Researchers have sequenced the full genome of an ancient African male skeleton, revealing significantly more Eurasian ancestry than previously thought. The study estimates that 4-7% of African genomes trace back to a Eurasian source, with gene flow reaching Central, West and Southern Africa.
Professor John J. Ohala has been awarded the Acoustical Society of America's Silver Medal in Speech Communication for his contributions to understanding speech production and perception, as well as applying phonetic principles to study spoken language change over time.
Researchers identified the molecular properties of mammalian melanopsins, a photopigment involved in non-visual photoreception. They found that these proteins possess less stable bonds with retinal, contributing to lower photosensitivity and diverse attachment stability among species.
A team of researchers discovered that fishes' jaw protrusion ability is a relatively new trait, appearing only in the last 100 million years of their 400-million-year history. This finding suggests that the evolution of jaw protrusion played a crucial role in the success of spiny-rayed fishes.
A recent study published in JAMA Oncology examined cancer-care outcomes among US hospitals and found significant differences in long-term survival rates among four major categories of hospitals: PPS-exempt, NCI cancer centers, AMC, and other hospitals. The analysis revealed substantial gaps in survival rates, with patients treated at P...
Researchers at MPFI and FIAS will analyze large datasets to understand spontaneous brain activity in early visual cortex development. They aim to extract general principles of how this activity influences cortical development.
Researchers discovered that burying beetles express specific genes controlling parenting behaviors when single-parented, but not when appearing to co-parent. This finding provides insights into the fundamental genetics of parenthood in insects and may inform studies on social dynamics in other animals.
A recent UCLA-led study quantified the direct impact of climate on ecosystems worldwide, finding that it has a strong and immediate effect on forest productivity. The research restores scientific consensus on the topic after a controversial 2014 paper questioned the correlation between climate change and ecosystem growth.
A team of biologists from OIST and University of Hong Kong analyzed a database of modern and fossil ants to determine their geographical distribution. The study reveals that ancient European ants were more similar to South East Asian modern ants than European counterparts.
A new study found that laparoscopic hysterectomy without morcellation was the most effective procedure, while laparoscopic hysterectomy with power morcellation was associated with more intraoperative complications but fewer perioperative risks. The risk of cancer dissemination and mortality varied by age, with higher risks for older wo...
A recent study by the American College of Surgeons found that helmeted bicycle riders are 58% less likely to suffer severe traumatic brain injuries after a crash. The study analyzed data from over 6,200 patients and showed that helmets significantly reduce the risk of head bleeds, facial fractures, and even death.
Researchers found that variation in a single gene, plep-1, produces males with excretory pores attracting other males. This attraction is likely never manifest in nature due to the rarity of males, but highlights the role of molecular biology and genetic differences in shaping sexual behavior.
A study from Massachusetts General Hospital found that CT scans altered physicians' diagnoses and management decisions for over half of patients with abdominal pain, chest pain/shortness of breath, or headache. The scan helped confirm or rule out alternative diagnoses in most cases, leading to changes in admission decisions.
A recent meta-analysis found increased bladder cancer risk in certain occupations, with workers exposed to aromatic amines and polycystic aromatic hydrocarbons facing the highest risks. The study's findings suggest that efforts to reduce the impact of occupational bladder cancer should be targeted towards these high-risk occupations.
Researchers proposed a multilaminar model explaining chromatin's three-dimensional structure, contradicting previous loop-based models. The model suggests stacked thin layers of chromatin form chromosomes, justifying their elongated cylindrical shape and mechanical properties.
The Brain & Behavior Research Foundation honored nine scientists for their work in schizophrenia, mood disorders, and cognitive neuroscience. The awards recognize the transformative power of neuroscience to improve mental health.
Roy D. Patterson, a renowned auditory neuroscientist, has been awarded the Acoustical Society of America's Silver Medal in Psychological and Physiological Acoustics. He made significant contributions to understanding pitch and timbre perception, as well as computational modeling of auditory representations.
Researchers found high concentrations of endocrine-disrupting compounds in fish caught near wastewater treatment plants in the Basque Country, posing a risk to human health. The study suggests that improved treatment technologies are needed to mitigate this issue.
A study published in JAMA Ophthalmology found that first-born individuals are more likely to be nearsighted than later-born individuals, with the association reduced when adjusting for educational exposure. The researchers suggest that reduced parental investment in education may contribute to this increased risk.
Researchers developed an epigenetic algorithm that accurately predicts male sexual orientation by analyzing DNA methylation patterns in nine specific regions of the genome. The algorithm achieved a 70% accuracy rate in predicting male sexual orientation, providing new insights into the molecular markers underlying human sexuality.
