Research from Monell Center reveals that tumor necrosis factor (TNF) helps regulate sensitivity to bitter taste. In normal mice, TNF makes foods taste more bitter during illness due to increased sensitivity. This finding may explain the decreased food intake associated with infections and chronic inflammatory diseases.
Scientists analyzed 1,350 congressional testimonies and found that experts generally agree on global warming and human causation. Despite Republican-controlled congresses featuring skeptical scientists, the majority still support action to combat climate change.
A study found that female liver cells are more susceptible to adverse effects of drugs than male counterparts, particularly postmenopausal women. The findings highlight the need for a sex-specific approach in toxicology and suggest that current theories cannot explain why women are generally more sensitive to drug toxicity.
Researchers at Chalmers University of Technology have developed a new method to calculate the cost-efficiency of plug-in hybrids, significantly reducing calculation time. The convex optimisation algorithm allows for rapid feedback and consideration of various parameters affecting the overall cost.
Researchers identified a genetic pathway linked to poor response to corticosteroid treatment in children with asthma. Targeting the VNN-1 pathway may offer new therapeutic strategies for difficult-to-treat patients.
Physicists at MIT have developed a new tabletop particle detector that can identify single electrons in radioactive gas. The detector uses a magnet to trap and detect the weak signals emitted by the electrons, which are then used to map their precise activity over several milliseconds.
A new study reveals cannabis consumers have a less active hippocampus and are more susceptible to false memories. Chronic use of cannabis can accentuate age-related memory problems.
A study published in JAMA found that gene therapy resulted in clinical improvement for children with Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, a rare immunodeficiency disorder. The treatment, which involved infusing corrected stem cells back into patients, led to the resolution of severe eczema and recurring infections.
A study in Colorado found a 55% increase in diabetic ketoacidosis among youth with type 1 diabetes between 1998 and 2012. Younger age, African American race, and private insurance were associated with higher risk of DKA, while family history and public insurance were protective factors.
Researchers used advanced techniques to study single molecules and protein interactions on the cell membrane. The findings revealed that lipid rafts, previously thought to move within the membrane, do not exist. Instead, proteins may be anchored at specific positions on the surface, influencing cellular processes.
A 24-week parent training study by Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center significantly reduced disruptive behavior in children with autism. The study showed that parent training was more effective in reducing behavior problems than parent education, with 70% of children showing a positive response.
Researchers aim to understand why diabetic patients lack cardioprotection during surgery, a condition that poses serious health issues. They will assess the role of cellular and environmental factors in protecting against ischemia-reperfusion injury.
Researchers found that children given daily doses of oral insulin developed a protective immune response to the disease, which could lead to the development of a vaccine against type 1 diabetes. The study showed increased immunity with higher doses of oral insulin, suggesting a potential treatment strategy.
A Queensland University of Technology study found that centre-based child care and multiple care arrangements in early years improve children's academic competencies. However, high-dose child care may lead to negative impacts on social-emotional, academic, and health outcomes.
Researchers discovered a molecular mechanism connecting breast tissue stiffness to tumor metastasis and poor prognosis. High stiffness causes TWIST1 protein to lose its anchor, enabling cancer cells to invade surrounding tissue and metastasize.
The study found a 19% decrease in opioid dispensing and a 20% drop in overdose rates following the introduction of abuse-deterrent extended-release oxycodone hydrochloride. However, heroin overdose rates increased by 23%. The findings suggest that regulatory mandates or voluntary company actions can help stem prescription abuse.
A new study found that statins can help prevent heart disease in older adults but may cause muscle pain, weakness, and mild cognitive impairment. The study suggests that the benefits of statin use may be offset by these side effects, particularly in geriatric populations.
A recent EORTC trial found that adjuvant Ipilimumab significantly improves recurrence-free survival in patients with completely resected stage III melanoma at high risk of disease recurrence. However, the treatment was also associated with a high rate of immune-related adverse events.
A new guideline recommends administering an antiepileptic medication immediately after a first seizure to reduce the risk of another seizure within two years. The risk is highest for those with a previous brain injury or significant abnormality on imaging tests.
Researchers have found conclusive evidence of a black hole in Henize 2-10, a small, starburst galaxy. The team analyzed X-ray observations from four space telescopes over 13 years, confirming the presence of a supermassive black hole with a mass one million times that of the sun.
