A recent study has identified a face-selective region in the temporal cortex of dogs, which responds significantly to human and dog faces. The research suggests that this ability is hard-wired through cognitive evolution and may help explain dogs' sensitivity to human social cues.
A study by Rutgers marine biologist Malin Pinsky found that fast-growing fish species are more likely to experience dramatic population declines than slower-growing ones. Overfishing and climate variability were identified as major culprits, with some species collapsing to less than 10% of their historical levels.
The Journal of Endovascular Therapy publishes the latest update to TASC II guidelines for managing peripheral arterial disease (PAD), emphasizing an endovascular-first approach and expanded lesion classification. The updated guidelines address treatment decisions for complex anatomies and critical limb ischemia.
Despite decreases in homicide and assault rates, the US experiences over 16,000 homicides and 1.6 million nonfatal assaults annually; effective prevention strategies include parent and family-focused programs and early childhood education.
A new study found that bariatric surgeries alter the gut microbiome in ways that last for at least a decade, leading to sustained weight loss and improved metabolic health. The changes are specific to the surgery and not just a reflection of weight loss alone.
Researchers found that riding a horse increases the body's stress hormones and heart rate compared to simulator-based training, indicating a more complex movement experience for riders. This suggests that simulators could be an excellent preparation for beginners but may not fully replace traditional horseback riding.
Researchers at Texas A&M AgriLife Research have discovered a natural cocktail of four bacteriophages that can prevent and treat Pierce's disease in wine grapes. The phage treatment offers an alternative to pesticides for disease control, with promising results in both greenhouse experiments and field testing.
A recent study found that Medicaid dental coverage does not reduce emergency room visits for nontraumatic dental conditions in urban areas. Despite an adequate supply of dentists, patients struggle to find providers who accept Medicaid, leading to increased ER use.
A new Cancer Research UK study reveals that England's cancer survival rates remain lower than those of countries with similar healthcare systems, despite steady improvements. The study found five-year survival from breast cancer improved more in England than in four leading countries, but overall cancer survival was lowest in England.
Researchers found that wild bonobos produce a call type called 'peep' across various emotional states and situations, showing contextual flexibility. This ability has evolutionary roots that predate the emergence of human language, suggesting an early transition from fixed vocal signalling towards functional flexibility.
A randomized trial found that mindfulness-based stress reduction therapy resulted in greater improvement in self-reported PTSD symptom severity compared to present-centered group therapy. The study suggests that this type of intervention may be an acceptable alternative for veterans with poor adherence to existing treatments.
CU researchers call for improved firearm safety counseling by physicians, emphasizing respectful dialogue and cultural competence. They argue that physicians should reconsider their approach to discussing firearm safety with patients, acknowledging the diverse perspectives of gun owners.
Researchers from Concordia University and the University of Tennessee found that preserving natural habitats is crucial for maintaining bat populations. The study analyzed data from 9,552 hours of bat call recordings and found that bats need natural habitats to survive, even in highly modified agricultural landscapes.
Researchers found four common bee parasites dispersed via flowers, causing diseases such as lethargy, dysentery, and colony collapse. The study suggests planting more flowers can provide bees with options, reducing parasite spread.
Super Typhoon Soudelor has reached Category 5 status on the Saffir-Simpson Wind Scale, with sustained winds of near 155mph and a 12-nautical-mile-wide eye. The Joint Typhoon Warning Center predicts the storm to maintain its intensity for another 24 hours.
A modeling study predicts treating hypertension in China could prevent between 600,000 and 1,000,000 cardiovascular disease events annually. The intervention is projected to be borderline cost-effective, with costs ranging from $10,000 to $18,000 per quality-adjusted life year gained.
The current sequential election system results in the highest probability that the Condorcet winner is elected and the highest expected quality of the nominee. Sequential primaries allow voters to narrow down the field of contenders, avoiding vote-splitting among similar candidates.
A University of Exeter review highlights the dangers of relying on climate-based projections for crop pest distributions. Crop pests like the Colorado potato beetle have evolved rapidly to evade predictions, making it challenging to predict their future spread.
