A recent study found that older adults who followed the MIND diet more rigorously showed equivalent cognitive abilities to those 7.5 years younger, suggesting a potential delay of dementia's onset. The MIND diet emphasizes brain-healthy food groups and limits unhealthy foods, with berries being a key component.
A large observational study found that regular consumption of spicy foods is associated with a lower risk of death, particularly from cancer and heart disease. Participants who ate spicy foods almost every day had a 14% lower risk of death compared to those who consumed them less than once a week.
Scientists have discovered how earthworms digest plant material despite toxic chemicals produced by plants. The discovery highlights the importance of drilodefensins, molecules in the earthworm gut that counteract plant defenses.
A randomized clinical trial found that screening women for partner violence and providing a resource list did not reduce hospitalizations or emergency department visits. The study also did not find improvements in quality of life or the recurrence of partner violence after one year.
A study describes general structure of scavenger communities worldwide, revealing that birds dominate consumption with 65.8% frequency, while mammals and large predators also play key roles in structuring these communities. The findings highlight the global impact of human activities on biodiversity and ecosystem functioning.
Exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals, psychological stress and malnutrition may alter gene expression and lead to increased risk of cognitive disorders, obesity and metabolic diseases. The preconception period is a sensitive developmental window, emphasizing the need for universal healthy starts for children.
Researchers discovered KLF4's pivotal role in controlling mitochondrial biology, which produces energy for cells. The study found that a lack of KLF4 leads to reduced energy production, particularly problematic in the heart, leading to heart failure and death.
A new strain of yeast has been discovered that can effectively remove toxic substances from wastewater. Yarrowia lipolytica Y-3492 was found to be highly active against nitro compounds, including those used in explosives and certain medications.
Researchers at Rutgers University have recreated a classic tomato variety thought to be lost to history, combining nostalgic flavor with modern durability. The new Rutgers tomato boasts improved flavor, earlier ripening, higher yield, and resistance to cracking, making it perfect for home gardeners and farmers alike.
Researchers discovered that Listeria monocytogenes can grow on refrigerated smoked salmon by utilizing different metabolic pathways than those used in laboratory media. This finding could lead to the development of inhibitors to control pathogen growth on foods and improve risk assessments.
Patients on triple therapy had the same rates of adverse cardiac events as dual therapy but experienced more complications and bleeding; researchers recommend reevaluating treatment regimens for this population.
The Galápagos penguin population has doubled over the past 30 years due to changes in wind currents and ocean temperatures. This expansion of the cold pool, where sea surface temperatures are below 22 degrees Celsius, has bolstered algae and fish numbers, supporting the penguin population.
Soldiers who served in Iraq and Afghanistan returned home with a higher risk of skin cancer, largely due to inadequate sun protection and lengthy daily sunlight exposure. The study found that only 13% of veterans routinely used sunscreen and 63% experienced at least one sunburn during deployment.
Researchers at McGill University discovered that a small cluster of brain cells in the cerebellum engage in elegant computations to quickly compare expected and actual sensory feedback. This allows neurons to rapidly readjust and form new patterns in the brain to accomplish tasks.
A model investigates optimal vaccination strategies to minimize cholera-related mortality and costs, considering seasonality in pathogen transmission. The study finds that effective vaccination can significantly reduce disease spread and associated expenses.
A Kansas State University study uses aggregated data to estimate detailed cattle movement and predict disease risk in the US. The research reveals a significant risk of disease infiltration, highlighting the need for more accurate epidemic models and animal movement parameters.
Researchers at Barts Cancer Institute have identified a three-protein 'signature' in urine that can accurately detect early-stage pancreatic cancer with over 90% accuracy. This discovery could lead to a simple and inexpensive test for high-risk individuals, improving survival rates.
According to a new study published in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology, women and black patients who experience a heart attack lose significantly more years of their expected life compared to white men. The researchers found that these disparities are not due to differences in comorbidities or treatment utilization.
A recent study found that dementia patients and caregivers prefer increased funding for caregiving support and resources over research for an Alzheimer's cure. The majority of respondents ranked financial resources for respite care, long-term care support, and advocacy as top priorities.
Astronauts' nutritional needs are crucial for long-duration space missions, as microgravity and radiation exposure impact health. NASA's Biochemical Profile project aims to understand the effects of spaceflight on nutrition and develop strategies to mitigate negative effects.