A study published in PNAS found that countries with a long history of immigration from diverse sources are more emotionally expressive. Researchers compared several social and demographic variables to the way people describe emotion display rules in dozens of countries.
Scientists at Case Western Reserve University found that two topical medicines can activate mouse and human brain stem cells, reversing paralysis and repairing damage caused by multiple sclerosis. The approach offers a potential new way to reverse disability in MS patients.
Researchers at Oregon State University have invented a technology that can increase WiFi bandwidth by 10 times, reducing congestion in crowded locations and homes with multiple devices. The system uses inexpensive components and integrates with existing WiFi systems, enabling faster data transfer rates up to 100 megabits per second.
A new report from UC San Diego highlights the scope of the problem, finding that only 1,510 counterfeit incidents were reported between 2009 and 2011, despite an estimated 100,000-1 million deaths per year. The study calls for improved detection, data collection, and analysis to combat falsified medicines.
A new grant-funded project aims to create effective exercise programs for people with dysferlinopathies, or dysferlin-linked muscular dystrophies. The researchers will investigate the impact of mechanical loading on muscle damage and inflammation in dysferlin-deficient mice.
Over 7,000 pediatric leaders will attend the Pediatric Academic Societies (PAS) annual meeting, showcasing original research on child health topics. The meeting features a wide range of presentations, including sessions on bullying, teen texting and driving, and health care for immigrant children.
Researchers have discovered a key role played by IGFBP2 in regulating the action of EGFR in glioblastoma cells, allowing them to become resistant to drug treatments. This finding offers new hope for developing targeted therapies that target both EGFR and IGFBP2.
A study of wild baboons in southern Kenya reveals that the size of a female's swollen rump doesn't matter as much as previously thought. Females with bigger backsides don't necessarily make better mothers, and males actually prefer females with more postpartum cycles over larger derriers.
A new study by Women's College Hospital and ICES confirms a strong link between ethnicity and breast cancer stage at diagnosis for Canadian women. South Asian women are more likely to be diagnosed with later stage breast cancer compared to the general population.
Researchers at University of Strathclyde develop miniature directional microphone to tackle sound localization challenges in hearing aids. The new design aims to improve the quality of support for those affected by hearing loss.
Researchers have identified a new mechanism linking chronic inflammation to cancer progression, revealing the role of MUC1 and p65 in driving pro-inflammatory cytokine gene expression. This discovery offers potential therapeutic targets for developing drugs that can interrupt the cancer-inflammation process.
Patients with newly diagnosed and treated osteoporosis have an increased life expectancy of 15-26 years, depending on age and gender. Long-term management of osteoporosis is crucial to ensure optimal patient outcomes.
Breast cancer cells can survive detachment from the extracellular matrix by forming multicellular aggregates, stabilizing EGFR protein. Elevated Bim-EL protein in inflammatory breast cancer cells blocks anoikis through complex with Beclin-1 and LC8.
The study found that self-DNA regulates plant populations and coexistence among organisms like algae, protozoa, fungi, and animals. The discovery could lead to new pharmacological applications in agriculture and medicine.
A new study from Korea reveals that 80% of COPD patients have vitamin D deficiency, compared to 40-60% in the general population. Vitamin D deficiency is also linked to decreased exercise capacity and airflow limitations.
The study found that two specific brain regions, the posterior cingulate cortex and rostral anterior cingulate cortex, are activated when making defensive or offensive strategies. This suggests that intuition plays a key role in rapid strategic decisions, rather than deliberate reasoning.
Weidong Zhou, a UT Arlington electrical engineering professor, has received a $600,000 grant to develop low-cost, compact ultraviolet lasers for detecting chemical and biological agents. The goal is to create more efficient lasers that can be used in portable detection systems, reducing size, weight, and power consumption.
Researchers at the University of Sussex have developed a technology that can stimulate different parts of the hand to convey feelings without physical contact. The study found that short bursts of air can generate excitement, while slow and moderate stimulation creates sad feelings.
Disorders of sex development affect young women's bodily autonomy, social interactions, and perceived sexual fulfillment. They require empathic support from knowledgeable health professionals to address their psychosocial needs.
A study at Columbia University Medical Center found significant DNA anomalies in 31% of children with CKD, linked to neurocognitive disorders. Routine genetic screening could lead to personalized care and earlier detection of complications like diabetes and seizures.
A large study found that mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) is comparable in preventing depression relapse to maintenance antidepressant medication. The therapy may offer a cost-effective and low-cost option for individuals with recurrent depression.
