A US study found that spirometry was underutilized for asthma diagnosis and management in adults from 2001 to 2011, despite national guidelines recommending its use. The test provides accurate measurements of air volumes and flows, playing a vital role in asthma diagnosis and management.
A study by Case Western Reserve University found that a caregiver's education level significantly influences their children's oral health habits. The researchers aim to encourage parents to adopt better dental care behaviors.
Researchers found that women in online games received less help from fellow players when operating unattractive avatars or male avatars. The study supports the idea that gender and appearance stereotypes follow us into virtual environments.
A new approach to fighting HIV has been discovered by researchers at the University of Montreal, who identified a way to use a tiny molecule to 'open up' the virus and expose its vulnerable parts. This breakthrough could lead to the design of a vaccine to prevent transmission and potentially one day eradicate the virus.
Research found that patients with type 2 diabetes who are overweight but not obese live longer than those who are underweight or normal-weight. The 'obesity paradox' suggests that excess weight may be beneficial for survival in these patients, contrary to previous expectations. Meanwhile, daily low-molecular-weight heparin injections w...
A recent study analyzed data from three large injury surveillance systems to examine the incidence of concussions in youth, high school, and college football athletes. The findings indicate that most concussions occurred during practice, with a lower concussion rate in college football compared to high school.
Researchers at Kobe University have discovered that membrane tension stress plays a key role in regulating cell motility. This finding has significant implications for treating infections and malignant tumors, as it may help identify new approaches to cancer treatment.
Researchers at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute identified three types of resistance to a new lung cancer drug, highlighting the need for combination therapies and novel strategies to overcome resistance mechanisms.
Researchers found that oxidation in cardiac cells disrupts PKG's ability to shield the heart from stress. Oxidation-resistant forms of PKG, however, allow for better protection against disease.
Scientists studying the Northern clingfish are exploring its unique ability to generate massive suction power in wet environments. This could lead to the development of bio-inspired medical devices, such as laparoscopic surgery tools, and non-invasive whale tagging systems.
The Disney Research algorithm corrects for parallax and image warping, eliminating ghosting and other distortions in video panoramas. It generates high-quality panoramic videos with resolutions up to 100 megapixels using unstructured camera arrays.
A new psychological technique called Motivational Interviewing has been shown to help smokers change their behavior and see tobacco as unpleasant. This technique, which takes just 20 minutes, increases self-efficiency and reduces resistance, allowing smokers to overcome motivation barriers.
Researchers at NYU Langone Medical Center identified a crucial role for calcium signaling in controlling inflammation during chronic lung infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Calcium channels play a key role in shutting down the immune response and preventing injurious inflammation.
A University of Oregon study found that Spanish-speaking residents responded at a 32-percent higher rate than English-speaking residents when receiving letters written in their primary language. The study suggests that communicating with supporters in a culturally competent way can lead to increased response rates and potentially more ...
Researchers found that Staghorn coral species can increase feeding rates to buffer the effects of climate change and ocean acidification. This breakthrough has implications for reef conservation and resilience strategies.
A meta-analysis found intragastric injection of botulinum toxin A effective for treating obesity, with significant weight loss in treated patients compared to placebo. Additionally, a study concluded that flexible endoscopes can be stored for up to 21 days after reprocessing without microbial colonization
The study found that exposure to traffic-related air pollution during infancy increased the risk of developing allergies to food, mould, pets, and pests. Children who attended daycare or had older siblings in the household were less likely to develop allergic sensitization.
Scholars at Columbia University's Mailman School of Public Health explore the implications of fear-based campaigns in public health, highlighting successes and failures. While fear-based campaigns have been effective in reducing smoking rates, they may be counterproductive for HIV prevention, stigmatizing affected populations.
A new study by Brigham and Women's Hospital found that emergency physicians prescribe opioids with caution, aligning with short-term use goals and limiting prescriptions to 3-5 days. The majority of opioid prescriptions had a low pill count and were immediate-release formulations.
Researchers create genomic interactions catalogue to study promoter interactions, identifying genes involved in inflammatory bowel disorders. The catalogue captures over 1 million interactions, revealing new elements for turning genes on or off.
