Research by Adam C. Levine found that arm circumference is a more accurate predictor of under-nutrition in children with diarrhea than traditional weight-based measures. This method is particularly useful in resource-limited settings where dehydration does not significantly affect the child's weight, but can impact their overall health.
The dominant approach to hip fracture prevention is neither viable nor cost-effective, according to experts. The focus on drug treatment overlooks feasible alternative strategies like physical activity, which can have little to do with osteoporosis but are often overlooked.
Researchers analyzed nine air quality regulations and estimated potential lives saved ranging from none to over 80,000 per year due to uncertainty on fine particle health effects. The analysis found better information is needed on the economic effects of air regulations to accurately assess their impact.
Researchers at NYU have found that microRNA can serve as a decoder ring to understand complex biological processes, highlighting the potential for miRNA to shed light on diseases such as coronary artery disease and cleft palates. By analyzing miR-200, the team identified a trio of glycans critical to cell movement and tumor metastasis.
A new study suggests that obese male mice produce higher levels of white blood cells that encourage inflammation, contributing to insulin resistance and Type 2 diabetes. In contrast, female mice exhibit a mild inflammatory response to obesity, indicating differences in immune system responses between sexes.
A new study uses 3D printed eggs to test how birds identify and reject parasitic eggs with greater precision. Researchers found that robins accepted 100% of blue-green eggs but rejected 79% of cowbird-like eggs, similar to past studies but with less variability and precise reproduction.
Researchers at University of Toronto designed a diagnostic chip to test for antibiotic-resistant bacteria in just one hour. The chip uses electrochemical detection to analyze the effects of antibiotics on bacteria, allowing doctors to quickly prescribe targeted treatments.
Researchers at OIST Graduate University mapped the points along the genome where a scaffolding protein called condensin binds. Condensin is essential for reassembling copied genomic fragments into chromosomes and maintaining genetic integrity.
A team of researchers has developed a semiconductor chip made almost entirely of wood, using cellulose nanofibril as a biodegradable material. The new device demonstrates the feasibility of replacing traditional chip substrates with a more environmentally friendly alternative, reducing waste and toxicity.
The University of Texas System launched Influuent, a web portal that connects researchers to private sector and government agencies. The database contains over 15,000 researchers who have produced nearly 110,000 publications in the last five years.
Research in elderly people found that moderate drinking may lead to subtle changes in the heart's structure and function. Women appear more susceptible to cardiotoxic effects of alcohol than men.
Researchers have identified Niemann-Pick C1 (NPC1) as a critical protein for the Ebola virus to infect a host, providing a new target for drug development. Blocking NPC1 could lead to effective treatments for this deadly disease.
A recent study by the University of Missouri found that companies which accept blame for poor performance experience a significant recovery in their share prices. In contrast, those that blame external factors continue to face falling share prices, highlighting the importance of corporate honesty in maintaining investor confidence.
The US Commerce Department's NIST has published a roadmap for the next 20 years of research needed to establish seamless public safety communications networks. Location-based services are expected to improve situational awareness for first responders, enabling more efficient allocation of personnel and equipment.
Researchers at Berkeley Lab developed a technique called PSB-KAC, which provides full control of single X-ray pulses without affecting beams for other users. This allows for timed experiments with optimized signal-to-noise ratios and reduced radiation damage.
Researchers found that HER2-positive breast cancer cells become addicted to the ERAD pathway, allowing them to survive chemotherapy. Inhibiting this pathway and promoting JNK activation selectively kills these cancer cells. The study proposes a new strategy for cancer treatment by maximizing cell stress.
Researchers at the University of Montreal found that targeted interventions can prevent, reduce, or delay cannabis use amongst high-risk youth. The study showed a significant reduction in cannabis use rates among sensation-seekers, with a 75% decrease six months post-intervention.
UBC researchers found that non-verbal social cues, such as photographs of Chinese Canadians, can affect speech comprehension. Participants rated Chinese Canadian speakers with less foreign accent when aware of their ethnicity due to the photo prompt.
Iowa State University will establish a Forensic Science Center of Excellence, focusing on pattern and digital evidence. The center aims to build a statistically sound foundation for forensic sciences, addressing serious problems with the country's forensic science system.
A study in PLOS Medicine predicts that vaccinating Thai children with seasonal flu vaccine will reduce approximately 3,000 deaths annually. The policy is considered cost-effective according to WHO criteria.
