Researchers have been focusing on long-term solutions, but Levy argues that new approaches are needed to prevent infection and disease. He highlights six questions that deserve more attention, including the role of innate immune response, CD8+ T cells, and strategies for an HIV vaccine and cure.
Researchers found that chronic drinking is associated with higher CYP2E1 and CYP2U1 protein expression in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and amygdala (AMG), particularly in the AMG. This could lead to interactions between metabolism of drugs and endogenous substrates, altering drug response and brain physiology.
Researchers found children with high self-control had 40% less time unemployed as adults, highlighting early life self-control as a powerful predictor of job success. Long-term benefits include increased employment rates and productivity.
Scientists at UiT The Arctic University of Norway have discovered a new source of methane in the Arctic Ocean, abiotic methane formed by chemical reactions in the oceanic crust. This finding challenges previous assumptions about the origin of methane and suggests vast systems of methane hydrate throughout the Arctic.
Researchers found that Veterans Health Administration patients managed by pharmacists who educated and monitored them showed improved adherence rates. Pharmacist-led patient management was key to this success, involving regular education and follow-up to ensure medication was taken as prescribed.
A team of scientists using NASA's WISE observatory has found no evidence of advanced extraterrestrial life in 100,000 galaxies. The study searched for signs of highly advanced civilizations in mid-infrared wavelengths, a radiation detectable by the satellite.
Researchers at TSRI find that nicotine exposure promotes alcohol dependence in rat models, with those exposed to both nicotine and alcohol showing rapid escalation of drinking behavior and compulsive consumption.
The Centre for Operations Excellence at UBC Sauder School wins the prestigious UPS George D. Smith Prize for its effective and innovative preparation of students in operations research practice. The prize aims to emphasize the importance of operations research practice and encourage programs worldwide to focus on preparing students.
Scientists at MIT created a new cancer therapy that activates both the innate and adaptive immune systems to attack tumors. The treatment combines an antibody drug with IL-2, which boosts immune responses, resulting in complete tumor disappearance in 80-90% of mice.
INFORMS awards Chevron its annual INFORMS Prize for its long history of applying analytics and O.R. to various aspects of the energy company, enabling data-driven decisions that improve safety, reliability, efficiency, and resource recovery.
A new study found that parents' country of origin influences the risk of stillbirth in Canada, with higher risks seen for couples from Nigeria, Portugal, Jamaica, and Guyana. Genetic factors may contribute to this increased risk, although environmental factors also play a role.
Researchers compared long-term survival, stroke, reoperation, and bleeding events after bioprosthetic vs mechanical prosthetic mitral valve replacement among 3,433 patients. They found no significant difference in survival at 15 years, but significant differences in risk of reoperation, bleeding, and stroke between the two groups.
Researchers at the University of Sheffield suggest that deep borehole disposal could dispose of all UK's high-level nuclear waste in just six boreholes, 5km deep. The concept has several advantages over current solutions, including reduced construction costs, easier site selection, and lower environmental impact.
A new Kaiser Permanente study found that children whose mothers developed gestational diabetes by the 26th week of pregnancy had a 63% increased risk of being diagnosed with an autism spectrum disorder. The study also found that early screening for autism in children of women with gestational diabetes may be warranted.
A study published in PLOS Medicine proposes a multi-stage approach to testing Ebola treatments, which may be quicker than traditional randomized trials while still providing robust results. This alternative design could potentially triage treatments faster and recommend them without further RCTs under certain circumstances.
A Phase 2 study found that the experimental antibody anti-LINGO-1 significantly improved conduction in people with acute optic neuritis, a common precursor to multiple sclerosis. The treatment also led to improved recovery of myelin, a fatty substance surrounding nerves damaged in MS.
Researchers Luigi D'Ascenzo and Pascal Auffinger classify 17 carboxyl(ate) motifs in crystal structures using stereochemical considerations. They provide a systematic naming system and implications for crystal engineering, pharmaceutical research, and biomolecular sciences.
A new method to simulate soiling and weathering processes has been approved by ASTM International, reducing product rating time from three years to just three days. This allows for the introduction of high-performance cool roofs worldwide.
Researchers from the University of Texas at Austin found that Typhoon Haiyan's storm surge contaminated two aquifers on the island of Samar, with one taking up to 10 years to recover. The study highlights the need for strategies to mitigate groundwater contamination in coastal areas affected by climate change.
Researchers identify JAK/STAT3 cell signaling pathway as driver of ALK-negative anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL), a particularly aggressive form of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Compounds targeting this pathway show promise in inhibiting disease progression, offering new hope for effective treatments.
