Artificial muscles made from gold-plated onion cells have been created by National Taiwan University researchers. The onions' cell structure allows them to bend and stretch in different directions depending on the applied voltage, enabling unique actuation modes.
A study by Xuan Chen and Carlos A. Flores found that Job Corps participants experienced average wage effects of 5.7-13.9% four years after graduation, with non-Hispanics seeing greater gains.
Tropical Storm Noul poses a significant threat to Yap Island, with maximum sustained winds of 55 knots and wave heights reaching 20 feet. The storm is expected to intensify to 125 knots over the next five days.
A new study has found high levels of hepatitis C (HCV) infection across Africa, particularly in people infected with HIV. The report, published in The Lancet Infectious Diseases, found that around three per cent of people in sub-Saharan Africa have been infected with HCV infection, rising to 5.7 per cent in individuals with HIV.
Research by Tel Aviv University finds that social anxiety elevates the risk of bruxism, a condition causing tooth wear and fractures. The study also found moderate-to-severe dental wear in 42.1% of socially anxious individuals.
Researchers at Boston Children's Hospital have identified previously unrecognized proteins and pathways involved in nerve regeneration using proteomics techniques. Adding back the oncogene c-myc achieved unprecedented optic nerve regeneration in mice, promoting survival and axon growth.
The microcombing technique creates large, pure CNT films that are stronger than previous ones and have improved electrical conductivity. The films can be made lightweight and are twice as strong as previous CNT fibers.
A new study published in the Journal of Health Psychology highlights the disconnect between dieting plans and behavior. Researchers found that people plan to change their eating habits based on thoughts, but when it comes to executing those changes, feelings play a crucial role in guiding behavior.
Researchers at Georgia Tech have developed a microfabricated ion trap architecture that increases qubit density and brings us closer to building a quantum computer. The new design uses ball grid array techniques to fit more electrodes onto the chip, paving the way for increased scalability.
Researchers developed two new strategies to mitigate the risk of suicide in young people taking SSRIs, finding that careful dosing can minimize negative effects. Adding a molecule called WAY-100635 eliminates anxiety and impulsivity associated with SSRI treatment.
Researchers at the University of Manchester have developed a new genetic profiling approach to identify patients with right lung cancer who are eligible for targeted therapies. The method uses smaller tissue biopsies and has been shown to detect genetic changes in over 95% of samples.
Researchers use a novel technique involving focused light beams to study the activity of rods, the light-sensitive cells of the retina. They found that the electrical response of the nerve changes depending on the region of the cell being hit by the light.
Researchers at Yale University and the University of California-Santa Cruz have detected an exceptionally luminous galaxy more than 13 billion years in the past, EGS-zs8-1. The galaxy is one of the brightest and most massive objects in the early universe, with a mass equivalent to over 15% of our Milky Way.
A recent study has identified the enzyme responsible for obesity-related hypertension, which breaks down a molecule necessary for relaxing blood vessels. The research suggests that targeting this enzyme may lead to new treatment options for obese patients with high blood pressure.
Researchers from Southwest Research Institute image thunder for the first time, capturing the sound waves created by artificially triggered lightning. The technique allows scientists to study the origins of thunder and the energetic processes associated with lightning, revealing new insights into this natural phenomenon.
A new study by Michigan State University scholars found that exceptional teachers incorporate their personal interests into the curriculum to create interactive and effective learning experiences. The research suggests that teachers should be encouraged to take creative risks and bring diverse perspectives to the classroom.
A new study by SDSU psychology professor Jean M. Twenge shows a significant change in attitudes about sex and sexuality among different generations, with Millennials being the most accepting of premarital sex. The study also found that acceptance of same-sex relations has increased substantially over time.
A new system combining GPS and radar measures snow properties on slopes, enabling continuous and non-destructive monitoring of snow volumes and liquid water content. The method promises to enhance forecasting of avalanches and spring floods in Alpine areas.
Researchers found anaerobic co-digestion to have cost, energy, and environmental benefits compared to digestion of manure but disposal of food waste in a landfill. The process resulted in a 25-year net value of over $8.4 million for dairy farm manure and food waste co-digestion.
A nine-week relaxation response training program improved symptoms and gene expression in patients with IBS and IBD. The study found significant improvements in disease-related symptoms, anxiety, and quality of life, with changes in the expression of nearly 200 genes in IBS patients and over 1,000 genes in IBD patients.
A RAND Corporation study found that online training programs can be as effective as in-person instruction in teaching psychotherapists evidence-based treatments. The approach may speed up the adoption of new treatments and improve patient outcomes by providing an efficient and scalable way to train large numbers of clinicians.
