Researchers found that dental pulp stem cells can regenerate myelinated axons in laboratory rats with sciatic nerve defects, outperforming autologous nerve grafts. The study suggests that MDPSCs contribute to peripheral nerve regeneration through the secretion of neurotrophic and angiogenic factors.
Gerhard M. Sessler, a renowned expert in acoustics, received the 2015 Gold Medal of the Acoustical Society of America for his groundbreaking work on electret and silicon-based microphones. His inventions have led to the development of highly sensitive and cost-effective microphones that dominate global production.
Researchers at UNC School of Medicine have discovered two biomarkers - oxidized LDL cholesterol and fructosamine - that are strongly correlated with the development of severe coronary disease in females. Elevated levels of these biomarkers were found to be a strong predictor of severe heart disease, particularly in women.
Researchers discovered a new category of tRNA fragments that depend on individual characteristics, including race, gender, and population. The analysis also found that tRNA fragments have regulatory roles in cellular processes and differ between tissues, disease subtypes, and individuals.
A review of 34 countries' policies on children's exposure to radio frequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) from technology found varying degrees of advice. Dr. Mary Redmayne recommends minimizing exposure by turning off devices at night, using flight mode, and storing them 20cm away from the body.
A study of nearly 18,000 women in the UK, Ireland, Australia, and New Zealand found that 20-80% drank during pregnancy, with higher rates among smokers. The prevalence of binge drinking was also common, particularly before pregnancy. Factors associated with lower risk included age, ethnicity, education level, and body weight.
Tropical Storm Linfa weakened due to wind shear after moving over land, with a elongated shape and deep convection in the southwest quadrant. The storm is forecast to strengthen before dissipating in the Taiwan Strait on July 10.
Researchers found that very small brain lesions noted on imaging are associated with a heightened risk of stroke and death. The discovery may help physicians identify people at risk for stroke before they have symptoms, even in middle age.
Researchers found large-amplitude slow-delta waves in patients receiving nitrous oxide, twice as powerful as those seen in deep sleep. The discovery could lead to better anesthetic dosing decisions and alleviate concerns about awareness under anesthesia.
A new study proposes a novel nanotechnology-based strategy to enhance water diffusion through sanitation filters using phonon oscillations, resulting in three times the efficiency of water transport. Crowdsourced computing played a crucial role in this project, with over 150,000 volunteers contributing their computing power.
Changes in key biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease during midlife may help identify those who will develop dementia years later. The study found that drops in amyloid beta 42 levels among cognitively normal participants are linked to the appearance of plaques in brain scans years later.
A study published in Annals of Internal Medicine found that even very small brain lesions (less than 3 mm) detected by MRI triples the risk for stroke and death in asymptomatic patients. Having both small and larger lesions increases the risk to eight-fold, highlighting the importance of considering all lesion sizes in clinical practice.
Results from the EORTC trial 62072 show pazopanib improves progression-free survival in soft tissue sarcoma patients without affecting their health-related quality of life. The study provides valuable data on treatment outcomes and cost effectiveness for this patient population.
Research shows older patients with spinal cord injuries have more severe lag times between injury and surgery, with a significant delay in treating those over 70 years old compared to younger patients. This can lead to less severe injuries and better outcomes for these patients.
Researchers have discovered a stress pathway in immune cells that play a role in certain forms of asthma. The IRE1α/XBP1 pathway helps eosinophils, a type of immune cell implicated in asthma, develop and survive. This finding suggests a potential new therapeutic target for treating asthma.
A new study published in PNAS found that anxious parents are more likely to have anxious offspring, and that an over-active brain circuit may set the stage for developing anxiety and depressive disorders. The research identified three brain regions responsible for passing anxiety from generation to generation.
A survey of physicians and advanced practice clinicians found that many report working while sick due to fear of letting colleagues down and staffing concerns. The study highlights the complex social and logistic factors driving this behavior and emphasizes the need for systems support to prioritize patient safety.
Researchers discovered that Schwann cells digest damaged myelin internally through autophagy, clearing 40-50% of the myelin within 5-7 days. This mechanism enables significant nerve repair in the peripheral nervous system, contrasting with the CNS where oligodendrocytes fail to clear myelin.
A UCLA review of common practices in prostate cancer has found that monitoring men with very low- and low-risk prostate cancers using watchful waiting or active surveillance is an effective approach for many patients. This approach could spare them the debilitating side effects of aggressive treatments, which are often used unnecessari...
