A recent study published in JAMA Pediatrics has revealed a significant association between e-cigarette use and the progression to traditional cigarette smoking among adolescents and young adults. The study found that nearly 70% of e-cigarette users progressed towards smoking, while only 18.9% of non-users did so.
A new study reveals that Southern California wildfires have two distinct personalities, with Santa Ana winds-driven fires being more damaging due to faster spread, urban burns, and higher economic losses. Climate change is expected to fan flames for the region, increasing fire risk from hot summers.
Research shows low-level oil exposure leads to later heart defects, weaker swimming, and reduced survival in Alaskan fish populations. Subtle changes in heart formation have delayed but important consequences for first-year survival, determining the long-term abundance of wild fish populations.
Researchers discovered a new molecule, 101.10, that effectively prevents inflammation-induced uterine contractions and premature delivery without harming the fetus or mother. The study is a significant step towards preventing prematurity, the world's leading cause of infant death.
A new study found that people with depression have higher levels of a brain protein called FGF9, which can be a target for developing new antidepressants. The research also showed that artificially increasing FGF9 levels in rats led to depression-like behavior changes.
A new study from the UNC School of Medicine reveals that a diabetes drug called rosiglitazone substantially increases bone fat, leading to an increased risk of bone fractures. However, exercise has been shown to decrease bone fat by around 10%, which can help mitigate this risk.
The Phase I study confirms the therapeutic dose and safety profile of SCYX-7158, a first oral drug candidate specifically developed to combat human African trypanosomiasis. The study results translate into prolonged exposure with just one dose, targeting the late stage of the disease where the parasite crosses the blood-brain barrier.
The new 2015 WHO Classification of Lung Tumors provides standard criteria for pathology diagnosis and clinical practice. The updated classification focuses on histologic subtyping and classification according to predominant subtype, leading to multiple new discoveries in lung adenocarcinoma.
Seizures are a common occurrence in childhood brain tumor survivors, affecting 24% at the start and 14% on an ongoing basis. Certain factors such as tumor type and extent of surgery contribute to seizure risk, impacting treatment management.
Researchers have discovered a new molecule that can target the STAT3 protein, which interferes with chemotherapy in patients with acute myeloid leukemia. The molecule, MM-206, locates and attacks a previously unknown binding site on STAT3, disrupting its disease-promoting effects.
An international team of researchers identified key opportunities in nutrition science to close a major gap between available and projected food by 2050. The researchers proposed eight axes of research, including sustainability, food safety, and big data analysis, to improve nutrition as a science.
University of Cincinnati quantum chemistry researcher Thomas Beck develops new methods to calculate the thermodynamics of ion hydration, leading to more efficient renewable energy devices. His findings have garnered international respect and recognition from top physicists.
Researchers at Rockefeller University have made new discoveries about the DNA repair process, uncovering previously unknown functions of histone H2AX. They found that a specific portion of the protein interacts with phosphorylated H2AX, facilitating the repair of double-stranded breaks in DNA.
Researchers found that microRNA 506 acts as a tumor suppressor in gastric cancer, inhibiting angiogenesis and metastasis. Patients with high miR-506 expression have significantly longer survival times compared to those with low expression levels.
A new study found that people with health insurance are more likely to have their chronic conditions correctly diagnosed and under control. If half of nonelderly uninsured Americans gain health insurance, an estimated 1.5 million newly insured individuals will be diagnosed with one or more conditions.
Research from the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston found a slight increase in mortality risk associated with fine particulate matter in the air. The study analyzed PM2.5 components and found that ammonium, nitrate, sulfate, and vanadium were most strongly linked to increased mortality risk, especially during winter ...
A global survey found that most adults (72%) believe they have a 'healthy' or 'optimal' diet, despite the high prevalence of diseases associated with dietary deficiencies. The survey also revealed that less than half of respondents consume enough Omega-3s and Vitamin D through food sources alone.
Recent small studies suggest psychedelic drugs like LSD and psilocybin may help reduce anxiety, PTSD symptoms, and alcohol addiction. However, more research is needed to confirm these findings and determine clinical application.
Researchers at the University of Iowa have identified a protein that causes age-related muscle weakness and loss. They also discovered two natural compounds, found in apples and green tomatoes, which reduce this protein's activity and can restore muscle mass and strength.
Researchers have identified an age-related cause of arterial dysfunction, finding that older arteries have fewer sensory nerves and are less sensitive to a key neurotransmitter. This discovery could lead to future treatments for age-related vascular diseases such as stroke and cardiovascular disease.
