The National Science Foundation has funded a project to develop ultralow-wear composite materials for industrial applications, with the goal of reducing friction and wear costs. The research will explore material structures, composition, processing, and operating conditions to improve tribological performance.
A study led by Mount Sinai researchers compares flu viruses to the measles virus to identify key genes that can't be changed. This could lead to the development of universal flu vaccines and improved protection against emerging viral threats.
Researchers developed a new method called computational hydrographic printing that physically aligns surface color textures onto 3D surfaces with unprecedented precision. This breakthrough enables the customization of complex surfaces with specific colors and patterns.
Researchers developed modified protocols to extract high-quality RNA from diverse plant species, overcoming challenges caused by secondary metabolites. The methods combine TRIzol reagent, TURBO DNA-free kit, and sodium lauroyl sarcosinate (sarkosyl) for improved extraction success.
According to archaeo-acoustician Steven J. Waller, ancient cultures sought booming echoes in their performance spaces, rather than clear tones. This reflects a cultural difference between past and present worldviews, where echoes were once considered mysterious and divine.
Springer announces a partnership with IMISCOE to publish their open-access journal Comparative Migration Studies and book series IMISCOE Research Series. The journal offers a unique comparative perspective on the science of migration and diversity, publishing qualitative, quantitative, and mixed-methods research.
Researchers found individuals with elevated depressive symptoms performed poorly hearing all categories of speech, not just sad speech, in cocktail party-like environments. The study's findings suggest a broader issue with emotion-general deficit in speech perception for those with depression.
A study published by the Society for Personality and Social Psychology suggests that anticipating ethical temptations can decrease the likelihood of unethical behavior. Participants who anticipated temptation were less likely to engage in dishonest behavior and more likely to maintain consistency with their long-term goals and moral se...
A new study by the University of Maryland School of Medicine found that proton therapy significantly reduces toxic side effects in esophageal cancer patients. Proton therapy targets tumors while minimizing harm to surrounding tissues, leading to improved patient outcomes.
Researchers use precision spectroscopic-imaging scanning tunneling microscope to map out defects, superconductivity, and quantum vortices. Vortex pinning depends on shape of damage tracks and collateral damage, enabling strategic engineering of materials for energy applications.
A team of researchers used DNA from frozen and dried specimens to analyze a dataset of 39 genomes, defining seven new suborders and the 'trunk' of the Agaricales tree. The study provides a framework for testing hypotheses of mushroom evolution and highlights the importance of fungaria as scientific resources.
Researchers developed vaccines for H5N1 and H7N9 avian influenza strains using a recombinant virus approach, protecting chickens against both strains. This method may lead to rapid vaccine development for emerging strains and new influenza vaccines for pigs, sheep, and other livestock.
The US and Cuba have formed a groundbreaking meteorological partnership after a 20-year process, enabling the sharing of critical weather data and GPS monitoring equipment. This collaboration marks a significant improvement in forecasting accuracy for hurricanes and tropical storms, benefiting both countries.
William Robin Lindemann, a senior at Iowa State University, has been awarded a prestigious NSF Graduate Research Fellowship for his work in materials science and engineering. The fellowship provides three years of financial support to pursue a Ph.D. in materials science and engineering.
Research shows that estuaries offer a parasite-free zone for Dungeness crabs, allowing them to rid themselves of deadly nemertean worms. The crabs thrive in lower-salinity environments, making estuaries an essential habitat for their survival.
The Anatomical Record publishes 26 articles on mummy anatomy in historical and cultural context, exploring diseases and daily life of ancient individuals. The studies utilize advanced knowledge and tools to 'unwrap' the secrets held within mummies.
The Serengeti is facing significant threats, including climate change, population growth, and infrastructure development, which could lead to the loss of this iconic ecosystem. Researchers are studying the impact of these factors on biodiversity, ecosystem functions, and services.
Researchers discovered that Mexican Jays can 'weigh' peanuts by shaking them in their beaks, producing sounds that help identify the content. The birds prefer heavier nuts with more content over lighter ones, even when they appear identical.
Researchers analyzed a stalagmite's growth patterns to understand how precipitation above the cave varied over time. The study found that during El Niño Modoki events, localized storm events occurred, while in non-El Niño periods, water traveled farther before falling.
A study by the University of Veterinary Medicine -- Vienna found that larger brain size confers a survival advantage to female guppies, but not males. The research, which released large- and small-brained guppies into semi-natural streams, revealed that large-brained fish are better at evading predators, leading to higher survival rates.
