Researchers explore Earth's most extreme lifeforms to predict what life could be like elsewhere in the universe. They suggest water-hydrogen peroxide mixtures for Mars-like environments and liquid hydrocarbons for Titan-like planets, with organisms adapting to frigid temperatures and slow metabolisms.
A system developed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory can identify and characterize solid or liquid samples in seconds, providing a valuable tool for material science, forensics, pharmaceuticals, biology, and chemistry. The device is self-cleaning, requires no sample preparation, and is cost-effective.
A new University of Pittsburgh analysis found that obese women are more likely to experience stillbirths due to placental diseases and hypertension. The study suggests that monitoring these complications and promoting weight loss before pregnancy can reduce the risk of stillbirth.
A team of researchers has found that variations in the morphology of auditory axons, particularly the length of internodes and diameter, impact the speed and precision of signal transmission. This discovery challenges long-held assumptions about axon structure and function.
LSU researchers analyzed the impact of CDBG-DR funds on housing, infrastructure, and economic development recovery since Katrina and Rita. The study found that investments led to increased solvency and population growth in parishes with higher disbursements, while also improving fiscal health and reducing debt-to-asset ratios.
Scientists at Australian National University discovered three previously undiscovered fungi causing the disease, which affects Southern Queensland and South Australia's wheat crops. The finding provides growers with confidence in managing the disease, crucial for a $6 billion industry.
Researchers have developed a 3D tissue scaffold for plants, enabling the observation of individual plant cells in a natural environment. The study reveals complex cell behavior, including cells clinging to and spiraling around their supports like vines.
A study from the University of Houston found that playing an additional year of adaptive sport is associated with a 4% increase in employment likelihood every year for 10 years. This can lead to an estimated $40 million addition to the economy through household income if 2% of the working-age wheelchair population participates.
Research found that persistent genetic mutations in at least 5% of bone marrow cells are associated with increased risk of relapse and reduced overall survival for leukemia patients. The study provides a foundation for genomic methods to risk stratify patients with acute myeloid leukemia.
A new study at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis found that nearly all parents who use e-cigarettes are not aware of the risks to their children, including lethal ingestion and skin exposure. The researchers emphasize the need for pediatricians to ask about nicotine use and discuss safe storage practices.
A study by George Washington University researchers has identified a unique microbiome pattern in the throat of individuals with schizophrenia. The findings suggest that certain oral bacteria may be associated with the disease, offering new possibilities for diagnosis and treatment.
Hurricane Loke is moving north in the Central Pacific, producing rough surf and large swells that will affect reefs and shorelines. The storm is expected to weaken to a tropical storm by Wednesday, August 26, as it moves towards the northwest.
University of Houston researchers identify liver X receptors as a promising target for developing new pancreatic cancer treatments. The study, led by Chin-Yo Lin, shows that targeting these receptors can slow the growth of tumors and is expected to lead to the development of new drugs.
Scientists at Australian National University have developed a world-first radio-tracking drone to locate radio-tagged wildlife. The system has successfully detected tiny radio transmitters and has been tested by tracking bettongs at the Mulligan's Flat woodland sanctuary.
UT Arlington aims to increase underprivileged and minority students pursuing graduate degrees, particularly in healthcare fields. The university will host student researchers from a consortium of 11 institutions, providing mentorship and research opportunities.
Researchers have created a way to detect ortho-para conversion in water, allowing for the study of spin isomers at the single-molecule level. By confining single water molecules in carbon cages, they can observe the transformation without hindrance.
A recent study found that incense smoke contains mutagenic properties, causing genetic mutations and potential cancers. Incense was compared to cigarette smoke in a comparison of indoor use, revealing surprising results.
Researchers found that patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) who retained genetic mutations after chemotherapy were more likely to relapse and die. This approach to genetic profiling could help predict prognosis and determine treatment response, potentially improving outcomes for AML patients.
A study by German Cancer Research Center discovered that citric acid from lemon juice can alter the morphology of norovirus particles, reducing their infectivity. The researchers found that citrate binds to specific proteins on the virus, preventing it from attaching to host cells.
Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death in Europe, with four million deaths annually. Inequalities between European countries are stark, with higher death rates in Eastern Europe, indicating the impact on longevity.
Researchers uncover structural details of how proteins interact to turn two signals into one, enabling fine-tuning of signal and drug action. The study provides crucial insights into nuclear receptor communication, paving the way for improved drug design.