Aerospace engineers at MIT have developed a carbon nanotube film that can heat and solidify composites without massive ovens, using only 1% of the energy. The technique has been tested on common carbon-fiber materials and found to produce composites with similar properties as traditionally manufactured materials.
Researchers found that infected ants clean themselves more frequently but restrict allogrooming with healthy group members. This self-restriction helps contain the pathogen's spread in the ant colony, benefiting all social animals under epidemic threat.
Benjamin C. Jantzen wins NSF CAREER Award to study enabling machines to carry out scientific research on their own. His approach, Dynamical Kinds Theory, aims to create a robot scientist by developing computer algorithms that can automatically choose relevant variables for investigation.
A new study suggests that injecting stem cells into the eye may preserve vision in people with early-stage age-related macular degeneration. The treatment, which uses adult-derived human cells, has shown promise in laboratory rats and could potentially be used to slow or reverse the effects of the disease.
A study by Case Western Reserve researchers found that low-intensity service participation can reduce relapse rates among socially anxious youths with substance addiction. Service activities, such as setting up chairs or making coffee, facilitate the transition back into the community and cut the risk of relapse approximately in half.
The MESSENGER spacecraft is using its altimeter instrument to help with navigation during close approaches to Mercury's surface. The team is using the altimeter's precise measurements of distance from the spacecraft to the surface to assess the accuracy of their orbit predictions.
Researchers have discovered a new biomarker, ASRGL1, that can identify women with uterine cancer at high risk of recurrence. The study found that patients with low levels of ASRGL1 had a higher risk of recurrence and died from the disease.
Researchers discovered that Salmonella lowers its cytoplasmic pH in response to acidic environments, triggering the secretion of virulence proteins. This low-pH signal activates an intracellular cascade that induces the formation of a nanomachine used for injecting virulence proteins into host cells.
A recent paper by University of South Carolina paleoceanographer Kelly Gibson shows that rapid climate change affected marine ecosystems in the Cariaco Basin, a body of water off Venezuela's coast. The study used nitrogen isotope ratios to estimate changes in primary productivity and carbon sequestration in the ocean.
A study found that data breaches of protected health information (PHI) reported by HIPAA-covered entities increased from 214 in 2010 to 265 in 2013, affecting 29.1 million records. Most breaches occurred via electronic media or theft.
San Diego State University researchers have developed a platform to identify drugs that interrupt viral proliferation, using dengue virus as an example. A novel drug, Thiostrepton, was identified which may someday be used to combat the disease.
Researchers at Ohio State University have developed a new automated treadmill that uses sonar to change speeds automatically, mimicking the experience of running outdoors. The device provides an accurate measure of aerobic capacity and has been shown to improve VO2 max scores by 4-7% compared to standard treadmills.
A traditional herb-derived remedy has been combined with two plants to create an antimalarial tea, which has been licensed and sold as a treatment for malaria in West Africa. The medication, derived from Cochlospermum planchonii, Phyllanthus amarus, and Cassia alata, was traditionally used to alleviate malarial symptoms.
Researchers have developed a graphene-based photodetector capable of converting absorbed light into an electrical voltage in less than 50 femtoseconds. The device utilizes ultrafast pulse-shaped laser excitation and highly sensitive electrical readout to achieve this ultrafast conversion.
Dartmouth researchers have identified a specific temperature that stimulates an antitumor immune response, which resists metastatic disease. Using iron nanoparticles and alternating magnetic fields, they found that temperatures of 43 degrees centigrade trigger the systemic immune response.
Researchers at UC Davis are receiving $5 million in grants from the US Department of Agriculture's National Institute of Food and Agriculture. The funding will be used to develop new technologies and methods to prevent cross-contamination in produce processing, identify genetic traits of lactic acid bacteria found on fruits and vegetab...
Researchers found that honokiol reduces excess growth of cardiac muscle cells, decreases ventricular wall thickness, and protects heart muscle cells from oxidative stress. Honokiol activates SIRT3, a protective protein associated with delayed aging, stress resistance, and metabolic regulation.
Hippos' organic matter provides essential nutrients to river fish and aquatic insects, highlighting the ecological importance of hippos in river ecosystems. The study's findings are crucial for understanding the impact of climate change and human development on hippo populations and entire food webs.
Research by Dr Keelin Howard found that Facebook can provide social support and connection for recovery from mental health problems. However, excessive or problematic use can exacerbate symptoms of paranoia, anxiety, and depression. Participants developed strategies to protect their mental well-being on the platform.
