A study by Johns Hopkins pathologists identified a unique pattern of injuries in the brains of combat veterans who survived IED blasts and later died. The honeycomb pattern of damaged nerve fibers is distinct from other types of brain injury, suggesting a possible signature of 'shell shock' or blast neurotrauma.
Glucocorticoids suppress inflammation by targeting nuclear factor-κB and upregulating IRAK-M, a key negative regulator of inflammatory pathways. The discovery provides new insights into the mechanism of glucocorticoid action and could lead to the development of new therapeutic strategies for controlling overactive inflammation.
The University of Warwick's Next Generation Transit Survey (NGTS) aims to detect small planets from Neptune size down to twice the size of Earth. Researchers hope to study the atmospheres and composition of these super-Earths, which are thought to be common around other stars.
Cancer experts will discuss how to work together to accelerate progress towards a cure, expand global access to prevention, treatment, and care. The World Economic Forum is the right platform to address the urgent need for bold action.
Researchers at MIT and Purdue University have found that meteorites are not building blocks of planets, but rather byproducts of a violent planetary process. Computer simulations show that large moon-sized bodies likely existed before chondrules formed, which were then created by collisions of these bodies.
A new study reveals that worsening health conditions can serve as a predictor to mortgage distress, increasing the risk of default and foreclosure. The study found that middle-aged adults with worsening chronic conditions face nearly twice the risk of mortgage default compared to those without worsening conditions.
Duke University scientists have discovered high levels of ammonium and iodide in oil and gas wastewater, exceeding EPA water-quality thresholds. These contaminants can harm aquatic life and promote toxic byproducts in drinking water when mixed with chlorine.
Researchers at Virginia Tech Carilion Research Institute have developed a brain-imaging technique that can detect autism spectrum disorder in children. The test, which involves measuring perspective-tracking responses, has shown promising diagnostic potential and may revolutionize the way autism is diagnosed.
A study published by the Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine found that 12% of patients admitted from care homes had high sodium levels, compared to 1% from their own homes. Dehydration is a significant concern for elderly and infirm people who may require assistance with drinking.
Researchers at McMaster University have discovered a new class of antibodies that can neutralize a wide range of influenza A viruses, paving the way for a universal flu vaccine. The vaccine would only need to be given once and could protect against all strains of flu, even when the virus mutates.
Electrons in a crystal lattice move at incredible speeds, with one type of electron traveling at 5000 km/s. By studying the delay between electrons traveling through different atomic layers, researchers gained insight into the behavior of electrons within the crystal's microcosm.
A recent study published in Neurology found that depression and behavioral changes often occur before memory decline in people with Alzheimer's. Researchers analyzed data from over 2,400 participants and found that those who developed dementia were more likely to exhibit mood swings, including depression and delusions.
Researchers at Case Western Reserve University discovered coenzyme A's crucial role in cell metabolism and its regulation of nitric oxide. The study identified hundreds of proteins influenced by coenzyme A-driven protein nitrosylation, with potential implications for understanding disease mechanisms.
Researchers found that fine root hydraulic conductance is related to transplant recovery in two Quercus species, with spring transplanting optimal for Quercus bicolor. The study suggests that understanding tree roots' behavior can inform better decisions regarding transplant timing and improve post-transplant recovery.
Researchers have successfully created heterostructures with varying widths of graphene nanoribbons using molecular self-assembly. This breakthrough could lead to the deployment of graphene in commercial electronic applications, taking advantage of its unique properties.
Researchers have discovered a highly sought-after material that can lead to vastly improved organic solar cell performance, increasing efficiency from 8% to 9.3%. The new discovery enables the production of cells that are double in thickness and opens up opportunities for the development of new materials with improved performance.
A recent study published in JAMA Surgery found that patients with metastatic colorectal cancer are experiencing a decrease in primary tumor resection rates. Despite this decrease, overall survival rates for these patients have improved, indicating potential overutilization of surgery in certain patient populations.
Scientists successfully extracted DNA from Australia's extinct giant kangaroos, confirming their close relationship with modern macropods. The study also sheds light on the distinct lineage of short-faced kangaroos and highlights the importance of conservation for endangered species like the banded hare-wallaby.
Scientists have developed an ultra-thin, flexible device that sticks to skin like a rub-on tattoo and can detect glucose levels. The device has the potential to eliminate finger-pricking for people with diabetes, eliminating a major pain point in managing the disease.