Joo H. Kim, an assistant professor at NYU Polytechnic School of Engineering, receives the 2015 Freudenstein/General Motors Young Investigator Award for advancing study on energy expenditure in robotic systems. His research focuses on developing systems to measure and analyze with unprecedented accuracy the energy expenditure of robots.
Researchers from Cardiff University identified a process in the brain that can help rescue lost memories or bury bad ones. They found that strong reminders can recover memories previously thought to be lost in rats.
Researchers from INSERM have successfully induced totipotent cells, capable of producing an entire embryo and placenta, in collaboration with the Max Planck Institute. The team discovered that down-regulating a protein complex called CAF1 leads to chromatin reprogramming into a less condensed state.
Researchers discovered insulin delivered via nasal cavity reaches affected brain areas, improving memory in a mouse model. The study suggests potential future treatments using gastrointestinal hormones like insulin to combat Alzheimer's disease.
A new study published in the Journal of Consumer Psychology reveals that remembering self-control failures can actually lead to repeated failure, rather than improved decision-making. The research found that recalling past successes is more effective in improving self-control, while recalling failures has a negative impact.
Researchers developed an animal model that replicates the imbalance of gut bacteria associated with malnutrition, a disease responsible for one-fifth of child deaths worldwide. The model will enable testing of treatments and understanding how malnutrition impacts cognitive development and growth.
Researchers at UC Berkeley's Haas School of Business used fMRI to test the association of human-like characteristics with brands. They found that brain activity could predict survey responses, validating customer insights. This study aims to close the gap between neuroscience and marketing research.
Researchers have designed a new device that can convert a DC electric field into a tunable source of terahertz radiation. The device exploits surface plasmon resonance in hybrid semiconductors to produce coherent terahertz emission, with potential applications in medical imaging and security.
Researchers from the University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix conducted a study on osteopathic manipulative therapy (OMT) in an in vitro setting. The results showed that OMT had profound effects on cellular processes, including proliferation, apoptosis, and cytokine production.
Researchers developed a novel surface structure with gradient features to control droplet bouncing, enabling anti-icing capabilities for various applications. The new surface design prevents ice formation and reduces the contact time between droplets and surfaces.
Researchers discovered that male wolf spiders can learn to associate visual cues of rival males with female presence, allowing them to adapt their courtship behavior. This complex learning process sheds light on the importance of eavesdropping in animal behavior and its potential applications in understanding human physiology.
Regular exercise in adolescence is associated with a reduced risk of cancer and all-cause mortality in women. Participation in team sports during the teen years also shows a protective effect against cancer death later in life. The study suggests that promoting exercise participation in adolescence could have important public health im...
Researchers found antidepressants during pregnancy lowered the risk of preterm birth by 16% and very preterm birth by nearly 50%. However, they also increased the risk of neonatal problems, including breathing issues and longer hospital stays.
A new study found that mothers limit their partner's involvement in child-rearing when they perceive a less stable relationship or lower confidence in parenting. Mothers who are perfectionists or anxious/depressed also tend to restrict fathers' involvement.
A five-year grant is funding research into strategies to help older adults prevent or reverse typical age-related cognitive decline. Researchers will recruit 580 people over 65 with significant memory problems but no dementia, and evaluate their progress with cognitive tests and MRI scans.
Researchers found that nearly 25% of female sex workers entered the sex trade before age 18, and six percent tested positive for HIV. Adolescents were more likely to experience violence, have multiple clients per day, and not use condoms, increasing their risk of infection.
Researchers at Rice University have identified a genetic mechanism that enables bacteria to become more resistant to antibiotics while also spreading their resistance rapidly. The discovery highlights the need for new strategies to predict and prevent the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, potentially halting or slowing down t...
Seagrasses can protect themselves from toxic sulphide by creating an oxygen shield around their roots and converting it into beneficial nutrients. However, seagrasses cannot tolerate sulphide under all circumstances, especially when stressed, leading to loss of detoxification ability and death.
Researchers at University College London developed a novel AI approach to predict fine wine prices more accurately, outperforming traditional methods by 15% on average. The new method uses machine learning to learn relevant information from data and improve predictive accuracy.
Researchers found that wild bonobos use high-pitched 'peep' calls in various contexts, including positive and negative situations, echoing human infant vocalisations. The study suggests an evolutionary transition from functionally fixed animal vocalisations to human-like communication.