Tropical Storm Noul has strengthened and become more organized, with sustained winds reaching up to 65 knots (74.8 mph) north of its low-level center. The storm is now moving west-southwest at a slow pace and is expected to reach typhoon strength near Yap on May 6.
Research led by Kansas State University's Brad Behnke suggests that moderate exercise can enhance tumor oxygenation, potentially improving the effectiveness of cancer treatments. Moderate-intensity exercise has been shown to increase oxygen delivery to tumors, making them more susceptible to radiation therapy.
A team of researchers at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine has uncovered a previously unknown pathway that fine-tunes neural signaling by modulating glutamate NMDA-type receptors. This discovery could lead to new research avenues in understanding neurodegenerative diseases.
Researchers found that black men under 65 diagnosed with early-stage breast cancer had a 76% higher risk of death than white men, despite similar treatment. The study suggests that poverty may play an important role in racial disparities in breast cancer mortality.
A study recreated from a 1938 survey found that people's perception of what brings happiness has changed over time. Security, knowledge, and religion were once considered key factors, but today good humour and leisure are ranked first and second respectively.
Exposure to metal oxide nanoparticles can change microbial metabolism and gut environment, impacting overall health. Researchers found specific changes in microbial community and gut microenvironment after nanoparticle exposure.
Researchers at UCSF-Brown have discovered an enzyme that breaks down bat tissue, exacerbating the spread of white-nose syndrome. They identified Destructin-1, a collagen-digesting enzyme, and found potential inhibitors, paving the way for new treatments.
A new method for making RNAs has been developed by researchers at the University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, allowing for increased chemical diversity and efficiency. This breakthrough could accelerate the development of diagnostics and therapeutics using RNAs.
New research found that mycorrhizal fungus triggers additional root growth in rice crops, allowing them to absorb more nutrients. The fungus also enmeshes itself within plant cells, providing a direct mineral boost.
Researchers at the University of British Columbia discovered stretchy nerves in rorqual whales that can double in length like a bungee cord. This unique structure allows the whales to create a large pocket between their body wall and blubber to capture prey during feeding dives.
A study found that nearly 80% of uninsured callers could schedule primary care visits, but the average cost was $160, which is unaffordable for many. Only 18% were told they could pay later, with a median payment plan of 61%. Expanding Medicaid would enable more people to afford basic healthcare.
Two Yale researchers received the Bernard Sanberg Memorial Award for Brain Repair, Dr. John Elsworth for his work on cell-based therapies and Dr. Cesar Borlongan for his groundbreaking stem cell therapy research. Their awards recognize significant contributions to neural therapy and brain repair.
A new hydrogeochemical modelling approach reveals the specific methane generation process in Europe for the first time. The formation of biogenic shale gas in Sweden's crust is relatively young, dating back to deglaciation around 12,000 years ago.
Researchers at the University of Rochester have created optically active quantum dots in a 2D semiconductor, which could enable nanophotonics applications and integrated photonics. The defects on the atomically thin semiconductor emit single photons with correlated color and spin.
A California study found that school food policies improved childhood obesity prevalence, particularly in affluent neighborhoods. The prevalence of overweight-obesity stabilized among disadvantaged students after policy implementation.
Scientists have discovered a protease enzyme secreted by the fungus Pseudogymnoascus destructans that damages collagen in bats. A protease inhibitor showed a 77% reduction in collagen damage after 54 hours, offering hope for treating White Nose syndrome.
A new study found that patients with AIDS have a four-fold increase in the risk of developing intermediate-stage age-related macular degeneration, compared to those without HIV. The study suggests that chronic immune activation and systemic inflammation may contribute to this increased risk.
Aromatase, an enzyme converting testosterone to estrogen, plays a significant role in the healthy and injured brain. In healthy brains, it helps neurons produce estrogen, maintaining cognitive function. After injury, aromatase expression shifts to astrocytes, aiding their support of stressed neurons and promoting recovery.
Researchers argue that the Chicxulub impact likely triggered most of the immense Deccan Traps flood basalt eruptions in India, changing the narrative on the end-Cretaceous mass extinction. The study suggests a cause-and-effect relationship between the two events, citing geological evidence and historical data.
