A study by Case Western Reserve University found Ohio's Behavioral Health/Juvenile Justice initiative benefits young offenders diverted to community-based agencies for mental health treatment and substance abuse help. Most showed improvements in functioning and decreased delinquency symptoms.
Scientists developed a novel paste based on calcium and phosphorus to address tooth sensitivity, which can lead to more serious dental problems. The new material plugs exposed tubes more deeply than other treatments, providing longer-lasting relief.
Researchers have derived a new set of equations that allows for calculating electron paramagnetic resonance transition probabilities with arbitrary alignment and polarization. This progress is relevant for a broad community of EPR users and has been demonstrated with a newly designed THz-EPR experiment at HZB's storage ring BESSY II.
A recent study found that incorporating one avocado per day into a moderate-fat, cholesterol-lowering diet significantly lowers LDL and total cholesterol levels. The researchers tested three diets, including one with an added avocado, and found the avocado diet to be more effective in reducing bad cholesterol.
A comprehensive analysis found that the NIH spends only 7-9% of its budget on behavioral interventions to prevent NCDs, despite 70% of US deaths being due to these diseases. Increasing funding for prevention research could save lives and reduce healthcare costs.
Physicists at Griffith University demonstrate the potential for quantum steering to be used to enhance data security over long distances. This technique allows for perfectly secure communication between two parties without requiring absolute trust in devices, making it suitable for scenarios where standard methods fail.
Researchers at UC Santa Barbara have developed a method to target inflamed tissues by utilizing monocytes, which can be attached to 'cellular backpacks' coated with antibodies. These particles can deliver therapeutic agents to the site of inflammation, potentially improving treatment outcomes and reducing side effects.
Researchers at Dartmouth Hitchcock's Norris Cotton Cancer Center developed a prognostic test for E2F4 in ER+ breast cancer, significantly predicting patient outcome regardless of treatment status. The test identifies patients who should receive aggressive follow-up treatment.
The Deep Space Climate Observatory will capture the entire sunlit side of Earth in one image, providing unprecedented atmospheric data and insights into global weather patterns. The launch marks a significant improvement in solar wind speed measurement and complement NASA's larger missions.
A study found that TV crime news over-represented Muslims (81%) and Latinos (97%) as perpetrators and victims, while under-representing African-Americans, despite FBI reports showing different demographics.
A UC Riverside study found that geckos without an adhesive system evolved faster in terms of morphology and locomotion. This suggests that losing adaptations can be beneficial for the species, allowing it to occupy a new niche.
A new study by University of Kansas professors found that partisanship among the most educated Americans can lead to a divergence in fact understanding. Well-educated respondents disagreed more along partisan lines than less-educated respondents on highly politicized issues, suggesting education alone may not be enough to create consen...
A recent study published in Transport Policy found that many North American cities prioritize environmental and congestion-reduction goals over social-equity objectives. Researchers analyzed 18 metropolitan areas and identified clear indicators for promoting social equity, such as changes in accessibility to desired destinations and di...
A NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center satellite image on January 7, 2015, revealed a blanket of northern snow and lake-effect snow from the Great Lakes. The cold front brought Arctic air as far south as Florida and stretched back over the Gulf of Mexico.
Research shows that defensins can disable bacterial toxins by binding to specific locations on these proteins, triggering misfolding. This discovery offers a promising model for developing drugs that could mimic the activity of defensins and reduce pathogens' infectious power.
Researchers have identified distinct gene pathways altered by infection and diet in vascular tissue, suggesting future therapies may need to be tailored. This discovery sheds light on the complex development of atherosclerosis and its association with infections like Porphyromonas gingivalis and Chlamydia pneumoniae.
Researchers found that exposure to diesel exhaust for just two hours can alter DNA methylation, changing the expression of approximately 400 genes. This epigenetic shift can have long-term effects on health, even without noticeable symptoms.
A 2013 survey of radiation oncologists found that peer review is a common practice in medicine, but there is wide variation in its performance. Seventy-eight percent of respondents reported being involved in peer review, and 74% expressed interest in formal guidelines to improve the process.
A new study found that high-dose testosterone therapy can suppress advanced prostate cancers and reverse resistance to testosterone-blocking drugs. Seven of the 14 men showed a significant decrease in PSA levels, while four stayed on testosterone therapy for up to 24 months with continued low PSA levels.
