Scientists discovered that the size of particles doesn't matter for ring formation and that the abundance of larger particles drops off due to surface forces. The team's model showed that the size distribution in planetary rings is universal, supporting a hypothesis that it follows the same laws as Saturn's rings.
A workgroup published five primary recommendations to maximize health information exchange value in emergency departments, including physician involvement and standardized data elements. Seven secondary recommendations aimed to improve HIE for emergency physicians, focusing on data quality and access.
Researchers developed a biosensor to measure Mitochondrial Pyruvate Carrier (MPC) activity in malignant cells, finding low MPC activity compared to healthy cells. Treating cancer cells with a new compound restored normal MPC activity, suggesting the carrier's dysfunction is responsible for its inactivity.
Researchers developed software to analyze colors and patterns as animals see them, useful for studying animal and plant signaling, camouflage, and predation. The software converts digital photos to animal vision, providing a user-friendly solution for scientists.
A recent study found that sex differences in mate preferences are much larger than previously appreciated and stable across cultures. Men generally favor younger, physically attractive mates, while women seek older, financially secure partners. These findings highlight the significant role of gender in shaping human mating behavior.
Women with early-stage breast cancer who receive a shorter course of whole breast radiation therapy experience less toxicity and improved quality of life compared to those who undergo a longer course of treatment. The study suggests that hypofractionated treatment should be considered as a starting point for discussion between patients...
Scientists used Darwinian selection to evolve robot controllers that enable efficient self-organization of tasks. The new method allows the evolution of complex behaviors, surpassing previous complexity achieved in swarm robotics.
Researchers have developed a yeast model to investigate a gene mutation that causes massive DNA damage and allows cells to continue dividing. The study reveals how cells ignore genetic damage and form micronuclei, which are commonly found in cancer cells.
Researchers have identified a protein, NFIX, that promotes the differentiation of neural stem cells into oligodendrocytes, a type of glial cell crucial for protecting neurons. This finding has implications for the development of stem cell-based therapies for brain injury and demyelinating diseases.
A preclinical study found that a new Ebola vaccine, VSV-EBOV, provides complete protection against the disease when given 7 days before infection in macaques. The vaccine also induces a strong innate immune response, helping to limit virus replication and eventually clearing the virus.
University at Buffalo chemist Jason Benedict is investigating why light-activated MOF crystals lose their sponging capabilities over time. He hopes his research will provide insight into how scientists can extend the crystals' lives and utilize them for future high-tech applications.
Researchers have found two different types of fat cells in bone marrow, regulated and constitutive, which store different types of fat molecules. The discovery paves the way for more research on how marrow fat influences the body and its role in diseases like osteoporosis.
A new letter published in the journal Science suggests that a controversial terminal project in the Skeena River estuary poses far-reaching risks, including harm to juvenile salmon populations. The study found that the proposed development area supports unusually high abundances of juvenile salmon from over 40 populations.
Researchers have discovered that protein Hsp90 triggers cancer cell metabolism, providing a potential therapeutic target. The modified protein is toxic to cells in neurodegenerative disorders but acts as a pro-survival agent in tumor cells.
A new method developed by Empa researchers could lead to the production of biodegradable motorcycle helmets made from carrot waste fibers. The 'MPAS' approach assesses market potential and ecological impact, identifying six possible customer segments for the Scottish manufacturer Cellucomp.
A $1.3 million grant from AHRQ supports a demonstration project to track and analyze data on pharmacies' naloxone rescue kit distribution to develop best practices for a national program. The study aims to increase naloxone distribution in Massachusetts and Rhode Island to combat opioid addiction and overdose.
A new study by American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons finds that imaging studies necessary to diagnose traumatic injuries in pregnant women are generally safe. The radiation doses from these studies are well below thresholds considered risky. However, multiple scans and repeated exposure increase the likelihood of a harmful effect.
Two studies found hypofractionated radiation therapy to have substantially lower rates of acute and short-term toxic effects compared to conventionally fractionated therapy, with improved patient-reported outcomes. The treatment also showed comparable tumor control and lower costs.
A new genus of water mites has been discovered in the Brazilian Atlantic rainforest, with the species found only in bromeliad tank environments. The research reveals that these mites are top predators in their aquatic microcosms.
The study provides the first complete account of the Gorkha earthquake's physical process, revealing a contained rupture at depth. The findings suggest that while the earthquake did not cause widespread destruction, it increased stress on an adjacent portion of the fault, potentially leading to future earthquakes.