A study of 408 teenage males found that chronic marijuana use was not linked to later physical or mental health issues such as depression, psychotic symptoms or asthma. The researchers controlled for other factors that could have influenced the findings, including cigarette smoking and access to health insurance.
The new guidelines offer evidence-based recommendations for optimal temperature management during cardiopulmonary bypass, including cooling and rewarming rates. The guidelines aim to improve understanding of the relationship between temperature management and clinical outcomes, particularly its impact on brain function.
Researchers have discovered that white fat can be transformed into a form resembling brown fat, increasing metabolic rate and lowering blood glucose levels. This finding has significant implications for the treatment of complications associated with obesity and sedentary lifestyle.
A study in northern Mexican cities found that over a quarter of female sex workers entered the sex trade as minors, increasing their risk for HIV infection and violence. Those entering at an adolescent age were more likely to experience these risks compared to those who entered as adults.
A new study suggests that the NCAA's lack of regulation on full-contact practices comes at a 'high' cost to college players. Researchers found that subconcussive head impacts increased with padding levels, emphasizing the need for changes to reduce head injuries.
Researchers found that precariously balanced rocks near the San Andreas Fault have survived due to interactions between the faults, which weakened ground shaking. This discovery could change how engineers plan for future earthquakes in the region, considering a broader impact of ruptures along both faults.
Researchers identify two transcription factors that regulate lipid accumulation in stressed algae, enabling sustainable fuels production. The study also demonstrates a strategy for overexpressing PSR1 to trick cells into producing lipids without dying.
Engineers at MIT have developed a model that predicts the force needed for robotic grippers to adjust their grasp on an object by interacting with the environment. This approach, called extrinsic dexterity, enables robots to perform more complex maneuvers without needing expensive and complex hand designs.
Astronomers using the Subaru Telescope's Hyper Suprime-Cam camera observed deep, super-wide-field images of the galaxies and their populations of young stars. The team discovered that the spatial distribution of young stars around these galaxies follows closely that of their distribution of neutral hydrogen.
A new Medicaid health care program in Texas has improved care for disabled adults with chronic conditions like heart attacks and COPD. The program's managed care component led to better adherence to recommended standards of care during acute events, such as heart attacks and worsening of COPD.
The UT Arlington Research Institute and Skyven Technologies have received a $25,000 grant to build and test a novel optics system that can concentrate sunlight over 1,000 times. The system aims to create cost-effective energy for the commercial market, reducing reliance on foreign oil and stress on the electrical grid.
Researchers discovered that a small population of neurons in the brain's reward centre can respond with both yes and no, regulating reward behaviour. Shutting down one language increases mice's predilection for cocaine, while humans with mutation of a key gene are 10 times more vulnerable to severe addiction
Scientists have developed a robotic 'whisker' tactile sensor array that mimics animal navigation in dark environments. The array produces tomographic images by measuring fluid flow and has potential applications in navigation, tracking, and detection.
Researchers at University of Edinburgh's Roslin Institute discovered that prions build up in Peyer's patches before spreading to the brain. This finding could enable earlier detection and treatment of prion diseases, including variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and bovine spongiform encephalopathy.
Researchers at Duke University have successfully packaged a widely used cancer drug into nanoparticles, more than doubling its effectiveness in mice. The new approach delivers the drug directly to tumors while reducing side effects and improving targeting, showing transformative results for patients.
Researchers have developed a new model of survival that can predict the potential harm caused by thousands of chemicals used daily. By considering death as a continuum between random events and individual tolerance, scientists can analyze every chemical using high-throughput screening, paving the way for further testing.
The study provides a high-resolution readout of the energy levels for cations from their vibrational ground state to excited states, furthering our understanding of the coupled vibrations in the Renner-Teller effect. The results also shed light on the electronic structure of organic molecules.
CU-Boulder researchers have developed a novel wastewater treatment process called Microbial Electrolytic Carbon Capture (MECC) that captures greenhouse gases and produces renewable energy. The process uses electrochemical reactions to absorb CO2 from wastewater, producing stable mineral carbonates and bicarbonates.
