A new thin-film material rapidly changes color in response to chemical nerve agents, offering a potential solution for real-time detection of deadly CWAs. This innovation is based on a distinct color change, a technique that could help save lives and hold aggressors accountable.
A study by University at Buffalo psychologist Chris McNorgan suggests that phonics is crucial for helping identify words during reading. The results indicate that better readers are more sensitive to audio information, which can improve reading instruction and diagnosis of reading disorders such as dyslexia.
NASA's MODIS instrument captured images of Tropical Cyclone Diamondra and Eunice, combining them to create a single panorama. The storms are intensifying, with Cyclone Eunice expected to peak at 125 knots (143.8 mph) before weakening.
Researchers used game theory to model cooperation among cancer cells, finding that free-riding cells can outcompete producing ones. Computer simulations and experiments with pancreatic cancer cells validated the predictions, suggesting new insight into cancer dynamics.
Scientists at Lund University have discovered a way to identify the most malignant tumours in children by studying genetic micro-variation. The study found that the degree of genetic variation between cells is linked to the severity of cancer in children, making it a potential marker for predicting treatment outcomes.
A new species of obligate cave-dwelling flatworm was recently discovered in the Brazilian savanna, providing insight into the rich biodiversity of Brazilian caves. The species, Girardia multidiverticulata, has a unique reproductive apparatus that distinguishes it from other related species.
A study published in Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery found no significant difference in overall complications between older and younger women undergoing breast reconstruction. However, the risk of blood clot-related complications was significantly higher in older women who underwent autologous reconstruction using their own tissues.
A 55,000-year-old skull discovered in Israel's West Galilee provides evidence of modern humans and Neanderthals co-inhabiting the area. The skull, containing a relatively small brain, shares features with modern man's skull, suggesting possible interbreeding between the two species.
A study led by a UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center researcher identified genomic changes in head and neck cancers linked to the sexually transmitted disease HPV. The findings, published in Nature, may help lead to new therapies and identify markers for patients likely to respond to treatment.
Researchers found that Arctic sea ice trend is influenced by internal variability, making long-term predictions challenging. There's a 34% chance of no change or growth in sea ice over a seven-year period, and a 5% chance of rapid loss.
A new species of long-necked dinosaur, Qijianglong, has been discovered in China with a remarkably lightweight neck and surprisingly stiff joints. The findings suggest that long-necked dinosaurs diversified uniquely in Asia during Jurassic times.
The team constructed tiny mirrors to trap light around impurity atoms in diamond crystals, increasing the efficiency of photon transmission. They demonstrated a spin-coherence time of over 200 microseconds, essential for quantum computing systems and long-range cryptographic networks.
A new study published by the American Academy of Neurology found that patients with Parkinson's disease experience improved motor skills when receiving an 'expensive' drug, even if it's just a placebo. The study suggests that harnessing the placebo response could enhance treatment benefits and reduce dosage needs.
A new INFORMS study suggests that combining battery leasing with improved charging technology can alleviate range and resale anxieties, increasing electric vehicle adoption. The study finds that these combined models yield higher benefits than traditional ownership models, particularly in terms of emission savings and consumer surplus.
The EMBERS system uses publically available data to predict population-level societal events like civil unrest and disease outbreaks. The system processes large volumes of social media data and makes predictions using various modeling approaches.
A study of 12 years of observations of chimpanzee playground fights found that chimps with higher-ranking moms are more likely to win. However, the mothers did not intervene in most cases, letting their offspring fight their battles for themselves.
A 55,000-year-old partial skull discovered in Israel provides new insights into the migration of modern humans out of Africa. The fossil, found at Manot Cave, suggests that the Manot people may be closely related to the first modern humans that colonized Europe.
Researchers at UMD have developed a technology platform for creating targeted drug and vaccine delivery vehicles using customized soap bubbles. The technology can produce 1,000 doses of vaccines in just 72 hours.
The EPA proposes stricter rules for refineries to reduce emissions, but industry groups dispute the environmental benefits, citing high costs. The EPA claims the revisions will improve air quality and public health in affected communities.
Researchers at ETH Zurich developed a physical model explaining electron transport in nanocrystal solar cells, which could lead to improved efficiency. The model reveals that nanocrystal size can be controlled to optimize absorption of sunlight, enabling the creation of flexible and thin solar cells with higher performance.
