoma sagittifolium, contain flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, and phenolic acids that exhibit anticancer properties. These plants induce apoptosis, inhibit cell proliferation, reduce oxidative stress, and modulate key cellular pathways.
A new study published in the Journal of Agricultural Economics found that planting flower strips in apple orchards can reduce damage from pests by up to 32% and save farmers money. The research, conducted by the University of Reading, found that farmers could save up to £2,997 per hectare in years with high pest activity.
Researchers analyzed a rare fossil bone and found it shared characteristics with platypuses, suggesting that ancient echidnas originated from a semi-aquatic ancestor. This discovery adds weight to the idea that stem-monotremes started off as semi-aquatic animals.
Researchers develop a simplified model of tau protein that forms disease-like fibrils, shedding light on the fundamental interactions underlying neurodegenerative diseases. The 'mini prion' can recreate the critical hallmarks of tauopathies, such as Alzheimer's disease.
Adaptive NK cells exhibit tumor-specific immune memory and cytotoxicity in ovarian cancer, making them promising for cancer treatment. The study challenges previous perceptions of NK cells, which have historically been considered only innate immune cells with no memory function against cancer.
A new study by Virginia Tech researchers suggests that bacteriophages, or virus-like particles, may increase the sensitivity of gut bacteria to antibiotics. The team created a mouse model that allows them to control phage populations and found evidence that phages can exacerbate antibiotic damage.
This study evaluated the long-term outcomes of gamma knife radiosurgery (GKRS) in patients with grade 2 meningiomas. GKRS was found to be a reasonable treatment option, but higher margin doses were associated with improved local control rates.
The study reveals wide disparities in mortality across US states, with some experiencing no improvements in life expectancy from 1900 to 2000 birth cohorts. This disparity can inform decision-making around resource allocation and public health interventions.
A soft robot can carry loads through the air along established tracks, navigating angles of up to 80 degrees and carrying loads up to 12 times its weight. The robot uses infrared light to move along the track, repeating a rolling motion that pulls it forward.
Researchers from the University of the Basque Country have developed a high-precision methodology to measure rooftop energy potential in Vitoria-Gasteiz. The study found that 50% of rooftops are viable for solar energy generation, enabling 38% of annual electricity consumption to be produced
The SNU-CMU HCAI Center aims to pioneer innovative AI solutions by combining interdisciplinary expertise in human-centered design, prioritizing human well-being and accessibility. The center has already achieved major recognition at the ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI) with a Best Paper award for a project exp...
A new University of Georgia study found that using humor in science communication increases audiences' perception of researchers as trustworthy and credible. The study used satire and anthropomorphic humor to test the effects on likability and legitimacy, finding that humor can significantly increase engagement with the public.
Researchers from China, UK, and USA collaborated to study Uturuncu volcano's 'zombie' behavior, finding that movement of liquid and gas beneath the crater is the cause of unrest. The risk of an imminent eruption is considered low, alleviating fears for local populations.
The CHLA team has demonstrated the possibility of using genetically engineered pig hearts as a 'bridge' to heart transplant for critically ill babies. Eight baboons have survived with a pig heart, with one living for nearly 21 months.
Climate change may reduce fish stock in the Bay of Bengal, threatening food security for coastal communities. The study found that extreme monsoon periods can disrupt ocean productivity, leading to a 50% reduction in food available for marine life.
A randomized controlled trial demonstrates the feasibility and acceptability of integrating exercise and rehabilitation services into routine breast cancer care. The Comprehensive Oncology Rehabilitation and Exercise (CORE) program improved functional deficits, fitness, and strength in patients with stage I-III breast cancer.
Researchers found that female cavity-nesting birds are more aggressive than their non-cavity-nesting counterparts, with beaks and claws being key defense mechanisms. The team also discovered that aggression is not linked to family or testosterone levels, but rather to specific genes that may be expressed in subtle ways.
Research reveals two parallel processes during post-learning sleep: reactivation of initial learning experience and emergence of new neurons encoding future memories. This study highlights the critical role of sleep in maintaining cognitive function and overall well-being.
Researchers at Columbia University have developed an AI algorithm that can accurately determine the atomic structure of materials with minimal sample size. The technique uses diffusion generative modeling to augment the diffraction data from nanocrystals, enabling near-perfect reconstruction of the crystal's atomic-scale structure.
A new study published in Nature Ecology & Evolution shows that integrating nature restoration with land management strategies can ensure long-term sustainability. Strategic restoration efforts can yield significant biodiversity and climate benefits while ensuring continued food and timber production across Europe.
Researchers at King Abdullah University of Science & Technology (KAUST) have discovered genes that can strengthen rice crops against environmental stresses such as heat, drought, and salinity. The study also identified a comprehensive framework for developing robust rice crops that can thrive in challenging environments.
A Rutgers-led team has detected a potentially star-forming cloud, Eos, located 300 light years away from Earth, using far-ultraviolet fluorescence emission technique. The discovery opens new possibilities for studying the molecular universe and understanding interstellar medium formation.
The European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) emphasizes the need for high immunization coverage to protect European populations from diseases like measles and polio. Vaccination remains a crucial tool in public health, with recent data showing a tenfold surge in reported measles cases in the EU/EEA.
A new study predicts that new plant pests and diseases will severely damage UK trees and woodlands by 2050, potentially losing over half of their growth. The research highlights the need for increased tree diversity and resilience to biocontrol measures.
Researchers at KIMS have developed a technology that can diagnose osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis within 10 minutes using synovial fluid. The technology uses Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) and AI-based analysis to detect minute substances responsible for arthritis.
A hospital-based outbreak detection system has been shown to prevent infections, save lives and cut costs. The Enhanced Detection System for Healthcare-Associated Transmission (EDS-HAT) uses genomic sequencing to analyze infectious disease samples from patients, identifying near-identical strains that flag potential outbreaks.
A global study analyzing data from eight countries found a significant link between the consumption of ultraprocessed foods and preventable premature deaths. The study estimates that up to 14% of all-cause premature deaths are attributable to UPF consumption, with higher rates in low- and middle-income countries.
Researchers found that measuring lipoprotein markers in a simple blood test can identify individuals at high risk of cardiovascular disease more effectively. The study analyzed data from over 200,000 people and showed that the total number of 'bad cholesterol' particles is the most important factor to consider when testing for future h...