Researchers from the University of Ottawa Heart Institute and Oxford University found that multiple common genetic variants contribute to heart disease, rather than a few rare variants. They identified 202 genetic variants in 129 gene regions that explain approximately 23% of coronary heart disease's heritability.
A species of ant, the northern hairy wood ant (Formica lugubris), is thriving in newly formed coniferous forests in the North York Moors National Park. The ant's population has expanded into these plantations, suggesting they provide a suitable habitat for this forest specialist species.
A community-based prospective study in Blantyre, Malawi found that HIV self-testing (HIVST) was widely accepted and accurate, with 94.6% of participants reporting high satisfaction. The study also showed that HIVST led to a low incidence of partner violence and suicides, and agreed with repeat HTC results in 99.4% of cases.
A Baylor University study reveals that exposure to atrazine, a common herbicide, does not cause long-term harm to aquatic plants. The researchers found that most biological response variables affected by atrazine recovered after the dosing ceased, with only slight effects on algae and plant life.
A study found that companies presenting a human voice on social media improve their corporate reputation, with customers having a more positive view. The researchers conducted a two-year longitudinal study and surveyed over 3,500 participants to reach this conclusion.
A study of extremely preterm infants found changes in maternal and infant care practices resulting in improved survival rates. Survival without major health problems increased significantly for infants born at 25-28 weeks.
Scientists solved the atomic structure of a fluoride ion channel using synthetic proteins called monobodies. The discovery revealed a unique 'double-barreled' architecture with two pathways for fluoride ion flow, differing from typical ion channels.
Researchers found that elephant seals shed significant amounts of mercury during molting, resulting in high concentrations of the toxic metal in coastal waters. The study reveals a previously unrecognized source of mercury contamination in coastal waters, highlighting the need for further monitoring and mitigation efforts.
A large study of individuals with autism found that both men and women with the condition performed similarly to typical males on an empathy test. This result supports the 'extreme male brain' theory, which predicts lower empathy scores in individuals with autism compared to females.
A Yale study reveals that suburban ponds experience a gender revolution due to elevated levels of estrogen in shrubbery and lawn areas. The research shows that female frogs outnumber males, likely caused by endocrine disruption from phytoestrogens produced by plants commonly found in lawns.
Physicists have developed a single silicon nanoparticle as an ultrafast all-optical transistor, enabling ultrafast switching and promising for optical computing. The study found that the nanoparticle's properties can be dramatically changed by irradiating it with intense laser pulses, allowing for control of light scattering direction.
Scientists at University of Basel have shown how chaperones stabilize immature bacterial membrane protein FhuA and guide it in the right folding direction, preventing misfolding. This discovery has significant implications for diseases caused by misfolded proteins like Alzheimer's and cystic fibrosis.
Physicists at the University of Basel have created a new type of light source that emits identical single photons, a crucial step towards quantum information technology. The breakthrough uses a semiconductor quantum dot to control nuclear spin, allowing for indistinguishable photons.
The American College of Physicians recommends policies for the use of telemedicine in primary care settings, aiming to improve access to care while balancing benefits and risks. The position paper offers more than a dozen policy statements and recommendations for utilization and reimbursement.
A Umeå University research group has identified two bacterial enzymes that can be used to modify proteins for use in medical drugs. The AnkX-Lem3 system allows for the addition and removal of a phosphocholine moiety, enabling fine-tuned control over protein function.
Three American scientists have been awarded the prestigious International Balzan Prizes for their outstanding contributions to the fields of art history, economic history, astroparticle physics, and oceanography. Hans Belting, Joel Mokyr, Francis Halzen, and David Karl will share a total prize amount of $3 million.
The trend of modern audiences getting involved in theater productions is explored in a new book by Caroline Heim. Audiences are increasingly exuberant participants, participating in actions like screaming, taking photos, and drinking during performances.
Researchers at Chalmers University of Technology have developed a new experimental approach called plasmonic nanospectroscopy to study individual nanoparticles. This method reveals significant differences in properties between seemingly identical particles, which could lead to improved hydrogen sensors for fuel cell cars.
A new study uses mobile phone records to predict the geographical spread and timing of dengue epidemics, providing critical early warning to policymakers. The model accurately forecasts outbreaks in locations of recent epidemics and emerging trouble spots, enabling national control programs to plan in near real time.
Scientists found thermally excited magnetic waves generate electricity in insulators with thin metallic layers. This breakthrough explains the Spin Seebeck effect, enabling heat recovery and conversion into electrical energy.