A NREL report finds that shared solar programs can expand access to renewable energy, reaching 32-49% of the US distributed photovoltaic market in 2020. The program's structure and regulation impact its potential for deployment.
Researchers analyzed musical properties using signal processing and text-mining to identify trends with consistency. The study found that hip-hop's arrival in 1991 was the greatest musical revolution in US pop history, followed by a diverse year in 1986 attributed to drum machines and samplers.
A study published in JAMA found that administering oral spores of a non-toxigenic C. difficile strain can significantly reduce the risk of CDI recurrence. The treatment, known as NTCD-M3, showed a 30% lower recurrence rate compared to placebo.
The American Society for Radiation Oncology (ASTRO) has issued a new guideline on definitive and adjuvant radiotherapy in locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer, citing 35 years of data to guide current treatment and future research. The guideline recommends RT as the ideal treatment for patients with locally advanced NSCLC.
Researchers from Penn Medicine and the Perelman School of Medicine will engineer T cells to be resistant to HIV-1 infection using a new gene therapy approach. The project aims to make more CD4 T cells resistant to the virus, re-invigorating the immune response.
Polymer chemist Kazunori Kataoka and theologian Kwok Pui Lan receive the Gutenberg Research Award for their pioneering work on polymer-based nano-carriers for cancer therapy and post-colonial feminist theology. Their research has significantly advanced theoretical research in these fields and contributed to practical applications.
The Energy Department's National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) and Idaho National Laboratory (INL) have successfully demonstrated the capability to connect grid simulations at their two labs for real-time interaction via the Internet. This new inter-lab capability enables the modeling of power grids in greater detail by allowing s...
A new chest strap ECG monitor has been developed using wettable electrodes that are kept moist by an artificial sweating process. The device can now be used for long-term heart rate monitoring, addressing previous limitations of gel electrodes.
Research found that prolonged noise exposure alters cells connected to the brain in mice, enabling them to conserve neurotransmitters and better cope with loud conditions. The cells also changed their structure to increase storage capacity for these chemicals.
A 12-week dose of an investigational three-drug combination cleared the virus in 93 percent of patients with liver cirrhosis who hadn't previously been treated. The addition of ribavirin to the regimen enhanced results, eliminating the virus in 93 percent of previously treated patients.
Behnaz Ghoraani's novel algorithm allows improved and patient-specific localization of electrical disturbance sites, enabling clinicians to better target the problem. The technology helps doctors 'see' what's going on in the atrium by analyzing patterns of electrical signals, guiding them to where they need to sense.
A new detailed guide provides advice on urinary catheter use, suggesting that far fewer hospital patients should receive them. The Ann Arbor Criteria recommend using catheters only in certain situations, such as for intensive care unit patients who need hourly urine volume measurement.
Researchers created detailed 3D models of rodent brain's sensory cortex, showing interconnected networks across cortical columns. The study found that neurons in different cell types project to multiple columns, with non-uniform axon projection patterns, and these pathways can encode complex sensory information.
A new study published in Accident Analysis and Prevention found that Ontario adults who experienced a traumatic brain injury (TBI) also reported higher incidents of serious road-related driving aggression. The study, conducted by researchers at St. Michael's Hospital, analyzed data from almost 4,000 adults aged 18-97 and discovered a s...
A US research team has identified promising edamame lines for commercial production in the Midwest, with improvements needed to overcome challenges such as poor seed germination and emergence. The study suggests that edamame plants can grow quicker than grain-type soybean, but require shorter plant sizes for efficient mechanical harvest.
Research links environmental factors to Great Barrier Reef's eight-thousand-year growth slowdown, highlighting the need for conservation efforts in the face of projected port expansions and nutrient runoff. The study suggests a two-thousand-year delay in reef growth following sea level rise and flooding of pre-existing reefs.
Researchers have characterized early-stage changes in Alzheimer's-affected cells, revealing that even a small number of affected cells can cause widespread electrical activity disruption. This could lead to the development of new diagnostic methods, including electroencephalogram screening.
Scientists at Aarhus University have discovered the three-dimensional structure of a Spiegelmer, a mirror-image molecule that can escape degradation and detection by the immune system. This breakthrough has enabled the development of a new class of oligonucleotide aptamers with potential therapeutic applications for treating diseases.
Studies found that daclatasvir, asunaprevir, and beclabuvir regimens achieved high sustained virologic response (SVR) rates in patients with HCV genotype 1 infection. The UNITY-1 study reported an SVR rate of 91.3% among treatment-naive patients, while the UNITY-2 study showed a similar success rate for treatment-experienced patients. ...