A new study published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition found that physical inactivity is responsible for twice as many deaths as obesity. The researchers analyzed data from over 334,000 European men and women and found that even a small increase in physical activity can have significant health benefits.
A recent study found significant variation in eastern diamondback rattlesnake venom linked to geography, highlighting the need for tailored antivenom production. In contrast, coral snakes' venom is uniform across their range.
Researchers at Rice University have developed stacked, three-dimensional supercapacitors using laser-induced graphene, which show excellent energy-storage capacity and power potential. The devices can be scaled up for commercial applications and offer flexibility and scalability benefits.
New research from the University of Surrey found that potassium salts improve bone health by reducing bone resorption. The study showed a significant decrease in bone resorption and an increase in bone strength, potentially preventing osteoporosis.
A £250,000 award will support a three-year study on the feasibility and effectiveness of resistance training for youngsters with cerebral palsy. The study, led by physiotherapists at Brunel University London, aims to recruit 60 young people between 12 and 19 years old.
Advanced 3D facial imaging may aid in early detection of autism. Researchers identified three distinct subgroups of children with autism who had similar measurement patterns in their facial features.
A new study suggests that depression and behavior changes can occur in people with Alzheimer's disease even before they experience memory problems. Researchers analyzed data from 2,416 participants and found that those who developed dementia were more likely to develop depression sooner than those without dementia.
New research found that state performance funding in Washington State did not increase student retention and degree completion, despite being a model for accountability systems. However, short-term certificate programs showed growth in students earning certificates with little value in the labor market.
Solvanix will work with biotech and pharmaceutical companies to develop customized solutions for stability issues in therapeutic monoclonal antibodies. The new technology improves antibody stability by altering specific regions without compromising its human quality.
A study published in HortScience confirms that sweet potato leaves are a good source of vitamins, particularly vitamin B6. The research found that young leaves contained the highest levels of ascorbic acid, while mature leaves provided significant amounts of vitamin B6.
Researchers evaluated 39 screening tests for 19 major diseases and found that only a few tests showed a reduction in disease-specific mortality. Screening for asymptomatic adults has been met with controversy, particularly regarding breast cancer and prostate cancer screening. The study suggests that expectations of major benefits from...
The article discusses the need for medical care practices in commercial space transportation, highlighting different phases of suborbital and orbital missions. The authors suggest defining Medical Levels of Care to account for various types of flight, including motion sickness, emergency equipment, and spacesuits.
A new computer model can forecast population-level behavior during disease outbreaks, including panic reactions and misinformation. The model accurately reproduced the population-level behavior that accompanied three disease outbreaks: H1N1 flu and SARS in Hong Kong.
The two satellites measured significant rainfall in Tropical Depression Mekkhala, indicating the storm's intensification on January 13. The depression strengthened as it headed towards the Philippines, with maximum sustained winds near 30 knots and a circulation that became slightly better defined.
The Damon Runyon-Rachleff Innovation Award funds novel approaches to fighting cancer, enabling exceptionally creative thinkers to develop high-risk/high-reward ideas that lack preliminary data. The awardees have the potential to significantly impact cancer prevention, diagnosis, and treatment.
NASA's Aqua satellite captured a visible image of Tropical Cyclone Bansi, revealing clouds wrapping into its eye. Forecasters expect the storm to re-strengthen and peak at 115 knots.
Researchers have discovered new microbes beneath the ocean crust that breathe sulfate, breaking down organic material and producing carbon dioxide. These microbes play a vital role in the global carbon cycle, which is being disrupted by human-made carbon dioxide emissions.
Researchers at Bielefeld University have created a system called SoProMon that uses acoustic signals to monitor industrial processes. This approach enables staff to take proactive measures before issues arise, reducing the need for visual monitoring.
A Harvard University study reveals that global sea level has accelerated far more than initially thought, with a 30% increase in sea level rise from 1900-1990 compared to previous estimates. The researchers used a new approach to estimate sea level change by accounting for the limitations of existing tide gauge records.
A new study from Ohio State University finds that community members feel most contact with Ohio State students, highlighting the importance of student engagement. The assessment also reveals the impact of distance on town-gown relationships, suggesting that colleges must make a special effort to reach local communities.
A study suggests that dry forests in the western US are more threatened by insect outbreaks and droughts than wildfires. Historically, these forests had a mix of large and small trees, providing 'bet-hedging' insurance against multiple disturbances.