Pregnant women exposed to high levels of flame-retardants are more likely to deliver babies early, with over 15 million preterm births occurring annually worldwide. Researchers analyzed blood samples from pregnant women and found a correlation between flame-retardant chemicals and preterm birth.
A new study suggests that reversing brain inflammation caused by a high-fat diet greatly improves symptoms related to obesity and type II diabetes. Administering butein to obese mice improved glucose tolerance and brain insulin signalling, even at lower doses compared to non-treated mice.
Researchers developed a new technology that preserves tissue quality in donated tissues, extending storage life to at least 60 days. This will allow surgeons to provide patients with more natural joint repair options, reducing the need for metal and plastic implants.
Researchers at LSU Health New Orleans have discovered a novel compound that regulates brain electrical activity and reduces aberrant signaling leading to severe generalized seizures. The finding may contribute to the development of effective anti-epileptic therapies.
Researchers have discovered a way to eradicate cancer stem cells using antibiotics, opening up the possibility of a new treatment for cancer. The study found that four types of antibiotics eradicated cancer stem cells in every test, including glioblastoma and other aggressive forms of cancer.
A study found that contact lens wearers who don't follow proper hygiene habits have increased bacterial contamination of their cases. Washing hands with soap, letting cases air-dry, and using matching disinfecting solutions from the same manufacturer are key steps to reducing contamination.
A recent University of Luxembourg study analyzed European Social Survey data and found no direct link between income inequality and general trust. Key factors influencing trust include beliefs about a society's intrinsic values and perceptions of socio-economic events.
The EU's new regulation on invasive alien species aims to combat one of the greatest threats to biodiversity, with around 12,000 species currently in the EU. The legislation incorporates the findings of the DAISIE research project and will list prioritized species for transnational threats.
Researchers found that xanthohumol, a compound in hops, can protect neuronal cells from oxidative damage, potentially slowing the development of brain disorders like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. The study suggests xanthohumol could be a promising candidate for fighting neurodegenerative conditions.
Researchers at the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health found a significant elevation of brain inflammation in people with clinical depression. Brain scans revealed increased activation of immune cells, which play a key role in the brain's inflammatory response.
The system analyzes video data to extract clues such as heart rate and eye pupil radius, while also analyzing Twitter posts and keystroke rates. The program can accurately detect emotions, with a high correlation between its predictions and users' self-reported feelings.
Research by University of Illinois economist Ben Crost found that aid to villages in the Philippines increased violence. The villages that qualified for aid saw a significant increase in violence, while those that didn't participate experienced less violence. This suggests that aid can inadvertently make communities vulnerable to attacks.
A new study finds that muskrats and minks in central Illinois have high rates of toxoplasmosis, a parasite spread by cats. The researchers suspect tile drainage systems and lack of natural wetlands in the area are contributing to the disease's spread.
A new study published in The Lancet Oncology found that older women with early-stage hormone-receptor positive breast cancers who receive hormone treatment and surgery can safely omit radiotherapy. This group of patients is at low risk of cancer recurrence, making radiotherapy unnecessary.
Researchers have discovered two new species of Palythoa anemones living in cracks and caves of coral reefs, lacking zooxanthellae. The species exhibit unique morphological features adapted to their dark habitats, providing insights into parallel evolution.
A University of California, Berkeley study reveals that a 650-year period of below-average rainfall led to the abandonment of Cantona, a major city in highland Mexico. Climate change is considered one of the major causes of the collapse.
A joint international research project has led to a breakthrough in terahertz spectroscopy, enabling the analysis of nanocrystals and molecules at extremely low concentrations. Researchers successfully increased technique sensitivity using nanoantennas, allowing for enhanced absorption and spectroscopic signature retrieval.
A new study suggests that China should conduct national conservation horizon scanning to identify potential environmental problems that have not yet been noticed by society. This could help prevent large-scale environmental disasters, such as the serious haze caused by heavy air pollution in northern China and across the Yangtze River ...
A fossil skull discovered in Israel's Manot Cave provides strong evidence of the first modern human migration to Europe, dating back 55,000 years. The analysis reveals a close genetic relationship between ancient Europeans and modern humans from Africa, challenging previous theories about the origins of European modern humans.
A new study found that Dutch babies laugh, smile, and cuddle more than their US counterparts. US infants were typically more active and vocal, while Dutch babies demonstrated greater expressions of happiness during routine activities and were easier to calm when upset.