A redesigned wire system using stealth technology reduces heat generation in implanted device leads, allowing more patients to safely undergo MRI exams. This innovation expands access to state-of-the-art imaging for up to 300,000 patients worldwide.
UC San Diego researchers use a statistical tool to determine the optimal media composition for growing human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), reducing variability and improving reproducibility. The findings aim to create a standard for hPSC cultures, enabling laboratories worldwide to access consistent results.
Scientists from Houston Methodist report that porous silicon microparticles can potentiate anti-tumor immunity by enhancing cross-presentation and inducing a type I interferon response. This approach shows promise for treating HER2+ breast cancer patients, with potential applications for other types of cancers.
Researchers at UT Austin use regional climate models to assess climate change impact on Malawi's growing season, finding shorter growing seasons and earlier ends by mid-21st century. The study highlights the need for adaptation planning to mitigate global warming's effects.
Scientists from Berkeley Lab and University of Hawaii at Manoa recreated conditions around carbon-rich stars to find formation pathways of nitrogen-containing molecules. They successfully synthesized quinolone and isoquinoline in hot environments, which could lead to the creation of biorelevant molecules such as nucleobases.
The AAAS Kavli Science Journalism Awards program is expanding globally, now accepting entries from reporters worldwide. The expanded program will bestow 16 prizes annually, including a new $3,500 Silver prize, with top awards increasing in value.
Researchers from University of North Carolina School of Medicine found that transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) had a statistically significant detrimental effect on IQ scores, with participants receiving sham stimulation showing greater improvement. The study adds to the increasing literature showing mixed results for tDCS ...
Researchers at Vienna University of Technology and Activision-Blizzard develop a new mathematical method to create more realistic surface rendering in computer games. The 'SSSS-method' takes into account light scattering below the surface, reducing computing time while maintaining realistic images.
Scientists discovered a new DNA modification that regulates gene expression in insects, worms, and green algae. This finding opens a new field of biology and epigenetics research.
The Gutenberg Research College welcomed three new fellows and conferred the 2015 Gutenberg Research Award on Professor Kazunori Kataoka and Professor Kwok Pui Lan for their outstanding contributions to polymer chemistry and post-colonial feminist theology, respectively.
Researchers at Case Western Reserve University found that treating gum disease can improve prostate inflammation symptoms and quality of life for men with prostatitis. The study, which treated 27 men with moderate to severe gum disease, showed significant improvements in PSA levels and symptom scores.
Researchers at Wayne State University are seeking to understand the genomic information of herpes simplex virus 1 and its interactions with host cells to develop new anti-herpes treatments. The study aims to uncover the functions of infected cell protein 0, which plays a key role in disrupting host defenses.
A new study found emissions of ozone-forming compounds at an Illinois ethanol refinery are 30 times higher than government estimates. Emissions from other refineries in the US may also be underestimated, potentially making them a larger source of VOCs than currently thought.
Researchers found that writing and speaking are supported by different parts of the brain, revealing a high-level distinction between word construction. This understanding could help educators teach children to read and write more effectively and improve therapies for those suffering from aphasia.
Researchers discovered a promising material called thallium sulfide iodide that can be used to create high-performance, low-cost, and room-temperature semiconductor radiation detectors. The material has higher density, heavier chemical elements, and lower growth temperature compared to existing candidates.
Researchers at UMass Amherst developed a new understanding of strain effects on organic transistor performance, revealing that micro-scale wrinkling can enhance or have no effect on electrical properties. The study contributes to the development of next-generation flexible electronic devices.
Researchers discovered that dolphins in the Indian River Lagoon have preferred friends and avoid certain individuals, forming communities along the lagoon's north-south axis. The study provides insight into dolphin social behavior, habitat use, and potential breeding habits.
New research reveals neural movements can be measured and predicted using non-invasive techniques, helping explain widespread syndromes like carpal tunnel syndrome and sciatica. The study highlights the importance of preserving free movement of neural structures to maintain an asymptomatic situation.
A new study from University of Toronto researchers found a significant association between childhood maltreatment and difficulty sleeping later in life. Adults who experienced multiple incidents of childhood maltreatment were 10% more likely to have trouble sleeping after adjusting for other potential explanatory factors.
A study published in Genome Biology reveals that within 20 minutes of ischemia, significant changes occur in protein synthesis, primarily involving mitochondrial respiratory chain proteins. The findings suggest an early system of regulation, including the increase in UBE2S protein, which may directly affect the HIF signaling pathway.