Researchers at UC Santa Barbara improve a small molecule called siderophore cyclic trichrysobactin (CTC) to create an adhesive that sticks well in aqueous environments. The discovery reveals the importance of lysine and catechol in creating a favorable environment for adhesion.
A new model suggests that wealthy countries' ability to mitigate flood risks through investments will be unsustainable in the long term. As a result, they may experience similar flood risk levels as developing countries.
Researchers at Ben-Gurion University are developing a comprehensive Zero Plus system to reduce community energy usage and achieve Net Zero Energy (NZE) status. The system aims to minimize energy costs by optimizing energy generation and management in buildings, with the goal of achieving an average reduction of 0-20 kWh/m2 per year.
Researchers found that massive storm systems can cause devastating tsunami-type waves, like in Typhoon Haiyan. The 'surf beat' phenomenon occurs when long wave groups approach shallow areas, breaking and transporting water onshore.
Scientists at Scripps Research Institute have discovered a bacterial enzyme that can degrade nicotine, offering a potential alternative to smoking cessation aids. The enzyme, NicA2 from Pseudomonas putida, has shown promising characteristics for drug development, including stability in lab settings and minimal toxic byproducts.
A new study from Binghamton University reveals that women experience more emotional pain following a breakup, with an average rating of 6.84, compared to men's 6.58. However, women tend to recover more fully and come out emotionally stronger than men, who never fully recover but simply move on.
Researchers at UNR are developing software to connect autonomous vehicles with NASA's traffic management system for safe low-altitude operations. The University is part of the first phase of the NASA UTM project to enable safer drone delivery and humanitarian applications.
Researchers discovered fundamental differences in brain formation between children with childhood-onset schizophrenia and their siblings, revealing similar delays in brain connectivity that normalize over time. This finding opens up new avenues for developing treatment approaches with fewer side effects.
Research presented at the American Psychological Association's convention found that participants who attended more face-to-face meetings had greater success in achieving and maintaining sobriety. Online support groups on Facebook did not show similar results, with participants reporting a higher likelihood of dishonesty online.
A phase 1 trial demonstrates the safety and effectiveness of resiquimod gel in treating early-stage cutaneous T cell lymphoma, causing regression of both treated and untreated tumor lesions. The treatment also enhances immune response, leading to healing of even untreated lesions.
Researchers developed a fly model to study age-dependent neurodegeneration at single cell resolution, identifying three genes involved in the process. The findings have relevance for understanding ALS progression and could lead to therapies for neurodegenerative diseases.
Researchers at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center have identified a novel genetic biomarker responsible for the progression of breast and prostate cancers. This discovery may aid clinicians in identifying patients who will respond better to common chemotherapy drugs that target aggressive forms of cancer.
Researchers have discovered that cathelicidins, antimicrobial peptides produced by gut bacteria, play a crucial role in preventing the development of type 1 diabetes. By re-establishing a normal level of cathelicidin in diabetic mice, scientists were able to suppress autoimmune disease.
A LA BioMed researcher is launching a study of medication adherence among dialysis patients, aiming to improve patient health outcomes. The researcher will examine the factors contributing to non-adherence and its impact on cardiovascular disease risk.
Researchers found that injecting specific adult fat tissue cells early after Chagas Disease infection can modify the animal's response, reducing parasite presence and heart inflammation. The study aims to explore the use of these cells as a potential treatment for cardiac damage caused by the disease.
Researchers found that high blood sugar molecules can weaken the body's natural defenses against infections. Dicarbonyls, breakdown products of glucose, interfere with antimicrobial peptides that fight inflammation and infection. This discovery could contribute to developing new treatments for people with uncontrolled diabetes.
A study published in JAMA Ophthalmology has found associations between lower blood manganese levels and higher blood mercury levels with a greater risk of glaucoma diagnosis. The research suggests that trace metals may play a role in the pathogenesis of glaucoma, and future investigations could explore potential neuroprotective effects.
PEDSnet, a national clinical research network co-led by Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, combines big data with family engagement to address concerns important to families. The network aims to pool data and expertise from multiple centers to more quickly translate discoveries into better outcomes for children.
A James Cook University study found that redthroat emperor fish retreat to deeper water in response to warmer temperatures. The species, commercially important for fisheries, may need to be redirected due to the shift in their habitat.
A new article from the American College of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology recommends using epinephrine for all severe allergic reactions, regardless of symptom certainty. Experts stress that delays can have severe consequences, making epinephrine the most effective tool in combatting anaphylaxis.