A study by Michigan State University and international partners reveals that 20 renewable resources, such as corn and soy, have reached peak production rates between 1988 and 2008. The researchers warn that relying on substitution to solve shortages may not be effective when multiple resources are running out.
Researchers Rouzbeh Shahsavari and Saroosh Jalilvand found that atomic-level forces affect the mechanical properties of complex particle-based materials, such as concrete. They suggest new ways to fine-tune chemistry to make concrete less prone to cracking and more suitable for specific applications.
Regular cattle testing could lead to TB eradication regardless of badger culling, study suggests. Cattle housed in large sheds over winter can double infected animals in a herd.
A new study from Columbia Business School found that 'crystallized intelligence,' gained through experience and accumulated knowledge, is more important than 'fluid intelligence' in making sound financial decisions. The research suggests guidelines for policymakers to help older adults with complex financial decisions.
The study of zebrafish at the European Zebrafish Resource Center has shown that signaling molecules are transmitted in bundles via long filopodia, influencing signaling properties and tissue development. This precise control enables cells to develop their special structure and function.
The Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council has funded five high-value research projects worth £15.8M to tackle major scientific challenges in health, energy and agriculture. The projects will focus on producing clean energy, developing new medicines and protecting livestock from disease.
Research reveals that HIV/AIDS patients in the southern US have significantly lower survival rates compared to other regions. The study found that 15% of people diagnosed with HIV and 27% of those diagnosed with AIDS died within five years of diagnosis.
A new study reveals that a genetic mutation in the MYBPC3 gene causes cardiac dysfunction and is responsible for up to 8% of deaths among South Asians. The mutation affects the protein that controls heart muscle contractions, leading to toxic effects on the cell.
Researchers discovered that trauma-related cues from infancy can lower depressive-like behavior in adults, contrary to previous expectations. The study found that these cues altered the brain's serotonin levels, leading to mood uplift and alleviating depression in grown rats.
A clinical trial examined the safety and effectiveness of lisdexamfetamine in treating moderate to severe binge eating disorder. The study found that higher doses of lisdexamfetamine (50-70mg/day) were effective in decreasing binge-eating days and episodes, with a significant improvement in four-week cessation rates.
A study published in Sex Roles found that sexual objectification increases women's fear of face-to-face crime and physical harm. The researchers suggest that challenging social acceptance of sexual objectification can help transform unequal power distributions between men and women, reducing violence against women.
Researchers found that water depth and reef structure can predict coral reef recovery with 98% confidence. The study used nearly 20 years of coral reef data from the Seychelles to identify thresholds for these factors. This prediction can help reef management plan strategies to improve the outlook for reefs.
The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases has awarded contracts to three organizations to conduct early-stage human clinical trials for investigational infectious disease treatments. The trials will test the safety of novel drugs against a range of emerging and re-emerging pathogens, including viruses and bacteria.
Researchers at Florida Atlantic University have discovered new compounds in cone snail venom that target alpha3beta4 nicotinic receptors, associated with lung cancer and nicotine addiction. The study aims to develop new treatments for these diseases using marine animal-derived compounds.
A nationwide study found that platelet transfusions in rare blood cell disorders increase the risk of arterial clots and mortality. For thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) and heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT), these transfusions are associated with a fivefold to sixfold increase in death odds.
Research found that abscisic acid (ABA) treatments can increase calcium concentrations in tomato fruit, reducing the risk of blossom-end rot. ABA applications were effective in early stages of plant development, but additional treatments may be needed for later stages.
Scientists have successfully tracked the motion of electrons in metals using laser pulses, achieving attosecond precision. The results demonstrate that electrons travel through metals ballistically, with their arrival times dependent on layer thickness. This breakthrough has significant implications for the miniaturization of electroni...
Researchers found that cell division at the abscission zone of short-lived sunflower cultivars occurs earlier than in long-lived varieties, leading to earlier petal drop. The study also showed a correlation between flower color and vase life, with darker cultivars having shorter vase life.
A new study found that mutations in the telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) gene increase the risk of emphysema in smokers. Female smokers with these mutations may be more susceptible to the disease. The researchers also discovered a link between telomere shortening and other health problems, such as osteoporosis and liver disease.
A new study has identified genetic mutations in the titin gene that cause dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), a leading cause of inherited heart failure. The study provides information that will help screen high-risk patients and develop therapies to prevent or treat heart disease caused by titin mutations.