A four-year study of 73,357 Chinese adults found that faster heart rates were positively associated with an increased risk of developing diabetes. Participants with faster heart rates had a 23% increased risk of diabetes for every 10 beats per minute, similar to the effects of a 3 kilogram per meter square increase in body mass index.
Researchers at Karolinska Institutet found that people can be conditioned to associate images with specific pain responses without conscious awareness. This study suggests that unconscious learning may have a significant impact on higher cognitive processes, including pain perception.
Researchers developed a metamaterial hyperlens that can improve early cancer detection, nanoelectronic manufacturing, and single-molecule observation. The design overcomes diffraction limitations in the visible frequency range, enabling higher resolution imaging and potentially leading to breakthroughs in various fields.
A recent study by Aitana Lertxundi analyzed the effects of PM2.5 and NO2 pollution on pregnant women and their offspring. The research found an inverse relationship between exposure to air pollution and motor development in babies, with breastfed infants showing improved motor skills.
Researchers find smokers are four times more likely to visit emergency rooms, while substance abuse and psychiatric illnesses also contribute to frequent ER use. Overall medical care visits have soared, driven by chronic diseases and increased health insurance coverage.
A recent study reveals that supercooled water does not become completely unstable before turning into ice crystals, thanks to an energy barrier for crystal formation. As temperature drops, liquid water becomes easier to compress, unlike other substances.
Farmers using multiple herbicides per application (83 times less likely to have resistance) and rotating herbicide mixing are the most effective tools in managing herbicide resistance. Management factors, not environmental or landscape variables, play a crucial role in preventing resistance.
Researchers at Virginia Tech's Fralin Life Science Institute have discovered a genetic switch called Nix that underlies the difference between male and female mosquitoes. By harnessing this trait, they hope to develop mosquito control strategies by converting females into harmless males or eliminating deadly females.
Associate Professor Suetonia Palmer's study provides an evidence-based guide on safe and effective blood-pressure-lowering drugs for patients with kidney disease and diabetes. The research, published in the Lancet journal, compared hundreds of studies to identify the most effective treatments.
A randomized trial found that combining personalized risk assessments and diabetes education at ophthalmologic visits did not improve HbA1c levels in patients with type 1 or 2 diabetes. The study suggests that long-term optimization of glycemic control requires more extensive interventional paradigms.
A team of scientists from the University of Leicester has discovered a new species of 425-million-year-old fossil, which is the first parasite of its kind to be found intact with its host. The fossil species, named Invavita piratica, is a 'tongue worm' that was previously known only from isolated juvenile specimens.
Researchers at Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University have discovered a novel strategy to exploit apoptosis in lung cancer treatment by inhibiting the Bcl-2 protein. A new class of compounds has been identified that bind to the BH4 domain of Bcl-2, promoting cancer cell death.
The Tara Oceans expedition has produced a comprehensive catalogue of over 40 million genes from 35,000 unknown species, showcasing the vast diversity of planktonic organisms. Climate change impacts on ocean ecosystems are being studied using this global dataset.
A recent study has identified genetic abnormalities in prostate cancer that can be targeted with existing or potential drugs, providing a new approach to treatment. The research found that nearly all tumors had at least one genetic aberration, including mutations in the androgen receptor gene.
A comprehensive map of genetic mutations in advanced prostate cancers has been created, revealing that nearly 90% of patients have actionable mutations. This breakthrough could lead to targeted treatments and improve patient outcomes.
A large international study found that approximately 90% of cases with advanced prostate cancer harbor clinically actionable genetic anomalies. The researchers sequenced DNA and RNA from tumor biopsy samples to identify potential treatments, shedding light on this aggressive type of cancer.
Researchers at McMaster University have developed a technology to convert adult human blood cells into functional neurons, providing insights into pain perception and potential new treatments. This breakthrough could lead to the development of personalized pain medications that target specific neural pathways.
Researchers discovered hundreds of genes from an ancestor shared by humans and yeast that remain unchanged over time. The study enables the use of humanized yeast to better understand genetic disorders and test new therapies.
To limit climate change to 1.5°C, accelerated energy efficiency gains and CO2 removal are crucial, with a tight constraint on future carbon emissions required, and global carbon neutrality needed 10-20 years earlier than projected for a 2°C target
Glaciers on the Southern Antarctic Peninsula have been destabilized and are melting at accelerated rates since 2009, contributing significantly to rising sea levels. Warming ocean currents and changes in wind circulation are thought to be the primary causes of this phenomenon.