3D simulations analyze local flow fields and identify correlation between left coronary angulation and wall shear stress changes. CFD complements cardiac CT imaging by defining internal biomechanics, including stresses and strain within the coronary artery system.
A recent study found that an obesity intervention program with computerized clinical decision support and health coaching resulted in significant improvements in body mass index (BMI) among children. The greatest improvements were seen in children whose families and pediatricians were most faithful to the program.
Researchers at HZDR and University of Konstanz successfully switch on a single molecule using light, enabling the creation of smallest possible components. The diarylethene compound exhibits unique physical behavior, rotating minimally when open and becoming conductive when closed.
Researchers at Iowa State University and the Ames Laboratory have discovered two proteins that pump antibiotics out of bacteria, allowing them to resist medications. The study reveals that these efflux pumps are part of a large family of proteins and may help protect cells from certain drugs.
Researchers identify ways to improve recruitment and efficiency of IMPaCT trial, a personalized pancreas cancer clinical trial that used genomic sequencing to guide treatment. The trial showed promise despite initial challenges, including slow technology adoption and complex administrative processes.
Researchers at MD Anderson Cancer Center found that CCAT2, a long non-coding RNA, regulates cancer metabolism in both human samples and animal models. This regulation appears to be linked to an increased risk of colon cancer, suggesting potential new targets for cancer treatment.
Researchers discovered two drugs, miconazole and clobetasol, that stimulate stem cells to repair white matter and reverse paralysis in multiple sclerosis. The study found that these compounds activate oligodendrocyte progenitor cells to increase myelination, potentially leading to new treatments for the disease.
Researchers have identified a novel approach to treating pancreatic cancer by introducing the protein E47, which can reprogram cancer cells back to their original state. This breakthrough offers new therapeutic possibilities and may lead to improved patient outcomes.
A new study by Yale University reveals that early human ancestors may have had precision grip capabilities comparable to modern humans. The research team created a kinematic model of the thumb and index finger of living primates and fossil remains, finding that even ancient species like Australopithecus afarensis had impressive dexterity.
A new quantum model has been used to determine the molecular structure of water's liquid surface, revealing the intrinsic asymmetry of hydrogen bonds and their role in the surface's molecular orientation. The results accurately capture the properties of liquid water and offer a promising platform for molecular exploration.
Research reveals color has a major impact on how our body clock measures time of day, outperforming brightness as a reliable method. The study found that changes in light color between blue and yellow are more sensitive to the body clock than changes in brightness.
Multiparametric MRI and ultrasound fusion enables targeted biopsies of high-suspicion foci with increased diagnostic accuracy for prostate cancer. For patients on active surveillance, this method better characterizes the prostate gland and detects higher-grade disease.
Higher field strength improves image signal-to-noise ratio and anatomical detail for better visualization of subcutaneous fat and osseous structures. The use of stronger 3-T field strengths may allow for improved assessment of complex prenatal diseases.
A new paper by Dr Michael Weale from King's College London argues that Patrick Matthew deserves recognition alongside Darwin and Wallace as an originator of evolution by natural selection. Matthew's work, published in 1831, captures a valuable aspect of the theory that wasn't clear in Darwin's version.
Researchers have discovered a way to make pancreatic cancer cells more susceptible to oncolytic viruses by exploiting the communication between cancer cells and supportive cells, such as cancer-associated fibroblasts. This weakness can be exploited to improve treatment outcomes for patients with pancreatic cancer.
Researchers have developed a combination treatment using an antiviral and anti-cancer drug that has proven 100% successful in eliminating hepatitis B virus infections in preclinical models. The treatment targets the cell signalling pathways used by the virus, causing infected cells to die.
The American College of Physicians recommends banning characterizing flavors and television advertising for e-cigarettes to reduce their appeal. Statins are found to be cost-effective for older patients, but even small increases in adverse effects could offset the benefits.
New analysis reveals 'Apex chert microfossils' are not evidence of ancient life but rather peculiarly shaped minerals. Researchers used high-spatial resolution data to map chemical composition and morphology at the sub-micrometre scale, clearing up a long-standing debate about Earth's earliest fossils.
The World Health Organization recommends a 30% reduction in smoking rates by 2025. Countries must triple tobacco taxes to achieve this goal, which could save an estimated 200 million lives by the end of the century. Quitting smoking before age 40 can substantially reduce risk.