A retrospective study found that women with epilepsy have an increased risk of maternal death and adverse outcomes during delivery. The authors identified 80 deaths per 100,000 pregnancies among women with epilepsy, compared to 6 deaths per 100,000 pregnancies without epilepsy.
A natural-color satellite image taken on July 05, 2015, shows the impact of Canadian wildfires on the 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup Finals in Vancouver. The smoke from three wildfires in the Boulder Creek Wildfire complex grew rapidly, blanketing the stadium and surrounding areas.
Johns Hopkins scientists discovered that blocking calcium from entering mitochondria in heart cells didn't prevent cell death after heart attacks, but rather activated alternative pathways. The study's findings challenge the long-standing theory of using calcium channel blockage to prevent heart attack damage.
CAM research provides a roadmap for increasing agricultural production by developing water-efficient crops and improving existing non-CAM crops. The emerging discipline has tremendous potential for applications, attracting growing interest from academia and industry.
Research in Japan reveals worsening cardiovascular risk factors, including hypertension and high cholesterol, despite global declines in the US. Improved data collection and clinical trials are crucial to developing new treatments and improving patient outcomes worldwide.
Researchers developed a non-invasive technique using Raman spectroscopy to detect various forms of skin cancer. Malignant melanoma can be detected with an accuracy of 91%, while non-melanoma skin cancers are accurately identified between 73% and 85%.
Scientists discover that Methotrexate, commonly used for arthritis, can also treat myeloproliferative neoplasms with fewer side effects and lower costs. This repurposed treatment could revolutionize the care of patients worldwide.
A new DNA sequencing method allows for efficient tracking of wild bee populations, enabling conservationists to detect decline trends and test remedies. The 'bee soup' technique can quickly identify species diversity and abundance in a single sample, saving time and money compared to traditional methods.
Researchers sequenced the genomes of two extinct woolly mammoths and three modern Asian elephants, identifying genetic variants associated with traits such as hair development, fat storage, and temperature sensation. The study found that these changes likely enabled the mammoths to adapt to harsh Arctic environments.
Astronomers detected high-energy x-rays from five previously clouded supermassive black holes, supporting the theory of millions more existing but hidden from view. The research uses NuSTAR to study nine candidate black holes, confirming five were obscured by dust and gas.
A major independent evaluation is being carried out by a national panel of researchers to assess the UK's medical revalidation process. Almost 160,000 licensed doctors will participate in the survey, which aims to identify areas for improvement and inform the General Medical Council's efforts to enhance patient care.
A team led by Professor Jozef Gecz has identified a gene mutation responsible for female-only epilepsy and found a treatment using synthetic allopregnanolone, promising to delay seizure onset and reduce autism and intellectual disability effects.
Patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) and quadruple wild-type genes showed significant benefit from continuing anti-EGFR therapy beyond progression. Second-line cetuximab plus FOLFOX chemotherapy improved progression-free survival, response rate, and overall survival in patients without genetic mutations.
Researchers found that mice exposed to cat urine early in life can't avoid it later due to positive reinforcement and hormone changes. The molecule L-Felinine is responsible for this effect, blocking pregnancy and reducing litter size.
Scientists from TU Wien and Free University of Berlin developed a quantum tomography method to measure and describe large quantum systems precisely with few measurements. This technique uses continuous matrix product states, which represent a vanishingly small fraction of all possible states but are physically important.
Researchers explore nanocarriers and microbubbles for efficient thrombus treatment, addressing limitations of existing drugs. The review highlights potential solutions for improving outcomes in ischemic heart disease and stroke, where millions die annually.
A new study from Washington State University suggests that REM sleep plays a crucial role in converting waking experiences into lasting memories and abilities in young brains. The study found that brain circuits change in the visual cortex during exploration, but REM sleep is required to make those changes "stick".
Researchers have visualized the oldest known Old World monkey skull, revealing a tiny but remarkably wrinkled brain. The ancient creature's brain supports the idea that brain complexity can evolve before brain size in primates, contradicting conventional wisdom.
A two-hour emotional awareness course has been shown to significantly reduce the severity of crimes committed by juvenile offenders. The study found a 44% drop in crime severity six months after completion, suggesting that improving emotion recognition capabilities can lead to reduced aggression and instances of severe crime.
Researchers at Lomonosov Moscow State University discovered a new DNA repair mechanism that can detect and fix single-stranded breaks in histone-bound DNA. This breakthrough opens up new avenues for treating neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's.
New research from Cornell University suggests that farmers should wait 24 hours after a rain or irrigation to harvest crops, as this reduces the risk of exposure to the pathogen Listeria monocytogenes. By doing so, farmers can minimize the presence of Listeria on fresh produce and ensure consumer safety.