A new study published in BMC Medicine found that people in England consume an additional 12 million bottles of wine each week due to holidays and special occasions. This increase in alcohol consumption can lead to health issues, highlighting the need for more accurate measurement and targeted interventions.
Researchers at Goethe University found that two out of ten plastic rings in baby teethers release chemicals with hormone-like effects. These additives can inhibit the effects of androgens such as testosterone and act like natural oestrogen in the body. The study highlights the need for manufacturers, regulatory agencies, and scientists...
A new study of social relationships in wild apes reveals that low-ranking female chimpanzees form stronger bonds with other females of similar status. The researchers analyzed daily records for 53 adult females over 38 years and found that these low-ranking pairs were more likely to seek each other out than those from higher social ranks.
Researchers aim to identify annoying features of wind power plants from people's experiences in Finnish climatic conditions. A real-time feedback system and statistical models will be used to model the formation and dissemination of sound.
Joint recommendations from the Heart Failure Association, European Society of Emergency Medicine, and Society for Academic Emergency Medicine emphasize urgent diagnosis and treatment of acute heart failure. The guidelines outline tests, treatments, and management strategies to reduce mortality and morbidity.
Dozens of deliberately set fires were detected in Angola using NASA's MODIS instrument on May 21, 2015. The fires, likely used for land management purposes, produce smoke that degrades air quality and contain carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and particulate matter.
The Bronze Age Egtved Girl's strontium isotope signatures indicate she was born and raised outside Denmark's current borders. Her clothing, blanket, and oxhide come from the Schwarzwald region of South West Germany. This discovery confirms close relations between Denmark and Southern Germany in the Bronze Age.
CHOP's Dr. Michael Levine has received the Master of the American College of Endocrinology (MACE) Award for his distinguished career in pediatric endocrinology and diabetes research. He is a world authority on the genetics of parathyroid disease and has published over 250 manuscripts, chapters, and reviews.
Researchers detected a sudden onset of ice loss in Antarctica's Southern Antarctic Peninsula, with glaciers shedding 55 trillion liters of water annually. The region's ice loss shows no signs of waning and is attributed to warming oceans.
Researchers at UC Berkeley developed algorithms that enable robots to learn motor tasks through trial and error, mimicking human learning. The 'deep learning' technique allows robots to adapt to changing environments without pre-programmed details.
Researchers documented how a meatpacking plant met the desire for low-wage, exploitive jobs, with many Guatemalans migrating from desperate situations. The study explores the role of shadow networks in forging identities of migrating workers and their experiences in finding agency and improving lives.
Researchers created a method to determine source characteristics of near-earth surface explosions using seismic stations in Turkey. They found the Syrian tunnel bomb blast was likely around 40 tons, contradicting initial claims of 60 tons. The technique serves as a forensic tool for investigators and governmental agencies.
Co-infection with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) may make a survivable malaria parasite infection lethal, according to experimental results with mice. EBV infection can suppress the immune system, allowing malaria parasites to take hold.
Caltech researchers successfully implanted a device in a patient with quadriplegia, allowing him to control a robotic arm with his thoughts. The new approach records signals from the posterior parietal cortex, improving motor control and making movements more natural.
Researchers have identified and corrected defects in diseased cells, restoring normal activity in Cockayne syndrome patients. The study reveals the role of an enzyme, HTRA3 protease, in mitochondrial defects that contribute to premature aging. Therapeutic strategies using HTRA3 inhibitors or antioxidants may soon be tested in patients.
Researchers found that integration of new neurons in the adult brain is compromised in depressed patients, particularly in the olfactory bulb. This discovery provides an important step towards understanding the mechanisms of depression.
Researchers have predicted a liquid phase in atomically thin golden islands that patch small pores of graphene, where gold atoms flow and change places in the plane. The liquid state is possible when the edge of graphene pore stretches the metallic membrane.
A workplace intervention designed to reduce work-family conflict and increase schedule flexibility has a positive influence on the sleep patterns of employees' children. Children whose parents participated in the STAR intervention showed improved sleep quality compared to those in a control group, according to researchers at Penn State.
Research on face perception in Japanese children aged 8-13 years reveals that it almost matures by age 13, significantly earlier than previously observed in Western children. This study utilized EEG to analyze the N170 component and found significant differences between Japanese and Western children in terms of latency and peak detection.
Researchers found a 35,000-year-old wolf bone in Siberia that reveals the most recent common ancestor of modern wolves and dogs. The discovery sheds light on the early origins of dog domestication, with implications for our understanding of human-wolf relationships.