Disney Research creates a method for automatically reviewing nighttime giraffe behavior videos and creating a summary of unusual behaviors. The system can detect rare events in real-time, allowing wildlife experts to better understand giraffe health and safety.
Nate Silver will receive the 2015 JPBM Communications Award for his innovative use of statistics and probability to make accurate predictions in various fields, including politics and baseball. The award recognizes his ability to communicate complex mathematical concepts to a broad audience.
Researchers discover that HIV's ability to mutate beyond recognition evades the immune system. A new study finds that training killer T cells to recognize unaltered viral protein segments can reawaken the natural killer instinct, killing 61% of HIV-infected cells.
Researchers found that family function is affected by the mental illness diagnosis type and caregiver sense of coherence. Caregiver strain and client dependence are associated with greater family disruption. Interventions for all family members may improve cohesion and support.
A study published in Nature suggests that gut bacteria can utilize yeast carbohydrates, potentially supporting the development of new treatments for yeast infections and autoimmune diseases. The research identified a specific bacterium, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, with the ability to degrade complex carbohydrates in yeast cell walls.
A research team at McGill University has identified a complex of neurons in the lateral prefrontal cortex that interact to filter visual information while ignoring distractions. The discovery has far-reaching implications for understanding diseases such as autism, ADHD, and schizophrenia.
Scientists at UCL have discovered the root of the problem in making blue LEDs by examining gallium nitride's unusual behavior using sophisticated computer simulations. The study reveals that doping with magnesium is necessary to achieve the desired properties, but the complexity of the process was previously unknown.
Two studies found a unique molecule that can repair damaged nerve cells by locating and clearing out bad cells. The phosphatidylserine receptor (PSR-1) also helps reconnect broken nerve fibers in the regeneration process.
Researchers discovered that despite cultural differences, listeners from various groups responded similarly to the excitement and calmness of music. The study used emoticons and physiological measurements to compare reactions to Western and Pygmy music.
A new study found that magnesium intake, genes, and ethnicity interact to determine type 2 diabetes risk in postmenopausal women. The study analyzed data from the Women's Health Initiative and found specific interactions between diet, genetics, and ethnicity.
Researchers developed a new self-assembled material that can amplify small variations in temperature and concentration of biomolecules, making it suitable for biosensors and drug delivery systems. The material's unique response to changes in temperature and concentration could lead to significant advancements in sensing technology.
Researchers at UNC Chapel Hill created inhalable vaccines targeting lung diseases by modifying particle surface charge, inducing local and systemic immune responses. This novel approach may lead to improved vaccine accessibility in low-resource areas without refrigeration requirements.
A microfluidic system enables serial formation of cell membranes and measurement of processes taking place on them. The system allows for the creation of stable and functional membranes, opening the road to high-throughput studies of cell membrane mechanisms.
A study by researchers at NYU and McGill University found that monolingual infants expect others to understand only one language, while bilingual infants do not share this assumption. The findings suggest that infants may see a good communication partner as someone who speaks the same language they were raised with.
Researchers found a storage rate discrepancy that caused the cash and futures prices to diverge. The storage rate was set too low, resulting in a $2 difference between the two prices.
Citizen scientists on DiskDetective.org have classified 1 million potential debris disks and YSOs, helping astronomers identify promising targets for future studies. The project has already identified 478 objects of interest, with many more to be investigated using ground-based telescopes.
A FDA-approved drug may help combat obesity by stimulating brown fat's metabolic activity, increasing resting metabolic rate, and promoting weight loss in rodents. Researchers discovered that mirabegron activates the beta-3 adrenergic receptor, a promising target for obesity treatment.
Recent research on the fractional quantum Hall effect (FQHE) has made significant progress, including the observation of the 5/2 filling state in graphene. This state is an even denominator state that requires new theoretical concepts to understand its many-body physics. FQHE applications in quantum computing are also being explored.
A new system between the gut and nervous system may be more direct than hormone release in signaling fullness. The connection also suggests a potential pathway for foodborne viruses to infect the brain.
A new study by Duke researchers has identified a protein called hevin that plays a critical role in forming brain connections, particularly in the cortex. The discovery sheds light on how disruptions in this process may contribute to conditions such as autism and depression.
Two Louisiana Tech graduate students, Tyler Sonsalla and Taylor Tarlton, have been awarded Sigma Xi Grants in Aid of Research to support their research in small-scale solar thermal collectors and charge transport in nano-composite materials.