A UCLA study found that 77% of California physicians understand the basics of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, with 59% supporting it. The survey also revealed a correlation between doctors' political affiliations and medical specialties.
Lorne Tyrrell, a renowned virologist, has been awarded the 2015 Killam Prize for Health Sciences for his groundbreaking work on viral hepatitis. His research has led to the development of an effective treatment for hepatitis B and is being continued in efforts to create a vaccine for hepatitis C.
A study published in Clinical Toxicology found that US poisonings are underreported by 60-90%, with charges approaching $8 billion annually. Alcohol and illicit drug use were the most common reasons for hospital visits.
While some health apps have shown promise in improving weight loss and physical activity, others have yielded conflicting results. Iltifat Husain argues that doctors should recommend tested and validated apps to help people stay healthy. Des Spence cautions that many health apps are untested and may even cause anxiety and medical harm.
Research reveals suppression of brain area responsible for object recognition by that for face recognition is necessary for 'normal' face recognition. Mathematical simulation shows neural networks between brain areas are essential for 'normal' face recognition, potentially shedding light on disorders like developmental prosopagnosia.
Research suggests that probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG modifies the activity of other gut bacteria, fostering a healthy immune system and promoting several species of beneficial microbes. The discovery could lead to more effective strategies for maintaining a balanced gut ecosystem.
Researchers at the University of Washington are using an investigational Medtronic device to develop a new deep brain stimulation system for treating essential tremor. The system aims to increase battery life, reduce side effects, and allow patients to adjust their stimulation voluntarily.
A recent study found that organic farming systems provide greater economic value than conventional systems, with ecosystem services like pest control and nitrogen release generating higher profits. The research suggests that government incentives or market rewards can encourage the adoption of sustainable practices in agriculture.
Researchers observed four colliding galaxies and found a lag between dark matter and its associated galaxy, suggesting that dark matter interacts with forces other than gravity. This discovery could be the first evidence for rich physics in the dark sector, helping scientists better understand dark matter's nature.
Researchers used X-ray fluorescence to visualize structural damage in lithium-ion batteries due to fast charging cycles, leading to reduced storage capacity. The study found that even a few charging cycles cause damage to the inner structure of the battery material.
A comprehensive literature review shows lower rates of breastfeeding initiation and continuation among minority women compared to White women. Ob/gyns can use data to support breastfeeding in clinical practices and public policy, helping to overcome cultural and social factors that affect minority women's decisions.
A new study from Duke University Medical Center reveals that divorced women are nearly twice as likely to have a heart attack compared to stably-married peers. The study also found that the cumulative effect of divorce can have a lasting imprint on people's health, with women facing worse outcomes than men after divorce.
The LOCUST program demonstrates autonomous collaborative behavior in defensive or offensive missions using information-sharing between UAVs. The technology enables swarms of compact UAVs to take off from various platforms, providing a cost-effective and reduced-risk combat power multiplication.
Researchers used 3D printing to create artificial flowers, one curved and one flat, to investigate how flower shape affects foraging behavior in hawkmoths. The study found that hawkmoths fed more successfully from the curved flowers, suggesting they use touch rather than sight to find nectar.
The World Health Organization has announced a new statement on the public disclosure of clinical trial results, including timelines for researchers to report their findings. The new statement aims to ensure that all interventional clinical trials are reported and publicly disclosed.
Researchers from Concordia University investigate how an after-school program in Quebec uses social media to revolutionize learning for at-risk youth. Students engage with artist-educators on multimedia projects, developing professional skills and building self-expression through digital arts and new media.
A large study found a significant association between intrauterine exposure to gestational diabetes and an increased risk of autism spectrum disorders in offspring. Maternal pre-existing type 2 diabetes was not significantly associated with this risk.
A new study provides an accurate description of citrus evolution, tracing the genus back to a single common ancestor and identifying six genes driving genetic variation. The research also sheds light on the emergence of popular citrus species like mandarins and lemons.
A large-scale genome-wide association study found that men whose fathers had liver disease are more likely to develop alcoholic cirrhosis. The study, published in Alcoholism: Clinical & Experimental Research, suggests that genetic factors may play a role in this increased risk.
The Lantana camara species complex's unresolved composition is a major impediment to its effective management. The complex's high diversity and rapid adaptive evolution make it challenging to identify and predict invasiveness.
Washington State University researchers have developed a new method to create polyurethane using plant oils, offering a more environmentally friendly alternative to traditional polyurethane. The new method allows for the creation of materials with varying flexibility and stiffness, making it suitable for a range of applications., Resea...