Research reveals a strong link between kidney impairment and decreased blood flow to the brain, increasing the risk of stroke and dementia. Poor kidney function was strongly related to decreased blood flow to the brain, with the strongest association seen in participants with decreased blood flow.
Aging is shown to cripple the production of new immune cells, decreasing the immune response. Antioxidants in the diet may slow this process, suggesting a key role for antioxidants in mitigating age-related immune decline.
Researchers developed a 'reusable holdout' tool to identify meaningful correlations in adaptive data analysis. The algorithm, tested on two rigged datasets, correctly identified true statistical significance and eliminated false discoveries.
The Hiroshima Archive is a pluralistic digital repository of materials contributed by institutions and individuals, featuring video interviews with A-bomb survivors, photographs, and other records. The archive provides insight into the reality of the atomic bombing in Hiroshima.
A new study suggests that domestic violence coalitions can be effective in reducing intimate partner violence, with the potential to improve mental and physical health outcomes for those affected. The research highlights the importance of addressing prevention from a community perspective, rather than just supporting survivors.
Researchers tested transgenic mice and rabbits for susceptibility to prions from various species, revealing that rabbits are susceptible to TSE after exposure to prions from other animals. The studies also showed that rabbit PRNP gene and its normal PrPC protein product do not provide absolute resistance to prion disease.
Researchers at the University of Toronto found that an abnormal immune response between neutrophils and cancer cells drives oral cancer metastasis. This connection may lead to targeted immunotherapies to shut down the abnormal response.
A new study from the University of Toronto found that adults with ulcerative colitis were twice as likely to have childhood physical or sexual abuse, with one-quarter reporting physical abuse and one-fifth reporting sexual abuse. The study also found no association between childhood maltreatment and Crohn's disease.
A McGill University study found that insecticides can alter the behavior of individual spiders, including their ability to capture prey and explore new territories. The effects on male and female spiders were also distinct, with females being more affected in their ability to capture prey.
Research by the University of Liverpool found that those who recognize they are overweight are more likely to experience weight gain than those unaware of their weight status. This is due to increased overeating in response to stress, making it challenging to adopt healthier lifestyles.
BIDMC researchers have discovered a novel vitamin B3 pathway that regulates liver metabolism and improves metabolic health. The study found that nicotinamide N-methyltransfersase (NNMT) plays a key role in this pathway, increasing Sirt1 protein levels and suppressing triglyceride and cholesterol synthesis.
Sandra Petersen will lead a pilot mentoring network for underrepresented minority faculty women in STEM at 20 Northeast institutions. The program aims to provide networking opportunities and problem-solving sessions to address issues of isolation, marginalization, and self-confidence.
A study published in Annals of Emergency Medicine found that only 77% of patients accurately assessed their ability to perform tasks after visiting emergency departments. This highlights the need for direct assessments rather than relying on patient statements about abilities.
Researchers found a unique insight into megathrust earthquakes through GPS data and radar measurements. The study revealed a pulse-like rupture that occurred over six seconds, with an extremely fast rupture velocity of approximately 3.2km/s.
A team of Johns Hopkins researchers has discovered a novel cell signaling pathway that enables mammals to regenerate hair follicles and skin after wounds. The protein TLR3 plays a crucial role in this process, and medications targeting this protein may help promote healing and reduce scarring.
Researchers at UNC School of Medicine discovered that a single genetic mutation disables a molecular switch in the UBE3A gene, leading to hyperactivation and abnormal brain development. This finding has implications for diagnosing and treating autism, particularly for individuals with Dup15q syndrome.
Researchers discovered TDP-43 normally prevents unwanted RNA stretches from being used by nerve cells. When TDP-43 accumulates, it malfunctions, leading to a cascade of events that kills brain or spinal cord cells.
Researchers at Helmholtz Zentrum München found that Metformin decreases LDL cholesterol levels in Type 2 diabetes patients by regulating genes and metabolites involved in the AMPK pathway. The study suggests a potential additional beneficial effect of Metformin on cardiovascular diseases.
A new fleshbelly frog species, N. madreselva, has been discovered in the Peruvian cloud forest, characterized by its striking coloration and limited distribution. The species is threatened by deforestation, diseases, and agricultural activities, emphasizing the need for conservation efforts to protect amphibian biodiversity.
A new family of glycerol transporters has been discovered in insects, which may have enabled their dominance on Earth. The transporters, called entomoglyceroporins, have a higher ability for glycerol transport than other channels, suggesting they played a key role in insects' success.