A new study by Loyola researchers shows that giving non-toxic C. difficile spores orally can stop repeated bouts of the infection, which occurs in 25-30% of patients. The treatment reduces recurrence rates to as low as 5%, offering real hope for those debilitated by recurring bouts.
Researchers at the University of Pittsburgh designed a synthetic polymer gel that can change shape and move using its own internally generated power. The SP-BZ gel combines the properties of two materials to enable self-bending, folding, and self-propelled motion.
Researchers Jitka Polechova and Nick Barton propose a new theory on why species can't adapt to wider environmental conditions. Their findings suggest that sharp range limits can form even in environments with smooth changes, due to random fluctuations in gene frequencies.
Researchers developed a centimeter-accurate GPS-based positioning system that could revolutionize virtual reality and mobile devices. The system, called GRID, can extract precise measurements from low-cost antennas, making it economically feasible for mobile devices.
A consultant cardiologist argues that private practice has direct adverse effects on the NHS, leading to increased waiting times and unnecessary tests. He believes doctors should not be allowed to work in both sectors due to conflicting priorities.
Researchers identified a gene variant outside the huntingtin gene that affects disease onset timing. The variant delays symptoms when on the normal protein copy, while accelerating them on the mutated protein copy.
Researchers at Washington State University have successfully produced hydrocarbons from the common black fungus Aspergillus carbonarius, a key component of petroleum-based fuels. The team hopes to commercialize this process in the next five years, making it a potentially game-changing alternative to traditional aviation fuels.
Biologists at the University of Luxembourg analysed 1100 microRNAs in 100 blood samples to create a reference for the majority of microRNAs in healthy people. They found that some previously praised molecules are naturally variable and not reliable biomarkers, while others show promising deviations indicative of skin cancer.
A University of Maryland School of Public Health study found that linking low-income uninsured patients to safety-net clinics reduced avoidable emergency department visits. The initiative improved health outcomes and reduced costs for vulnerable populations in Montgomery County, Maryland.
Researchers found that chronic high blood sugar disrupts mitochondria activity by altering levels of O-GlcNAc transferase and removal enzymes. This leads to less efficient energy production, increased heat and damaging molecules, and further elevates blood sugar.
Scientists are continuing their research in the Himalayas to understand the seismic hazard along the Himalayan Frontal Thrust Fault. The team is searching for ground ruptures that may help quantify the potential for additional earthquakes in the magnitude 8 or 9 range after a devastating earthquake hit Nepal.
A new study found that companies experience significant improvement when a former politician takes a leadership role, but CEOs moving to politics do not provide the same benefits. Former cabinet secretaries proved to be the most valuable hires, stimulating stock returns of 3.6% per year.
Researchers developed a combination approach to recover phosphorus from wastewater using mathematical modeling. The method achieved approximately 90% removal of phosphorus, generating $150,000 in annual revenue for WWTPs with limited budgets. This sustainable approach reduces mining demand and improves surface water health.
A study published in Brain Imaging and Behavior found that brain activity responding to high-calorie food images is lower at night compared to daytime. Researchers used MRI to measure neural responses to food images during morning and evening sessions, revealing a dip in reward-related brain reactivity in the evening.
Researchers found that mobile shoppers tend to purchase items they've purchased before or from familiar brands, due to limited smartphone screen size. Low spenders also shop more frequently after adopting mobile shopping, leading to larger orders.
University of Adelaide researchers identified a common building block called PATR in virulence factors of many major harmful bacteria. The discovery could lead to the development of broad-spectrum bacterial virulence inhibitors, revolutionizing antibiotic treatments.
A neural network model correctly predicted 96% of US bank bankruptcies between 2002 and 2013. The model identified construction loans and rapid growth as key risk factors for bank failure.
Heavy rainfall from cyclone Quang affected western Australia, while a non-tropical system pounded the east coast, resulting in over 454 mm of rain in the Indian Ocean. In the Coral Sea, southeast Australia received above 356 mm of rainfall, causing widespread flooding and at least four reported deaths.
Research led by the University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health shows that people with type 1 diabetes experience accelerated brain aging, correlated with slower information processing and cognitive difficulties. The study suggests clinicians should screen middle-aged patients for cognitive complications to prevent potent...
A phase I clinical trial has begun for a new 'resistance-busting' experimental skin cancer drug, administered to the first patient just three months after a major publication described its potential. The trial aims to establish the safe maximum dose for a planned phase II clinical trial, focusing on advanced melanoma patients.