Researchers at Arizona State University are working with the University of Tennessee's Anthropological Research Facility to analyze human remains using isotopic analysis. The team aims to determine a person's diet, birthplace, and travel history using oxygen, hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, strontium, and lead isotopes.
New research finds that teachers' perceptions of student behavior are influenced by race, with black students being labeled as 'troublemakers' more often than white students. This can lead to harsher discipline and perpetuate racial disparities in school discipline.
Researchers at the Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology successfully produced large quantities of Nootkatone, a natural flavoring substance used in soft drinks and cosmetics. The substance was produced from sugar using genetic engineering in yeast cells, offering an environmentally friendly alternative to chemical synthesis.
Researchers at the University of Utah Health have discovered patterns in DNA anomalies that predict a woman's outcome significantly better than tumor stage, also indicating how well she'll respond to platinum therapy. The new method could lead to personalized prognostic and diagnostic laboratory tests.
Scientists develop a new technique to reduce the halo effect in multifocal lenses, allowing patients with presbyopia to use them safely at night. The technique smoothes the surface structure of contact or intra-ocular lenses, reducing optical aberrations and improving depth of focus.
A common anti-fungal drug, itraconazole, has shown potential in treating metastatic prostate cancer and non-small cell lung cancer. The ReDO project is exploring its use in various cancers, offering a more affordable alternative to existing treatments.
A study by researchers at the University of Bonn found that brain activity in soccer players is similar when scoring a goal or winning money. Players with more egotistical personalities showed increased activity in learning and reflection regions when goals were scored after passing, not after taking the shot.
Researchers found that dietary deficiencies in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids limit brain growth during fetal development and early in life. A balanced diet rich in these fatty acids is essential for proper pre- and postnatal neural growth.
A new study found that groundcover management systems can improve soil organic matter and reduce bulk density in organically managed apple orchards. The research suggests that using green compost or commercial fertilizer with these systems can increase plant-available water and meet National Organic Program goals.
A new blood test has been developed to predict future breast cancer by analyzing metabolic profiles of over 57,000 people. The test shows a sensitivity of 80% in predicting the likelihood of developing breast cancer within two to five years.
Researchers at University of Queensland found Botox toxin travels through nerves to central nervous system, where it can intoxicate neighboring cells. This discovery has implications for disease treatments and raises questions about the toxin's long-term effects.
Researchers tested Mike May, who regained sight at 49, and found he could see colors and motion but struggled with complex visual processing. The study provides valuable information on how vision develops and which tasks are most vulnerable to sight deprivation.
A genetic mutation in cattle grazing at high altitude leads to a life-threatening condition called brisket disease, characterized by high blood pressure in the lungs. The study sheds light on human lung disease, particularly non-familial pulmonary hypertension in patients with emphysema and pulmonary fibrosis.
Researchers at Michigan Medicine are creating mini-guts in a dish using human stem cells to study the complex interaction between microbes, cells, and disease-causing bacteria. The 'guts in a dish' model aims to aid research on a wide range of diseases, including gastrointestinal disorders and emerging infections.
A wristband that measures motion throughout a 24-hour cycle may help identify patients with major depressive disorder who will respond best to commonly prescribed drugs like Prozac. The study found that night owls are more likely to be depressed and respond to SSRIs.
Researchers at RIKEN have successfully demonstrated the integer quantum Hall effect in a new type of film, known as a 3D topological insulator. By quantizing surface Dirac states, they overcame limitations that had hindered previous efforts to harness these materials for low-power consumption electronics.
Researchers used PET/CT scans to study the behavior of lugworms in sediment, revealing how they burrow and interact with their surroundings. This technique provides insights into the ecological models of benthic animals, highlighting the importance of understanding their activities for maintaining ocean health.
Alessandro Vindigni's research reveals four-way junctions as a critical mechanism for resolving DNA lesions, enabling cells to resume replication and maintain genetic stability. New enzymes, including DNA2, play a key role in this process.
Researchers developed a lab-on-a-chip device that can diagnose Cryptosporidium infections in as little as 10 minutes, offering potential improvements in treatment outcomes for rural areas in China. The device is easy to use and has diagnostic capabilities comparable to current standards, with the potential to reduce costs and timeframe.
Researchers detect lagging dark matter clump in galaxy collision, suggesting interaction with forces other than gravity. This finding rules out the standard theory of Cold Dark Matter, potentially revealing new physics and behavior.