Central Wisconsin pine barrens are vanishing as forest canopy covers more than 90% of the sites, with species diversity remaining relatively unchanged but plant composition drastically altered.
A recent study has found that women using newer types of combined oral contraceptives containing drospirenone, desogestrel, gestodene, and cyproterone have a significantly increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) compared to those using older progestogens like levonorgestrel and norethisterone.
Researchers discovered that Hepatitis C virus variants work together, sacrificing some to protect others from the immune system. This complex interaction, known as antigenic cooperation, could alter vaccine and treatment strategies.
Exposure to aflatoxin, a liver carcinogen, is associated with an increased risk of gallbladder cancer in a small Chilean study. The study found higher levels of aflatoxin-albumin adducts in patients with gallbladder cancer compared to controls.
Researchers at Disney Research Pittsburgh have developed a 2-legged robot that can mimic an animated character's walking motion, using a combination of 3D-printed links and servo motors. The robot is designed to duplicate the character's gait as closely as possible, while also being stable and physically realizable.
A £4 million project is increasing production in Scotland's salmon farming industry by utilizing wrasse as a cleaner fish to reduce sea lice challenges. The research aims to improve the quality and delousing efficacy of farmed wrasse, advancing hatchery technologies and optimising welfare.
A study published in JAMA Network examines the association between genetic variants and cognitive impairment, revealing that intermediate-size copy number variations may negatively affect educational attainment. The research suggests a potential link between these genetic variants and intellectual disability.
Steven P. Armes receives the prestigious award for his groundbreaking research in colloid and polymer chemistry, which fosters international and scientific exchange in the field. The lecture will be presented at IACIS conference in Mainz on May 28th.
Research sheds light on the kinematic evolution of the Himalayan orogen, uncovering cryptic thrust-sense discontinuities that help understand processes in continent-continent convergent margins. The Klamath Mountains' unroofing process is also explored, revealing a new mechanism to produce plate margin orogens.
Higher adherence to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans was associated with a 14-23% lower mortality rate from cardiovascular disease, cancer, and other diseases in a low-income population in the southeastern US. Participants with the healthiest diet had only about 80% of the risk of death compared to those with the least healthy diet.
Researchers discovered that synapses facilitate the spread of Tau aggregates in Alzheimer's patients, which could counteract synaptic repair efforts. This new understanding has significant implications for developing therapeutic strategies against Alzheimer's disease.
Residents and commercial users slashed their water use to 41 gallons per person per day by 2010, thanks to a culture shift among ordinary water users. An integrated water management system was key to Melbourne's success in reducing demand during the drought.
Researchers found that echo chambers in U.S. climate policy networks contribute to the persistence of climate change denial despite scientific consensus. The study suggests that individuals who rely on limited sources of information from like-minded viewpoints may be misled about the dominant perspective.
A randomized trial of nearly 400 children and adults with poorly controlled asthma found that supplementation with soy isoflavone did not improve lung function or clinical outcomes. The study suggests that this supplement should not be used for patients with poorly controlled asthma.
A recent study reveals the emergence of a highly resistant strain of typhoid in Africa, with data showing its rapid spread across the continent. The H58-strain has been found to acquire resistance to commonly available antibiotics, making it easier for the bacteria to retain these genes.
Neurosurgeon authors establish a surgical skills laboratory and dissection curriculum for resident education, improving surgical skills and understanding of anatomical relationships. The program has been implemented at the Cleveland Clinic, providing a comprehensive training environment and enhancing future standards in surgical training.
Scientists have created a hybrid state of being both 'alive' and 'dead' by combining Schrödinger's cat with squeezed quantum states, enabling more stable quantum computing and precise measurement capabilities.
Researchers from NYU Langone present 30 abstracts on various cancer types, including immunotherapy studies for melanoma and pediatric leukemia. Key findings highlight the potential for personalized medicine and improved outcomes in cancer patients.
The EU biofuels regime is failing to achieve its climate and environmental objectives due to a flawed regulatory framework. The study suggests that binding targets and effective governance mechanisms are needed to improve the system. This requires coherent and comprehensive regulation, as well as public-private cooperation.
A new study highlights the benefits of strength-based parenting in reducing stress and increasing resilience in children. By cultivating positive states and processes, parents can help their kids develop essential life skills such as coping with change.
Researchers at EPFL have developed a chip placed under the skin that can detect multiple molecules, including glucose, lactate, cholesterol, and drugs, using induction-powered biosensors. The device has been successfully tested on mice with promising results, paving the way for clinical trials in humans within three to five years.