The DPR Korea has launched a national agroforestry strategy and action plan to restore degraded landscapes, enhance soil quality, and increase crop yields. The initiative aims to alleviate food insecurity and reduce the frequency of natural disasters, with a focus on empowering local villagers through legal and institutional frameworks.
African-American participants showed a significant decline in dementia incidence rates from 1992 to 2011 compared to a stable rate among Yoruba individuals in Nigeria. The study suggests that medication for cardiovascular conditions may contribute to the decline.
The International Journal of Surgery Open is a new peer-reviewed, online-only journal covering all areas of surgery. It will provide an outlet for high-quality original research on topics across the surgical spectrum, with rapid review, article-based publication, and permanent access.
Researchers at UC Berkeley cooled a gas to record-low entropy and temperature, allowing them to model high-temperature superconductors. This achievement could lead to the discovery of new materials with superconducting properties without requiring cooling.
A NYU study found that young adult opioid users in NYC are at a higher risk of experiencing sexual violence while under the influence. Participants reported being forced into sex without consent and having quid pro quo expectations surrounding drug use, with service providers and educators urged to address and challenge these issues.
A new feed supplement has been shown to reduce dairy cow methane emissions by 30% without affecting feed intake, fiber digestibility, or milk production. This could have significant implications for global climate change, as animal agriculture is a major source of methane emissions.
Researchers developed a model to project number of CRE infections when hospitals work together to enhance infection controls, showing a 74% reduction compared to independent approach. The model highlights the importance of coordination and communication among facilities in preventing antibiotic-resistant infections.
Researchers discovered that plants use biological mechanisms to transport volatile compounds to the atmosphere, contradicting the long-held theory of diffusion. This finding could revolutionize our understanding of plant biology and potentially lead to breakthroughs in plant health, defense, and pest management.
Researchers discovered neutron stars can accelerate material to nearly light speed, rivaling black holes. This finding contradicts previous theories about neutron star behavior.
Scientists project higher fire risk in eastern Amazon due to warmer Pacific sea surface temperatures, while western Amazon experiences average or below-average risk. The fire season's severity is driven by the El Niño phenomenon and its impact on rainfall patterns.
Scientists have created a new suite of biosensors that enable two-way communication between humans and cells, allowing them to control and optimize the production of valuable chemicals. The biosensors can detect which microbial 'workers' are producing the most efficient amounts of desired chemicals.
A new study by Joslin researchers reveals that alterations in the DNA damage checkpoint pathway machinery and higher levels of miR200 are associated with severe complications in type 1 diabetes. This finding holds promise for early detection and treatment of complications through therapeutic interventions targeting miR200.
A brief motivational intervention at an emergency department did not improve outcomes for women involved in abusive relationships and heavy drinking. The study found no significant differences between the intervention group and the control group on weekly assessments for experiencing IPV or heavy drinking.
A recent study found that HIV virus can persist and continue to grow in patients receiving uninterrupted treatment for up to 14 years. This persistence occurs due to the virus's ability to hide inside blood cells responsible for immune response, copy itself, and automatically incorporate its genetic information into DNA.
Recent research identified optimal locations for targeted observations to improve forecast skill for ENSO, IOD, TCs, and KLM. The CNOP approach is superior for identifying optimal locations for TCs, while an ensemble approach revealed optimal initial errors for IOD events.
Researchers visualize the atomic view of microtubules, revealing the crucial role of end-binding proteins in regulating their dynamic instability. This understanding could lead to improved potency and selectivity of anticancer drugs targeting microtubule dynamics.
The partnership combines UTA's emphasis on health with the FabLab's emerging technologies to create interactive learning experiences for children and families. Pediatric patients will use 3-D printers, scanners, and microelectronics to monitor their heart rate, translate brain signals, and print models of organs.
Research by University of Oxford scientists found that trauma can change the brain even in those without PTSD, with potential implications for early diagnosis and treatment. The study identified specific brain network imbalances and suggests a spectrum of traumatic effect on the brain.
Researchers from Spain and Portugal used photonic crystal optical fibers to develop innovative sensors capable of withstanding high temperatures. The system successfully measured toxic gas levels and temperature variations in coal waste piles, allowing for early detection of potential fires.