A recent study by Virginia Tech researchers found that the body's muscle begins to process nutrients differently after just five days of a high-fat diet. This change can have dire consequences on the rest of the body and may lead to the development of diabetes and other diseases.
PharmaMar is presenting data on its anticancer candidates PM1183 and plitidepsin, showing synergistic effects against breast cancer cell lines and SCLC mouse tumor models. The company's studies also highlight the potential of plitidepsin as a novel therapeutic target in multiple myeloma.
A new Duke University study in mice found that immune cells consuming an important amino acid called arginine may contribute to the development of Alzheimer's disease. Blocking this process with a small-molecule drug prevented characteristic brain plaques and memory loss in mouse models, suggesting a potential new treatment strategy.
A study by Genes and Cancer group at Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute found that the inactivation of PARD3 gene promotes tumor cell invasion and metastasis in lung cancer. Restoring PARD3 levels significantly reduced the risk of metastasis in animal models.
In a deadly, rapidly spreading infectious disease like Ebola, traditional randomized clinical trials may be inadequate. Alternative trial designs can provide useful information and are morally justifiable, says a new article in the American Journal of Bioethics.
A team of researchers from the University of Waterloo has developed a novel design for electromagnetic energy harvesting based on the full absorption concept, which enables the collection of essentially all electromagnetic energy that falls onto a surface. This technology has vast applications in space solar power and wireless power tr...
A team of Finnish scientists has created a nano-scale map of toner ink thickness on paper, revealing that wood fibers receive relatively thin coatings and roughness dictates ink thickness rather than chemical variations.
Researchers at Arizona State University have identified a new mechanism of charge transport through DNA, differing from previously recognized patterns. The discovery has important implications for the design of functional DNA-based electronic devices and understanding health risks associated with oxidative damage to DNA.
Researchers have created a comprehensive family tree of living and extinct baleen whales stretching back nearly 40 million years. The study estimates that there were over 70 species, with many lineages branching out into unique body shapes and feeding strategies before extinction occurred between 30-23 million years ago.
Researchers at Queen's University Belfast have launched a revolutionary personalized treatment program to improve bowel cancer survival rates. The S-CORT Consortium will employ state-of-the-art techniques to define the genetic make-up of bowel cancer cells, collected from over 2,000 patients, and develop personalized care plans.
A study found that socially anxious youth in treatment who participated in low-intensity service activities during AA meetings had better outcomes and higher abstinence rates. This approach helped them tolerate interpersonal differences and uncomfortable feelings, developing emotional maturity and self-acceptance.
The number of labiaplasty procedures in the NHS has risen five-fold over 10 years, with over 2,000 operations performed in 2010. Women often seek FGCS due to misconceptions about normal vulval anatomy, and GPs should educate patients before referring them to a gynaecologist.
A new material developed at CU-Boulder can separate ethylene from ethane more efficiently, reducing energy consumption. This could save up to 46 million megawatt-hours of electricity per year in the US, equivalent to seven average-sized nuclear power plants.
Researchers have genetically modified Salmonella to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors, offering a potential new therapy. The modified bacteria can target and destroy cancer cells while remaining safe for patients.
A recent study found that disabled girls and women are at risk of abuse by carers and intimate partners due to their physical and social isolation. The research highlights the need for specialist support services and organizations to help these vulnerable individuals.
A new study found that a UV light robot can kill over 90% of bacteria in hospital rooms, including MRSA. The system has been shown to be effective in reducing bacterial growth and preventing hospital-acquired infections.
Scientists have developed a new method to monitor Europe's nature protection areas by analyzing reflected light signals from laser pulses. The technique allows for the identification of different types of vegetation, including weeds and vehicle tracks, and provides detailed 3D maps of the landscape.
A pilot study published in Addiction journal found that extended-release naltrexone significantly reduced opioid relapse rates among mostly heroin-dependent men released from New York City jails. After one month, 88% of participants in the control group relapsed, compared to 38% in the treatment group.
The European Science Foundation emphasizes the importance of addressing rare, high-impact geohazards that can lead to global disasters. The report aims to develop robust risk management plans and increase general resilience in the face of surprise events.
The Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) has shattered its own record for producing polarized proton collisions at 200-giga-electron-volt collision energy. The accelerator now delivers 1200 billion collisions per week, more than double the number achieved in 2012.