A genetically engineered herpes virus has been shown to halt the progression of skin cancer by killing cancer cells and sparking an immune system response against tumours. The trial involved 436 patients and showed a durable treatment response in 16.3% of patients, with responses extending past three years.
Researchers at Children's Hospital Los Angeles identified a new source of cells that can develop into coronary vessels and found the signaling protein CXCL12 guiding this process. The study may have clinical relevance, helping diagnose abnormal coronary vessels and developing interventional strategies to prevent heart attacks.
The University of Bristol has developed intelligent handheld robots with increasing levels of autonomy, enabling cooperation between users and tools. Users tend to prefer fully autonomous tools, which show a significant impact on completion time and reduced perceived workload.
Scientists at the University of Virginia School of Medicine have discovered a blueprint for battling human disease using DNA clad in near-indestructible armor, offering a promising template for delivering gene therapy.
Dr. Qizhen Shi's team aims to investigate a novel gene therapy approach that induces immune tolerance for hemophilia A, overcoming the challenge of inhibitory antibodies. The project seeks to develop a clinically translatable gene therapy protocol that provides therapeutic FVIII protein.
Researchers have discovered a novel biomarker that tracks Parkinson's progression in the brain, providing a new tool for diagnosis and treatment. The study uses MRI-based diffusion imaging to measure changes in brain tissue fluid levels, which can inform treatment decisions and identify promising new therapies.
A Phase I/II trial has shown promising results for a new stem-cell based therapy in children with recessed dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (RDEB), a painful skin condition. The treatment involves infusions of mesenchymal stromal cells, which improved pain scores and reduced the severity of the disease.
Researchers have developed a new quantum error correction code that can correct errors afflicting a specified fraction of qubits, not just the square root of their number. This protocol requires little measure of quantum states and can correct virtually all errors in quantum memory.
A study found that hospice use was linked to fewer depressive symptoms in surviving spouses, with benefits lasting a year after death. The research team analyzed data from over 1,000 deceased patients and their surviving spouses, suggesting high-quality care can have a positive impact on caregivers as well.
Researchers at UCSB have developed a novel device that enables real-time observation of the forces involved in cell membrane hemifusion. By combining the Surface Forces Apparatus and fluorescence microscopy, they were able to visualize the rearrangement of lipid domains during this process.
The 2015 EMBO Gold Medal was awarded to Sarah Teichmann and Ido Amit for their groundbreaking research on gene expression, protein complexes, and immune systems. Their work has significantly advanced our understanding of cellular regulation and disease mechanisms.
A recent study found that nearly a quarter of ER clinical encounters could pose difficulties due to the new ICD-10 coding system. The researchers identified convoluted mappings in 27% of commonly used emergency room ICD-9 codes, which may lead to incorrect reporting or reimbursement.
Researchers at the University of Helsinki emphasize the importance of international collaborations in protecting biodiversity. They stress that current protected area networks are biased towards higher lands and unproductive landscapes, missing many priority areas for conservation.
Biologists from the University of Leicester have discovered that buff-tailed bumblebees develop into queens or workers based on gene expression. The study found that differentiation is not caused by inherited genetic differences, but rather by distinct expression patterns in adults.
A large European cohort study found that higher fibre intake was associated with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes. Cereal fibre had the strongest inverse association, suggesting it may help maintain a healthy weight and reduce the risk of developing diabetes.
A large prospective study found that individuals with higher HDL function have a lower risk of developing coronary heart disease. Researchers from the University of Pennsylvania analyzed data from over 25,000 participants and discovered a strong correlation between HDL function and reduced heart disease events.
Scientists at ANU performed John Wheeler's delayed-choice thought experiment, proving that measurement is everything in quantum physics. The experiment found that reality only exists when observed, confirming the validity of quantum theory and its predictions about interference.
Scientists discovered the molecular lock of Ebola virus's cellular entry, which could lead to the development of antiviral drugs blocking its interaction with Niemann-Pick C1. The study found mice lacking NPC1 gene were completely resistant to infection, suggesting a potential treatment for Ebola.
A new study confirms the Montreal Protocol has effectively protected the ozone layer from severe depletion, with atmospheric concentrations of harmful substances declining since their peak in 1993. The researchers used a state-of-the-art model to investigate the impact of the treaty and found that without it, the Arctic ozone hole woul...