A 13-year study found that bushmeat sales rose steadily with economic growth, while unenforced environmental conservation laws led to increased hunting. The research highlights the need for strong governance and enforcement of wildlife protection laws to mitigate the impact of commercial hunting on threatened species.
A California study found that not-for-profit hospitals provided an average of 1.9% of operating costs for charity care, while for-profits spent 4.4% on bad debt and uncompensated care. The disparity highlights the need for clearer guidelines to ensure hospitals fulfill their community obligations.
Researchers review the use of pulse electric fields to boost biogas yield in anaerobic digestion, finding significant benefits in lab and pilot plant studies. The technology has shown promising results in enhancing gas production with minimal side effects on microbial communities.
A new study published in Molecular Cell identifies the precise trigger that causes melanoma cancer cells to transform into invasive killer agents, pinpointing a key role for 'Notch signaling' in this process. Understanding this mechanism may lead to new prevention and treatment strategies.
Scientists at MD Anderson Cancer Center discovered the critical role of fumarase enzyme in DNA repair, revealing a key mechanism for reversing genetic damage leading to cancer and therapy resistance. The study's findings have potential implications for developing new cancer treatments by inhibiting DNA-PKs and fumarase.
The study reveals that glaciers worldwide are melting at an unprecedented rate, losing half a meter to one meter of ice thickness every year. This is two to three times more than the average for the 20th century, with some glaciers in Norway having retreated by several kilometers from their maximum extents.
Super Typhoon Soudelor showed extreme rainfall rates with over 58 mm/hour on its southern side, as measured by NASA's GPM core satellite. The storm is predicted to intensify before making landfall in eastern China.
WSU researchers discover that environmental factors can prompt genetic mutations through epigenetics, changing our understanding of disease and evolution. The study found increased genetic mutations in offspring exposed to the fungicide vinclozolin, suggesting a more significant role for environment in driving intergenerational changes.
A Phase III trial shows the engineered clotting protein rvWF is safe and effective in controlling bleeding episodes in patients with severe vW disease. The protein increases naturally produced FVIII levels, reducing the need for additional infusions.
A new study by George Washington University researchers challenges the idea that early Homo genus evolved with an increase in body size. They found that early hominins were generally smaller than previously thought, and the increase in body size occurred later with H. erectus.
Researchers have devised a new approach to vaccines that creates immunity without standard approaches, offering a rapid solution to deadly diseases like dengue fever. The DMAb platform produces antibodies that do not bind to cell receptors, eliminating the chance for infection and disease.
Researchers found that mice with lower levels of EDNRB protein are more tolerant to hypoxia and better able to maintain cardiac function and oxygen delivery. This study suggests that EDNRB could be targeted to treat sea level diseases related to low oxygen, such as heart attack and stroke.
A randomized clinical trial of high-dose vitamin D supplementation in postmenopausal women found no benefits on bone mineral density, muscle function or falls. The study's results contradict some experts' recommendations for optimal serum vitamin D levels.
MIPT researchers have developed a new method to eliminate energy losses of surface plasmons in optical devices, paving the way for high-performance optoelectronic chips. By pumping extra energy into surface plasmon polaritons, they can compensate for propagation losses and increase integration density.
Researchers found that people form trait impressions of others' character, such as generosity, before considering material benefits. This study provides insights into how we learn about people through interactions and challenges existing scholarship on the role of reward value.
A Michigan State University study found that septic tanks are contaminating freshwater sources with fecal bacteria, threatening water quality and human health. The research used a novel source-tracking method to analyze 64 river systems in Michigan and identified areas with high numbers of septic systems as hotspots for pollution.
Researchers found that reminding skeptics about the importance of vaccines and the risks associated with not being vaccinated can change their attitudes positively. The study tested three groups of participants and showed that even the most skeptical individuals were influenced by the intervention.
The BioLEGO web application enables single and two-step multiorganism fermentation process design, maximizing feedstock conversion rates. It also evaluates possible biomass-to-product yields and recommends media changes to increase process efficacy.
Researchers designed a revolutionary high-throughput robotic platform to automate the process of generating patient-specific stem cells, reducing variability and increasing scale. This technology allows for 'clinical trials in a dish' and can identify potential drug metabolism and toxicity issues in human cells before clinical trials.
A study by the University of California, Davis found that ocean changes are affecting the survival rates of Coho and Chinook salmon, causing them to become more synchronized. This loss in biodiversity can't be addressed through freshwater management alone.