A new study reveals that menopause diminishes the impact of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) in preventing plaque buildup and artery hardening. The research found a positive association between increases in HDL levels and greater plaque buildup among women transitioning through menopause.
A Norwegian study found that men are most jealous of sexual infidelity, while women are more jealous of emotional infidelity. This difference may be due to evolutionary psychology factors, such as paternity insecurity and the need for men to invest resources in their children.
By creating inside-out plants, scientists can observe the interior cells synthesizing cellulose in high resolution. The study reveals that plant cells need a high density of enzymes and rapid movement across the cell surface to produce cellulose quickly, with significant implications for plant breeding and industries relying on cellulose.
A new study suggests creating quiet marine zones to better understand the impact of human-generated noise on marine animals. The researchers mapped areas of high and low noise pollution in the oceans around Canada and found a correlation between noise levels and animal behavior.
The sequenced ancient human genome from Africa reveals a significant wave of migration back into the continent around 3,000 years ago, affecting all populations across the African continent. This migration predates the 'Eurasian backflow' event and shares genetic similarities with Early Neolithic farmers who brought agriculture to Europe.
John L. Butler, Chief Scientist at Image Acoustics, Inc., received the Acoustical Society of America's Silver Medal in Engineering Acoustics for advancing acoustic transducer and transducer array design. The award recognizes contributions to the advancement of science through acoustic principles.
A recent case series highlights the risk of EpiPen-related injuries in children, particularly thigh lacerations and embedded needles. The study recommends improving product design and instructions for use to reduce these risks, citing a safer alternative device as Auvi-Q.
A study discovered six metabolites in the blood that strongly correlate with kidney function. Two of these metabolites, pseudouridine and C-mannosyltryptophan, are equally effective measures of kidney function as creatinine, offering potential improvements in diagnosing chronic kidney disease.
Researchers found that patients who underwent surgery for abdominal metastases lived nearly 2.5 times longer than those treated with drug therapy alone, with an average survival of 18 months compared to seven months. Surgical resection may even offer a cure in certain patients, especially when combined with immunotherapy.
Research found that psoriasis patients had high levels of blood vessel inflammation, even at low cardiovascular risk. The most extensive forms of psoriasis were associated with a 51% increase in blood vessel inflammation.
Researchers found that polyamine supplementation reverses slowed circadian clocks in aging mice, opening new possibilities for nutritional interventions. The discovery has potential implications for age-related diseases such as cancer and Alzheimer's disease.
A new paper published in Science reveals that Mars had a more massive atmosphere billions of years ago and a wet climate, with long-lived lakes filling Gale Crater. The discovery contradicts existing climate models and sheds light on the planet's ancient past, similar to the resolution of Earth's continental drift puzzle.
Researchers at the University of York have discovered a specific sodium channel, Nav1.5, that indicates cancer cells and affects tumor growth rates in breast cancer patients. The study found higher levels of Nav1.5 in tumour cells compared to normal breast tissue.
A new study published in BMC Medicine found that dying at home is associated with a similar amount of pain compared to hospital deaths, and reduced grief for relatives. The study highlights the importance of access to comprehensive home care packages and facilitation of family caregiving.
Dr. Ronald Oudiz, a renowned researcher at LA BioMed, is being recognized for his pioneering work in the pulmonary hypertension field. His contributions have led to significant advancements in understanding and treating this potentially fatal disease.
Researchers found that infected cells in breast tissues could transmit the influenza virus from mothers to breast-feeding infants and vice versa using a ferret model. The study also showed that mammary glands can harbor live influenza virus and produce it in milk.
A recent study on diving beetles found that globally, these animals have evolved towards a small number of regularly-spaced body sizes, indicating functional similarity among species. This suggests that evolution drives self-organizing processes into clusters of functionally similar groups.
The journal published a Special Focus issue documenting advancements in oncology since its debut in 2005. Review articles cover topics such as immunotherapy and stereotactic body radiotherapy, providing insights into the latest scientific and clinical issues in cancer research.
Researchers identified calcium channel blockers and antibodies blocking IL-17A as potential treatments for parathyroid hormone-driven bone loss. Elevated levels of IL-17A are seen in autoimmune diseases like psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, and Crohn's disease, which sometimes involve bone loss as a secondary symptom.
A genome-wide association study has identified subtle genetic changes that affect the immune response to common viruses. The study found correlations between genetic variations and immune responses to four viruses: influenza A, Epstein-Barr, JC polyomavirus, and Merkel cell polyomavirus.