A European study involving over 7,000 participants provides new insight into public interest in medicines research and development. The survey found that those with previous experience were almost five times more likely to have good knowledge of medicines R&D.
A new study found that participating in civic activities with others can reverse the normal brain shrinkage associated with aging. Seniors who engaged in meaningful social activities showed significant increases in brain volume and improved memory function over two years.
Scientists discovered that a species of bone-eating worm, Osedax, originated at least 100 million years ago and subsisted on prehistoric reptile bones. The discovery suggests that Osedax may have prevented many skeletons from becoming fossilized, affecting our knowledge of extinct marine life.
Women's human rights addressing maternal mortality and morbidity is crucial globally. Healthcare professionals play a vital role in tackling gender inequalities and domestic violence by embedding human rights principles into care delivery.
Research suggests heroin assisted treatment can improve outcomes, reduce harm, and lower societal costs for a subgroup of patients who do not benefit from conventional treatments. This approach could provide savings that could be redirected to addiction prevention programs.
A new study published in the journal Bone found a strong link between lean muscle mass and healthy bone development in children aged six and seven. The research, led by Dr Rebecca Moon, suggests that higher muscle mass is associated with larger, denser bones and reduced risk of osteoporosis.
Syngenta's use of advanced analytics and operations research led to improved crop production, reducing the time and cost required to develop crops with high productivity. The company's innovative tools have resulted in over $287 million in cost savings and a high probability of delivering a portfolio value exceeding $1.5 billion.
Researchers analyzed genomic data from 16,000 individuals to understand the impact of mutations in two genes associated with a blood disorder. They found that about 1.3% carry a mutation in at least one gene, and algorithms predicted varying levels of harm from these mutations.
A study from the University of Missouri found that violent video games do not affect adults with autism spectrum disorder differently than typically developing adults. Over 100 participants, half with autism and half without, showed similar aggression levels after playing violent or nonviolent games for 15 minutes.
A study found that appropriate patient selection and pharmacist-led monitoring are associated with higher adherence rates to dabigatran. Modifiable site-level practices, such as collaboration between pharmacists and clinicians for nonadherent patients, also improved adherence rates.
Scientists have discovered that Neanderthals from the French region of Poitou-Charentes performed perimortem corporal manipulations on adults and children, including cutting, beating, and fracturing bones. The bone fragments analyzed show clear signs of these manipulations, which may be related to rituals or cannibalism.
A new species of tree-killing bark beetle has been described in a paper published online in the Annals of the Entomological Society of America. The mesoamerican pine beetle was found to work in concert with the southern pine beetle, causing catastrophic damage to pines in Central America.
Researchers found that interactive tools can boost persuasiveness of websites, particularly modality interactivity, which absorbs users and limits thoughts, while message interactivity increases thoughts and promotes positive attitudes towards the message.
A new study finds that simultaneous marijuana and alcohol users have double the odds of drunk driving, social consequences, and harms to self compared to those who use either substance alone. The research also reveals that concurrent users tend to have heavier drinking patterns.
The Lancet Respiratory Medicine publishes two Reviews on obstructive sleep apnea, discussing its effects on brain health and cognitive performance. The articles also explore the potential for personalized treatment approaches and emerging diagnostics in managing OSA.
A new study from Oregon State University found that injury prevention programs are not widely used in high school soccer and basketball teams, despite their benefits. Only 21% of coaches were using a program, and most reported using similar activities but not an official program.
Researchers have been focusing on long-term solutions, but Levy argues that new approaches are needed to prevent infection and disease. He highlights six questions that deserve more attention, including the role of innate immune response, CD8+ T cells, and strategies for an HIV vaccine and cure.
Researchers found that chronic drinking is associated with higher CYP2E1 and CYP2U1 protein expression in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and amygdala (AMG), particularly in the AMG. This could lead to interactions between metabolism of drugs and endogenous substrates, altering drug response and brain physiology.
Researchers found children with high self-control had 40% less time unemployed as adults, highlighting early life self-control as a powerful predictor of job success. Long-term benefits include increased employment rates and productivity.
Scientists at UiT The Arctic University of Norway have discovered a new source of methane in the Arctic Ocean, abiotic methane formed by chemical reactions in the oceanic crust. This finding challenges previous assumptions about the origin of methane and suggests vast systems of methane hydrate throughout the Arctic.