Researchers used data from the Earth's gravity field, topography, seismology, and crustal structure to create a 3D model of the North American craton. The study found that the lower part of the craton's root has shifted by approximately 850 kilometers towards the west-southwest due to mantle flow.
Researchers developed a new 'zippered tube' configuration that makes paper structures stiff enough to hold weight yet can fold flat. This technique could be applied to other thin materials to transform structures from furniture to buildings to microscopic robots.
A study by Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine researchers reveals that evolution can be highly predictable in terms of developing toxin resistance. Convergent evolution of two amino acid changes in a specific gene leads to the development of toxin resistance in various animals, including insects, reptiles, and mammals.
Scientists developed an interactive analysis program called Gingko to study genetic anomalies and provide a simple way to visualize patterns in copy number mutations. This could help clinicians better target medications based on individual cell mutation profiles.
A team of researchers has discovered that early Iberian farmers are the closest ancestors to modern-day Basques, contradicting previous hypotheses. The study also reveals that farming was brought to Iberia by groups migrating to northern and central Europe, leading to admixture with local hunter-gatherer populations.
Researchers at PolyU have created high-efficiency, low-cost semitransparent perovskite solar cells with graphene electrodes for BIPV applications. The PCEs reach up to 12% and show potential cost savings of over 50% compared to existing silicon-based solar panels.
Researchers discovered that Candida albicans, a deadly fungus, uses copper to fuel an enzyme designed to neutralize free radical attacks, but can switch to manganese when copper levels drop. This clever adaptation allows the fungus to survive in tissues like the kidney.
The new vegetationmap4africa version provides a smartphone application and website to help users identify tree species and their uses. It aids in agroforestry and landscape restoration by providing information on suitable tree species for specific goods and services, as well as tools for regenerating degraded land.
A recent study suggests that grandmothering played a crucial role in the development of human pair bonds, which distinguish us from other primates. With increasing human longevity, grandmothers helped feed their weaned children, allowing their daughters to have more kids and passing on genes.
A study published in Nature has identified nearly 1,000 common protein complexes shared by most kinds of animals, revealing deep evolutionary relationships. These findings have significant implications for understanding the genetic basis of diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and cancer across different species.
Research from Harvard University suggests that flooding for hydroelectric development can increase methylmercury levels in Arctic ecosystems by up to 200 percent. The study found that freshwater from melting ice mixing with salt water creates a feeding zone for plankton that accumulates mercury and magnifies its effects on the food chain.
Engineers at the University of Sheffield are working with the ITF to create a handheld device that measures friction on tennis courts. This will enable professional players to understand and adjust their sliding movements, giving them an edge over their opponents.
A multinational team of scientists created the world's largest protein map, revealing tens of thousands of new protein interactions that account for about a quarter of all estimated protein contacts in a cell. The map is helping researchers spot individual proteins that could be at the root of complex human disorders.
UBC physicists successfully induce superconductivity in single-layer graphene by coating it with lithium atoms, opening up new possibilities for graphene electronics and nanoscale quantum devices. The breakthrough has significant cross-disciplinary impacts, with potential applications in computing, medicine, and sustainable energy.
Researchers at the University of Bonn successfully eliminated multi-resistant bacteria from a pig stable using radical hygiene measures, including frequent hand washing and quarantine. While MRSA was not eradicated, overall health improvement led to reduced antibiotic use, highlighting potential applications for hospitals
Researchers at Queen's University Belfast are developing new 'inhaled antibiotics' to manage chronic lung infection in cystic fibrosis and bronchiectasis. The €50 million project will improve patients' quality of life by reducing lung infections and flare-ups, and overcoming antibacterial resistance.
The New England Wild Flower Society and partners have launched a $2.3M project to collect native seeds for coastal habitat restoration from Maine to Virginia. This initiative will supply seeds sustainably collected from the local area, targeting 50 species common throughout the project range, plus regional and site-specific species.
Researchers at Harvard and MIT have developed a new approach that allows for both genome editing and gene regulation to be achieved using the same Cas9 protein, opening up possibilities for understanding diseases and designing synthetic gene circuits. The method uses engineered guide RNAs to control gene expression.
The International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC) has issued a new statement on tobacco control and smoking cessation, calling for increased taxes on tobacco products to reduce cigarette smoking. The organization also emphasizes comprehensive advertising and promotion bans and product regulation, including pack warnings.
Researchers have successfully levitated individual nanodiamonds in a vacuum, enabling the creation of extremely sensitive instruments and potentially even larger-scale quantum systems. The system combines optical, spin, and mechanical degrees of freedom, allowing for precise control over the nanodiamond's motion and spin state.