Researchers discovered that genetic variations in opioid receptors are associated with more severe neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) in newborn babies. These variations can help identify infants at risk of requiring medication to curb NAS symptoms, enabling tailored treatment plans and improved outcomes.
A new species of crayfish, Cherax snowden, has been identified in West Papua, Indonesia, and is easily distinguishable from its relatives. The species was named after Edward Snowden due to its orange coloration and shape of body.
A study found that delayed administration of epinephrine was associated with a decreased chance of 24-hour survival and survival to hospital discharge among children with cardiac arrest. The researchers analyzed data from the Get With the Guidelines-Resuscitation registry and included U.S. pediatric patients who received at least one d...
Researchers found malformed fossil plankton with high concentrations of toxic metals, linked to ocean anoxia and potential extinction causes. The study suggests that metal poisoning may have contributed to some world's largest extinction events.
A case-series of eight British healthcare workers who received antiviral-based therapies after possible accidental exposure to Ebola virus in Sierra Leone did not develop the disease. The study suggests that post-exposure prophylaxis may be effective in preventing Ebola infection, and authors call for standardised guidelines to be deve...
Tropical Cyclone Atsani transitioning into an extra-tropical low with potential for heavy rainfall in eastern Russia. The Joint Typhoon Warning Center issued its final bulletin on August 26, predicting landfall south of eastern Russia.
Researchers found that a 1,102-pound steer can safely consume up to 2.8 pounds of fresh tall larkspur daily without severe poisoning. The study also identified the importance of non-MSAL-type alkaloids in determining toxicity potential.
A new study suggests that women's sexual identities are more flexible and adaptive than men's, with women being more likely to report bisexuality. Women who have favorable options in the heterosexual partner market may be less likely to explore relationships with same-sex partners.
The Antarctic Circumpolar Current began its eastern flow through the Southern Ocean 30 million years ago, driven by the Tasmanian gateway's alignment with mid-latitude westerly wind bands. This massive ocean current transports heat and salt around the world, shaping regional climates.
A large NIH clinical trial of 4,000 patients found that omega-3 supplements had no effect on cognitive decline. Researchers tested the combination of omega-3 fatty acids and lutein/zeaxanthin, but saw no benefit in slowing age-related macular degeneration (AMD) or dementia.
Breastfeeding from 0-5 months significantly reduces infant mortality risk, with exclusively breastfed infants having a lower risk of dying compared to those who were not breastfed. Continued breastfeeding up to 23 months also lowers the risk of infant mortality.
A project in Togo saw a 10% drop in TB death rates by increasing the treatment success rate to 95%, while mortality dropped from 13% to 3%. The redesigned system improved coverage, quality, and patient participation, highlighting the importance of data analysis and skilled workforce.
A new NASA study reveals that the presence of vegetation is crucial in mitigating urban heat island effects, which can raise temperatures by 1.9°C in urban areas compared to surrounding rural areas. The study found that replacing impervious surfaces with vegetation can reduce temperature differences by up to 1.3°C.
Researchers identified a new virus, phopivirus, in seals genetically similar to hepatitis A, suggesting it may have originated in animals. The discovery provides clues on the emergence of hepatitis A and highlights the importance of studying wildlife reservoirs of zoonotic viruses.
Researchers successfully joined two separate pieces of embryonic mouse intestine using growth supports, allowing nerve signals to pass through and promoting growth. The breakthrough could lead to treatment for conditions like short bowel syndrome, a condition causing damage to the bowel that prevents nutrient absorption.
A UC sociology study reveals that reality TV and fictional programs have a significant impact on pregnant women's expectations of pregnancy and birth. Women with lower educational attainment tend to view TV as an alternative to traditional childbirth education, while highly educated women frame it as entertainment for young children.
The study identified gene variants within three highly associated regions for Crohn's disease, including NOD2 and interleukin 23 receptor. Additionally, the researchers found novel regions of chromosomes 2 and 3 to be causative for IBD in African-Americans.
New research suggests that targeted punishments could provide a path to international climate change cooperation. By devising rules for small groups of 'defectors' to focus pressure, cooperation can build up gradually, ultimately leading to collective action against climate change.
A new study using digital imaging found that students are putting more fruits and vegetables on their trays but consuming fewer and increasing waste by 56 percent. Researchers suggest supplementing guidelines with strategies such as cutting up veggies with dip or adopting Farm-to-School programs to increase consumption.