Researchers have discovered new genetic and epigenetic factors that contribute to diabetes, suggesting a shared pathway between genes and environment. The study found similar epigenetic changes in fat cells of obese mice and humans, highlighting the consilience of genetics and environment.
Shoppers spend 15% more on food during the holiday season and only 25% of that extra food is healthy. After the New Year, shoppers continue to purchase less-healthy items while making healthier purchases.
Ben-Gurion University researchers found that alpha1-antitrypsin (AAT) treatment can halt bacterial colonization and spread, preventing severe infections. The study showed treated mice combatted lethal bacteria better than untreated mice, with virtually no bacteria left to grow.
A study published in PLOS Medicine found that RSV infection may increase the risk of pneumococcal pneumonia, especially in infants. High RSV activity was associated with significant increases in pneumococcal disease among children under one year old.
A massive dead zone in Lake Erie was linked to the 2012 drought, according to a new study. Researchers found that agricultural practices and meteorological conditions explain year-to-year variability in the size of the dead zone.
A new clinical study found that tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) supplementation can dial back excessive sympathetic nervous system activation, leading to positive effects on arterial stiffness. BH4 is a cofactor for nitric oxide synthesis and has been shown to have beneficial effects on blood pressure and cardiovascular risk factors.
A new study found that resilience, satisfaction with life, and a grateful disposition may protect police officers from post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. The research, conducted in the New Orleans area during and after Hurricane Katrina, suggested that these protective qualities can mitigate PTSD symptoms even years later.
A recent study published in AORN Journal found that specialty nursing certification contributes to improved surgical patient outcomes in hospitals. The research showed higher rates of certified ambulatory perianesthesia nurse (CAPA) and certified nurse operating room (CNOR) certifications were associated with lower rates of central-lin...
A new study suggests that dopamine can prevent the growth of blood vessels in tumors without causing serious side effects, unlike existing anti-angiogenic drugs. Dopamine also prevents low neutrophil counts induced by chemotherapy, making it a potential alternative for gastrointestinal cancer treatment.
A global study found that HIV-positive children in developing countries are six times more likely to die from pneumonia than their non-HIV positive peers. The research, published in The Lancet Infectious Diseases, highlights the need for improved early testing for HIV in infants, antiretroviral therapy and vaccination.
A new multiple-target, real-time reverse transcription-PCR (real-time RT-PCR) TaqMan assay can differentiate between patients with latent TB and those with active disease. The assay targets eight human immune markers and has a sensitivity of up to 100% for active disease.
A new cohort study found that low plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels are inversely associated with the need for mechanical ventilation in critically ill surgical patients. The study suggests that optimized vitamin D status may reduce respiratory muscle weakness and systemic inflammation, leading to shorter respiratory support times.
Enzymes linked to diabetes and obesity play key roles in arthritis and leukemia, potentially opening new avenues for treating these diseases. Targeting ether lipids may reduce neutrophil levels, allowing the immune system to return to normal.
Researchers at the University of Bristol have developed a new acousto-optic device that can shape and steer light beams at speeds never before achieved. The device, which consists of 64 tiny piezo-electric elements, can create complex sound fields that deflect and sculpt light passing through it.
Autologous and donor ART cycles showed low risk of complications, with OHSS being the most common patient issue. Maternal death rates decreased over time, indicating improved patient safety.
Researchers developed a drug delivery technique using graphene strips to sequentially deliver two anticancer drugs, TRAIL and doxorubicin, targeting distinct parts of the cell. The technique significantly improved treatment efficacy compared to isolated therapies in mouse models targeting human lung cancer tumors.
Researchers at the University of Groningen have resolved the 'boxfish swimming paradox' by showing that the fish's triangular shape and body design actually promote manoeuvrability. The study, published in the online journal Interface, challenges a previous American research group's claims about the magical properties of boxfish ridges.
A new study suggests that repeatedly reflecting on a breakup can speed emotional recovery. Researchers found that participants who completed a more intensive set of tasks and measures had better overall recovery from their breakups. Reflecting on the relationship helped participants build a stronger sense of themselves as single people.
Researchers analyzed data from the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake and found that sediment in affected river catchments remained for decades, longest where landsliding was highest. They also discovered low friction in the fault zone, contradicting previous observations.
Researchers discover a new type of ant-decapitating behavior in the genus Dohrniphora, where adult female flies sever ant heads and drag them off across the forest floor. This behavior challenges previous knowledge of the Phoridae family.