A new study suggests that chronic dehydration caused by global climate change may be responsible for the Mesoamerican Nephropathy epidemic, which has killed over 20,000 people. The disease is most prevalent among manual laborers on sugar cane plantations in Central America.
The awards provide $50,000 grants to support research projects and leadership development for early-career women chemists. The program aims to address the 'polycarbonate ceiling' in STEM, where women face obstacles advancing their careers.
Researchers at the Buck Institute have identified 238 genes that, when removed, increase the replicative lifespan of yeast cells. The study also reveals a link between these genes and caloric restriction, DNA damage control, and age-extending pathways in higher organisms.
Researchers at Carnegie Mellon University found that individuals with dyslexia struggle to learn complex auditory categories through procedural learning, which may be an effect of the condition. This suggests that difficulty processing speech may be an outcome of dyslexia rather than its underlying cause.
A new study published in Biology Letters found that changing walking speeds can burn up to 20% more calories than maintaining a steady pace. The research measured the metabolic cost of varying speeds and found that even small changes in speed can significantly impact calorie burn.
Professor Yang-Hann Kim has been awarded the Rossing Prize for his contributions to acoustics education, including teaching and textbook writing. He is recognized for his work on sound visualization and manipulation, which enables the creation of private sound zones.
Gershow's lab will study how fruit fly larvae use the sense of smell to seek out or avoid odor sources using light to read and control individual neurons. The project aims to address broader questions about brain decision-making and sensory input, involving undergraduates and outreach programs.
A new study shows that surgical removal of abdominal metastases can significantly improve overall survival for patients with stage IV melanoma. In this comprehensive study of over 1,600 patients, surgeons found that surgical resection provided a median survival time of 18 months compared to seven months for nonsurgical patients.
Researchers found a clear age effect in human children's ability to use tools, with 2-year-olds struggling but improving by 4 years old. In contrast, nonhuman primates rely on their sense of touch, known as haptic senses, to complete spatial reasoning tasks.
Researchers have created the first three-dimensional image of the Trib1 protein, which plays a vital role in controlling protein degradation and balancing levels in cells. This discovery could help develop new drugs to treat cancers such as acute myeloid leukaemia by blocking overproduction of Trib1.
Researchers found that a humanized mouse model of gluten sensitivity showed increased immune responses and gut damage when exposed to gluten, but protection was seen in mice with a balanced microbiome. The study suggests that microbial imbalance may contribute to the development of celiac disease.
New data from Curiosity rover finds ancient lakes in Gale crater were stable for 100-10,000 years, providing insights into Mars' past water patterns and climate. The study suggests that the lakes could have supported life for extended periods, raising hopes for finding signs of life on the Red Planet.
A new analysis identified illogical thoughts as most predictive of schizophrenia risk in teens experiencing attenuated psychosis symptoms. Suspiciousness and unusual thought content were found to be the most informative symptoms, while perceptual disturbances - common features of schizophrenia - were not predictive.
Researchers identify Sestrin2 as a highly specific leucine sensor that activates the mTORC1 pathway upon binding, promoting cell growth. The discovery suggests potential therapeutic applications for treating diseases such as aging, muscle atrophy, and insulin-related disorders.
Researchers at ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science have created wearable structures that detect human movement using knitted and braided fibres. The fabrics can also store energy required to power such functions, enabling new applications in sports training and rehabilitation.
Researchers have successfully created stable arrays of magnetic skyrmions at room temperature, a breakthrough that could lead to the development of nonvolatile magnetic memory storage. The discovery opens up new possibilities for electronic devices and potentially reduces energy costs.
Researchers have developed a new technique to create brain cells directly from skin samples, retaining age-related signatures. This breakthrough enables scientists to study the effects of aging on the brain without relying on animal models or stem cell reprogramming.
A team of scientists at the University of the Basque Country has successfully simulated actions that contradict the fundamental laws of quantum physics in a laboratory setting. Using trapped atoms, they have reproduced symmetry operations previously thought to be impossible in the atomic world.
Researchers find that leptin directly activates aldosterone production in the adrenal glands, leading to increased blood pressure and cardiovascular problems. Targeting aldosterone with existing drugs like spironolactone may help prevent cardiovascular disease in obese individuals.
New research shows that candle soot can be used to power the lithium batteries in electric cars, offering a cost-effective and scalable solution. The discovery opens up possibilities for using carbon in more powerful batteries, which could drive down production costs and increase efficiency.