Researchers found that a protective mix of root bacteria can prevent sudden wilt disease in wild tobacco plants. The right combination of soil microbiota is crucial for plant survival, and crop rotation plays a vital role in preventing the buildup of soil-borne diseases.
A study in Malawi found that patients with stroke and spinal cord injuries faced significant obstacles upon return home, including physical barriers and social exclusion. The lack of rehabilitation services after discharge has severe consequences for patients' mental health and ability to reintegrate into society.
A Veterans Affairs team found that longer-lasting colonoscopies are associated with lower cancer rates. Doctors with average withdrawal times of under six minutes had patients more than twice as likely to have cancer. Experts recommend focusing quality-improvement efforts on withdrawal times of under six minutes.
A study found that veterans separated from the military for misconduct were more likely to experience homelessness. The analysis of VHA data showed a significant association between misconduct-related separations and increased risk of homelessness, with rates increasing over time.
A team of scientists has discovered how a plant sensor detects pathogens, bringing unprecedented detail to the 'gene-for-gene' hypothesis. The study reveals that the strength of binding between the sensor and pathogen proteins correlates with the plant's response, opening up new strategies for engineering enhanced resistance.
A new study by UT Dallas refutes the notion that NFL players are more criminal than the general population. The research found that the overall arrest rate for the general population was nearly twice as high as the rate for NFL players from 2000 to 2013.
Researchers have successfully created a new class of uncooled photodetectors that can operate at room temperature, overcoming limitations of existing inorganic detectors. These breakthrough devices will enable various industrial and scientific applications such as optical communications and chemical sensing.
Researchers have achieved record-high pressure to study osmium, finding that innermost electrons start interacting with each other due to extreme pressure. This phenomenon opens up new possibilities for discovering brand new states of matter.
The current issue of Technology and Innovation highlights the challenges of ensuring water security due to growing concerns over fresh water availability. Advances in analytical techniques, nanobiotechnologies, and monitoring methods are being explored to develop innovative solutions for water conservation and quality improvement.
A recent study using fecal sampling and genetic analysis found hundreds of eastern chimpanzees inhabit a region of rapidly shrinking forest fragments in Uganda. The population is estimated to be between 250-320 individuals, three times larger than previously suspected.
A new modeling study suggests that a single dose of cholera vaccine could be as effective as the traditional two-dose regimen in preventing deaths. The researchers estimate that a one-dose campaign reaching half the population would have averted over 78,000 cases and prevented 738 deaths.
Researchers identified a similar profile among murderers of intimate partners and family members, including severe mental illness and few previous convictions. Early intervention is crucial to prevent these murders, which are often driven by jealousy or revenge, experts warn.
Two studies found that moderate-intensity physical activity did not improve cognitive function, while oral supplementation with nutrients had no significant effect on cognitive decline. However, participants over 80 or with poor baseline physical performance showed better changes in executive function composite scores.
Researchers found that New Caledonian crows use a combination of social learning and trial-and-error methods to acquire tool shapes. The birds observe another crow's actions, then mimic the end result, rather than copying specific actions, suggesting an alternative explanation for their cumulative technological culture.
Seaweeds appear to protect coral from invasive sea stars by reducing predation and providing a physical barrier. This complex relationship highlights the intricate dynamics of ecosystems and has implications for coral reef conservation.
A study published in INFORMS' Management Science found that buying from friends increases ecommerce purchases by 60%, regardless of the friend's influence status. The researchers also discovered that users with fewer friends experience stronger relative increases in adoption rates.
NASA's GPM and NOAA's GOES satellites provide insights into Tropical Storm Erika's rainfall patterns and cloud structure. The storm is expected to approach the Leeward Islands on Wednesday night, prompting a Tropical Storm Watch for several Caribbean islands.
Typhoon Goni covered the southern half of the Sea of Japan, with its center located near 35.3 North latitude and 131.0 East longitude. The storm was expected to weaken and become extra-tropical as it moved north, making landfall near Vladivostok, Russia on August 26.
Researchers analyze New Yorker cartoons from 1925 to 2006 to show changing portrayals of children and child-rearing, with a shift from mixed attitudes to increasingly intense parental involvement. The study highlights the paradox of modern, privileged parenting, where parents may opt out due to high costs associated with childcare.
Researchers at University of Illinois develop a data-based method to diagnose breast cancer using spatial light interference microscopy, promising fast and accurate results. The technique uses quantitative imaging parameters to analyze breast tissue lesions, overcoming limitations of manual inspection.