A new study projects that Manhattan's climate will resemble Oklahoma City's by the end of this century due to climate change. The study found that heating and cooling usage will decrease in Northern states and increase in Southern states as temperatures warm up.
Scientists from the Scripps Research Institute have developed a new therapy that selectively erases drug-associated memories, preventing relapse in animal models of methamphetamine addiction. The treatment, which involves a single injection of blebbistatin, successfully disrupted long-term storage of drug-related memories and blocked r...
A new stellar model developed by researchers at SISSA reveals that cosmological 'lost' lithium in metal-poor stars was not destroyed, but rather accreted from the surrounding environment. The model, which agrees with observations, provides a plausible explanation for the low abundance of lithium-7 in ancient stars.
Researchers found that interaction between the San Jacinto and San Andreas faults weakened earthquake ground shaking near them, preserving precariously balanced boulders. This discovery has practical implications for earthquake planning scenarios in the region.
Tropical Storm Guillermo is creeping closer to the Hawaiian Islands, prompting a tropical storm watch for counties including Maui and Hawaii. The storm's maximum sustained winds are near 70 mph, with expected slow and steady weakening.
A Johns Hopkins researcher reveals that raising awareness of gender disparities can boost the number of female speakers at scientific meetings. By involving women in conference planning, he reports a significant increase in female representation from 27% to nearly 50%. This approach has been successfully implemented at the American Soc...
Researchers found that the number of head impacts increased with activity intensity, with games having the most impacts. However, average impact severity was similar across practices, with helmet-only practices showing lower severity. Greater regulation of football practices is suggested to reduce the burden of head impact.
A study published in European Journal of Neuroscience found that the hippocampus and nucleus accumbens work together to make decisions about time and reward. Effective 'disconnection' of these structures can lead to impulsive behavior, suggesting potential therapeutic targets for psychiatric disorders.
A new narrative review published in JAMA found that current psychotherapy treatments are less than optimal for PTSD, with non-medical approaches effective but not universally effective. The study suggests a need for broader and more personalized approaches to care.
A recent study found that older adults who followed the MIND diet more rigorously showed equivalent cognitive abilities to those 7.5 years younger, suggesting a potential delay of dementia's onset. The MIND diet emphasizes brain-healthy food groups and limits unhealthy foods, with berries being a key component.
A large observational study found that regular consumption of spicy foods is associated with a lower risk of death, particularly from cancer and heart disease. Participants who ate spicy foods almost every day had a 14% lower risk of death compared to those who consumed them less than once a week.
Scientists have discovered how earthworms digest plant material despite toxic chemicals produced by plants. The discovery highlights the importance of drilodefensins, molecules in the earthworm gut that counteract plant defenses.
A randomized clinical trial found that screening women for partner violence and providing a resource list did not reduce hospitalizations or emergency department visits. The study also did not find improvements in quality of life or the recurrence of partner violence after one year.
A study describes general structure of scavenger communities worldwide, revealing that birds dominate consumption with 65.8% frequency, while mammals and large predators also play key roles in structuring these communities. The findings highlight the global impact of human activities on biodiversity and ecosystem functioning.
Exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals, psychological stress and malnutrition may alter gene expression and lead to increased risk of cognitive disorders, obesity and metabolic diseases. The preconception period is a sensitive developmental window, emphasizing the need for universal healthy starts for children.
Researchers discovered KLF4's pivotal role in controlling mitochondrial biology, which produces energy for cells. The study found that a lack of KLF4 leads to reduced energy production, particularly problematic in the heart, leading to heart failure and death.
A new strain of yeast has been discovered that can effectively remove toxic substances from wastewater. Yarrowia lipolytica Y-3492 was found to be highly active against nitro compounds, including those used in explosives and certain medications.
Researchers at Rutgers University have recreated a classic tomato variety thought to be lost to history, combining nostalgic flavor with modern durability. The new Rutgers tomato boasts improved flavor, earlier ripening, higher yield, and resistance to cracking, making it perfect for home gardeners and farmers alike.
Researchers discovered that Listeria monocytogenes can grow on refrigerated smoked salmon by utilizing different metabolic pathways than those used in laboratory media. This finding could lead to the development of inhibitors to control pathogen growth on foods and improve risk assessments.