A study of 421 preschool children with autism spectrum disorder reveals two distinct trajectory groups for autistic symptom severity and three for adaptive functioning. Researchers found that sex, age at diagnosis, and language scores were associated with these trajectories.
A recent study finds that childhood maltreatment is linked to adult crime, but this effect disappears when accounting for socioeconomic status and later life factors. Protective experiences like high school graduation and marriage can significantly reduce an individual's risk of crime.
The Dartmouth team created a systematic testing platform to analyze deimmunized protein design space. Their analysis revealed that experimentally measured molecular fitness mapped closely onto the computational design space for 18 deimmunized drug candidates, demonstrating potential to predict and design tradeoffs between immunogenicit...
The ISS-RapidScat instrument provided forecasters with wind speed data on the hurricane-force nor'easter. The storm brought heavy snow and blizzard conditions to the Northeast region, with sustained winds reaching up to 35 meters per second (78.2 mph/126 kph).
A NASA engineer is developing a low-cost, off-the-shelf solution to track stars during the day, enabling science operations through the day. The precision attitude sensor uses near-infrared wavelength bands and cameras with filtering capabilities to process data in real-time.
Researchers designed an X-ray polarimeter, X-Calibur, to study high-energy processes near black holes. The instrument measures X-ray polarization properties to study extreme objects in the Universe.
Researchers developed mobile applications that allow students to interact with real laboratory equipment, promoting deeper learning and engagement. The apps have been shown to be effective for students with special needs and can accommodate multiple simultaneous connections.
A study from the University of California, Davis reveals extreme oxygen loss in oceans around 10,000-17,000 years ago, coinciding with past global climate change. The findings suggest that modern oceans are moving into a state with no precedent in human history.
A study discovered that genetic variations associated with psoriasis and Crohn's disease are extremely old, predating the evolution of Neanderthals. The research suggests that these genetic features may have played a role in the health and survival of our ancient ancestors.
Astronauts on ISS captured stunning night image of Cyclone Bansi in January 2015, revealing brilliant lightning around its eye. The cyclone reached category 4 strength before weakening into an extra-tropical system.
Nordic scientists emphasize the need for collaborative approach to address complex ocean changes. The region's oceans are highly sensitive to environmental shifts, with increased temperatures, acidification, and retreating sea ice posing significant challenges.
Researchers at Tel Aviv University identified a novel protein capable of targeting and inhibiting the activity of a protein essential to bacterial cells. This discovery may strengthen efforts to combat antibiotic-resistant infections and presents a potential breakthrough in the fight against superbugs.
A massive celestial object impacted Mars, generating a magma ocean that solidified into the mountainous highlands of the southern hemisphere. This event, occurring around 4-15 million years after Mars' formation, is believed to have triggered volcanic activity and changed the planet's magnetic field.
A smartphone app improved some sun protection behaviors, including increased shade use and combined use of all sun protection behaviors. However, there was no significant difference in sunburns between groups. Strategies to increase mobile app usage are needed for effective deployment.
Full implementation of new guidelines could prevent 56,000 cardiovascular disease events and 13,000 deaths annually, with cost-effectiveness found in treating stage 1 hypertension for some patients. Treating women ages 35-44 with stage 1 hypertension without CVD may not be cost-effective.
Physicists use entangled ions to test the isotropy of space, disproving anisotropy theories. The experiment shows space is isotropic to one part in a billion billion, improving upon previous experiments.
Scientists at the University of Iowa created human insulin-producing cells that respond to glucose and correct blood-sugar levels in diabetic mice. The findings may represent a step toward developing patient-specific cell replacement therapy for type 1 diabetes.
A unique research project is using Manchester United's Academy players to investigate the effects of exercise on young hearts. The study aims to identify healthy limits and benefits of exercise for elite athletes, normal children, and those with congenital heart defects.
Researchers at the University of Illinois at Chicago found that damaged DNA can cause a molecule to slow down its patrol, giving it more time to recognize and initiate repair. The protein XPC, important for DNA repair, stalls at damaged sites due to twisted damage, allowing it to open and fix the damage.
A new study reveals how tiny marine organisms that attach to ships' hulls and rocks respond to ocean acidification. The research found that certain species, such as sea squirts and sponges, increase in number, while others, like hard shell worms, decline significantly.