A team of researchers from the University of Southampton has been awarded a British Council Newton Fund grant to support groundbreaking research on infectious diseases in Malaysia. The project aims to develop vaccines and improve public health capacity, with potential benefits for the country's Ministry of Health.
A phase IIIb study has confirmed regorafenib's benefit in patients with previously treated metastatic colorectal cancer. The safety profile and progression-free survival were similar to phase III trial results, with a median duration of 2.5 months.
A new study found that a test can predict which rheumatoid arthritis patients will fail to respond to biologic drugs. Detecting low drug levels and anti-drug antibodies in the bloodstream can help adjust treatments.
A study at Umea University has successfully captured a protein structure previously impossible to study, providing insights into enzymes' catalytic capabilities. The discovery enables the development of designed enzymes for new chemical reactions in biotechnology.
Scientists have successfully imaged ultrafast unidirectionally rotating molecules at 100 billion per second, revealing a quantum wave-like nature. The high-resolution imaging reveals rotational wave packets with distinct angular velocities, showcasing the transition from quantum to classical behavior.
The Mainau Declaration 2015 on Climate Change states that nations must limit future global emissions and approve a new international agreement. The declaration warns of the consequences of unchecked climate change, which will overwhelm the Earth's ability to satisfy humanity's needs, leading to wholesale human tragedy.
The ADAMAAS project aims to create a mobile assistance system that identifies problems and provides situation-dependent assistance through intelligent glasses. The technology combines eye tracking, memory research, object recognition, and augmented reality to support users in daily activities.
Researchers have successfully applied topological insulator principles to mechanical systems, creating edge states that exhibit robust, 'topologically protected' properties. These properties make them suitable for applications in sound and vibration insulation, as well as focusing sound like a lens.
Researchers studied seahorse's unusual skeletal structure and found its square-tail design provides flexibility and strength, allowing for energy-efficient grasping mechanisms and crushing resistance. This discovery may inspire robotics applications in laparoscopic surgery, industrial systems, or search & rescue robots.
Researchers at HKUST found a way to stimulate axon growth without external stimulants. The deletion of the PTEN gene enhances compensatory sprouting and promotes regeneration of CST axons. This breakthrough study offers new possibilities for treating chronic SCI, including delayed treatment up to 1 year after injury.
A study by Arizona State University researchers found that mass killings and school shootings in the US are contagious, with a contagion period of approximately 13 days. The analysis revealed that roughly 20-30% of such tragedies are inspired by previous events, highlighting the complex dynamics underlying these incidents.
A study by the University of Exeter found a 35% decline in bird species in agricultural habitats compared to natural areas. The researchers recommend incorporating patches of natural vegetation into agricultural landscapes to maintain biodiversity.
A new analysis found that over 34 million children's lives have been saved since 2000 due to investments in child health programs at a cost of as little as $4,205 per child. The report, published in The Lancet, also highlights the impact of funding from donor agencies such as the US government and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
Tropical Storm Chan-Hom is expected to become a typhoon in the next day and pass closely to Guam on July 4. Tropical Cyclone Raquel appears less organized and is forecasted to dissipate in the next couple of days.
The seahorse tail's square shape provides better resistance to twisting and grasping control due to increased contact area. Its resilience is attributed to gliding joints, making it a valuable inspiration for designing search-and-rescue robots and other technologies.
A team led by Associate Professor Shee-Mei Lok at Duke-NUS Medical School discovered an antibody that neutralizes dengue virus serotype 2 (DENV-2), making it harder to kill. The finding could help develop dengue therapeutics and is a significant step towards addressing the global dengue pandemic.
A new study led by Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center shows that a novel HIV-1 vaccine regimen provides complete protection against simian immunodeficiency virus in half of vaccinated non-human primates. The vaccine regimen involves a viral vector boosted with a purified envelope protein, demonstrating improved protection over previo...
A new study by the American Cancer Society found that cancer survivors who currently smoke report fewer negative opinions about smoking and have more barriers to quitting. They are also more likely to be exposed to other smokers, which may contribute to continued smoking.
A team from Harvard Medical School has revealed the atomic level structure of VSV polymerase protein L, a key component in RNA virus replication. This finding provides insights into how these viruses copy their genomes inside host cells.
Researchers discovered a human antibody specific to dengue virus serotype 2 that protects mice from the virus, regardless of administration timing. The antibody may act as both a preventative and therapeutic agent by locking viral envelope proteins on the surface, preventing them from entering host cells.