Researchers have created digital switches using graphene-nanotube hybrids, outperforming existing graphene-based switches. The material's lopsided band gaps create a potential barrier that stops electrons, enabling high-speed switching.
A proposed global vaccine-development fund could help make vaccines available for emergency use, saving thousands of lives. The fund would cover the financial burden of vaccine development, addressing barriers such as high costs, limited market potential and lack of government support.
Research reveals that low concentrations of 5α-dihydrotestosterone can induce complete or incomplete sex reversal in female Pelophylax nigromaculatus frogs. Environmental androgenic endocrine disrupting chemicals pose a threat to aquatic ecosystems, highlighting the need for increased regulation.
A study found that most major mammal groups in Africa tried grazing on grass around 2 million years ago, but some animals switched to browsing trees and shrubs or became extinct. The bovids, including cattle and antelopes, are the only group still mostly grazing on grass today.
A new microchip design captures circulating tumor cells for serial analysis, while a 3D hydrogel scaffold enables retrieval and in vitro growth promotion. The technology also facilitates xenograft models in immunodeficient mice, offering a promising approach to personalized cancer therapies.
A new study found that daily changes in mouse gut bacteria are linked to the internal clock and gender. The researchers analyzed circadian rhythms in abundance and type of microbiota in mice and found that female mice showed more significant oscillation than males.
A small tilt of magnets makes them viable memory chips, opening the door to a memory system that can be packed onto a microprocessor. This breakthrough could lead to computers that turn on instantly and operate with greater speed and significantly less power.
Research from North Carolina State University reveals that couples can manage financial uncertainty by seeking information, communicating effectively with their partner, and adapting to the situation. The study identifies four barriers to successful management: information barriers, communication barriers, time management barriers, and...
A study found that participants who mimicked a partner's dilated pupils were more likely to trust them in an investment game. The researchers suggest that group membership plays an important role in interpreting pupil signals, and that mimicry of dilating pupils is particularly beneficial in in-group interactions.
The study found that regional node irradiation had a marginal impact on overall survival for patients with stage I, II, or III breast cancer. This was accompanied by improved disease-free and distant-disease-free survival rates, but long-term radiation effects remain unknown.
Faculty from LSU and its partner universities will lead research efforts in advanced manufacturing technologies, including 3-D metal printing and multi-scale metal forming. The $20 million NSF grant will support the development of a national consortium promoting innovation and workforce development.
Researchers are monitoring drug resistance to HIV prevention drugs in sub-Saharan Africa through a $5 million initiative. The project aims to prevent new infections and develop cost-effective diagnostic plans.
Scientists at University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center identified EMT as a potential therapeutic target for reversing kidney disease and fibrosis. The study showed that inhibiting EMT in tubular epithelial cells can restore their health and function.
Researchers found that changing industry standards for maintenance therapy can maintain treatment responses and lower side effects. The study tested three dosing strategies: nightly dosing with 10mg, intermittent dosing with 10mg 3-5 days a week, or partial reinforcement through nightly pills with half placebo capsules.
ATF3 is a critical protein that helps repair DNA damage and prevent cancer. When cells experience stress, ATF3 binds to the Tip60 protein, promoting DNA repair and cell response. The study suggests that increasing ATF3 levels could lead to new cancer therapies.
Researchers discovered that CA125-negative tumor cells have an enhanced ability to repair their DNA and resist programmed cell death, making them dangerous. Combining chemotherapy with birinapant significantly improved disease-free survival in laboratory models of human ovarian cancer.
A study from Duke University Medical Center found that moderate and severe picky eating in children is linked to symptoms of anxiety, depression, and social issues. Children with selective eating behaviors showed increased symptoms of generalized anxiety at follow-up intervals.
Researchers found that gut microbes in mice exhibit a daily cycle, influencing circadian clock genes and metabolism. High-fat diets disrupt this cycle, leading to weight gain in mice.
Research identifies a key trouble spot in the brain that contributes to intellectual disability in Down syndrome, shedding light on disrupted brain networks. The study suggests therapies targeting these networks may be beneficial for future treatments.
Researchers found that marriage leads to a dramatic decrease in heavy drinking among young adults, particularly those with severe drinking issues. This 'marriage effect' may be due to role-incompatibility theory, which suggests that individuals must adapt their behavior to meet the demands of new roles like marriage.