Researchers identified mutations in PARN and RTEL1 genes, which cause excessive telomere shortening and lung scarring disease. The findings strengthen the link between lung fibrosis and telomere dysfunction.
A new study from the University of Michigan and Texas A¼M reveals that pollen can break down into tiny particles that act as cloud condensation nuclei, forming clouds. This discovery has significant implications for climate science and public health.
Researchers at Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry have analyzed the protein composition of the DNA replication machinery in response to damaged DNA. They found that over 90 proteins are recruited to aid in repair, including many known factors as well as new proteins with unknown functions.
Researchers found two specific ocean hot spots responsible for the record-breaking heat of 1934/36, a decade marked by devastating dust storms. This study may help predict extreme summers over the central US with months-long forecasts.
A three-year analysis by Mount Sinai researchers found that early palliative care interventions can improve geriatric emergency care, decreasing hospital lengths-of-stay and costs. The approach is shown to have reduced ICU admissions for patients aged 65 and older by 1.4%.
Researchers found that a Rab protein boosts PIP2 production, enabling HIV-1 assembly. Immune cells lacking this protein show impaired viral replication.
Researchers have found evidence of a potential sixth DNA base, methyl-adenine (mA), in complex organisms including humans, algae and worms. This discovery could have significant implications for our understanding of epigenetics and gene regulation.
Sudden cardiac death accounts for 42% of deaths in on-duty firefighters over the past 5 years, exceeding traditional risks like burns and trauma. Researchers examine heat stress impact on firefighter hearts and blood vessels.
Researchers at Texas A&M University demonstrate a bright, speckle-free strobe light source using random Raman lasing emission, enabling rapid imaging of microscopic forms of life. The new laser-like light source has a low level of spatial coherence and can produce high-speed images with improved quality.
Research from the University of Adelaide analyzed sporting records from 1886 to 2012 and found that doping era times, distances, and results did not improve as expected. The study suggests that doping may be more widespread than thought and has a detrimental effect on performance in some areas.
Patients with rheumatoid arthritis who experience weight loss are at higher risk of early death. The study's findings suggest a potential link between unintentional weight loss and mortality in this patient population.
A recent study published in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology found that electronic health records (EHRs) did not demonstrate better quality of care or clinical outcomes for ischemic stroke patients. Despite their potential benefits, EHRs were associated with only a slightly lower risk of prolonged hospital stays.
A new study published in Marketing Science finds that firms creating their own brand-specific online communities experience significant revenue growth, with social engagement being a key driver. The study reveals that enabling customer social interactions can generate substantial direct revenue benefits to the firm.
A 4-year study identified desire and arousal as primary factors in women's sexual health, with moderate stability over time. The research found that postmenopausal women can experience improvements in sexual satisfaction and functionality, even with biological impairments.
A study by MIT researcher Adam Berinsky found that correcting political rumors can sometimes increase their strength. Attempts to debunk myths often rely on partisan sources, which can lead to increased belief in the myth. The study suggests that finding neutral sources of information is crucial for combating political misinformation.
A new study suggests pharmacies can reduce asthma-related illnesses by dispensing more asthma controller medications. Pharmacies located in high utilization census tracts dispense more rescue medications than controller medications.
Researchers suggest four strategies to prevent marijuana use among minors: increasing prices through tax policy, regulating retail availability, preventing accidental ingestion by children, and restricting marketing. These measures can help minimize youth access to marijuana.
Computer scientists developed a new method combining computer vision algorithms and brain-computer interface to detect mines in sonar images, outperforming existing methods. The system uses classifiers to capture changes in pixel intensity and improves accuracy by detecting 99.5% of true positives and reducing false positives.
A closer look at the DNA surrounding the Huntington's disease (HD) gene reveals critical regions controlling its expression. Changes in these regions can delay or accelerate the disease, with some individuals receiving protection from the mutant gene.
Researchers estimate that fjords bury about 18 million tonnes of organic carbon annually, equivalent to 11% of global marine carbon burial. Fjords are 'hotspots' for carbon burial due to their deep and stable environments.
A new technique called Promoter Capture Hi-C was used to connect regulatory elements in the mouse and human genomes, providing insight into how genes are regulated. The analysis identified long-range interactions between promoters and enhancers, shedding light on the genetic basis of disease.