Researchers found that vaginally delivered infants with longer gestations tended to develop more mature gut microbiota faster, while those born via Caesarean section took longer to acquire a healthy gut microbiota, leading to differences in body fat at 18 months.
Researchers have made significant progress in understanding the biosynthetic pathway of CoQ10, a molecule essential for cellular metabolism. The study, led by Dr. David J. Pagliarini, reveals that protein CoQ9 regulates enzyme Coq7, and that CoQ10 synthesis is organized as a multiprotein complex to increase efficiency and regulation.
PeerJ Computer Science aims to bring a 21st century publishing platform to computer scientists, with free publication options and CC BY licensing. The new journal will publish articles across all fields of computer science, with the goal of increasing cross-fertilization between fields.
A new study suggests that powerful individuals are more likely to be inspired by their own experiences, whereas less powerful people are equally inspired by both their own and others' stories. The researchers found that people with high power tend to prioritize themselves over others in social interactions.
The American leafminer species Coptodisca lucifluella has invaded Italy's walnut orchards, a new hostplant for the insect. The moth feeds on walnut leaves, making short galleries and leaving characteristic holes, while its larvae attach small shields to leaves or surfaces.
A new course of action prescribing chemotherapy based on genetic research has led to a Phoenix resident being diagnosed with no detectable tumors after Stage 4 pancreatic cancer treatment. The patient benefited from a cutting-edge clinical trial and is now part of a follow-up study testing the effectiveness of a maintenance therapy.
A study reveals that infants with a mature gut bacteria profile at an early age tend to have normal levels of body fat by 18 months, while those with less mature profiles are more likely to have lower body fat. The research found that gestational duration and delivery method influenced the rate of bacterial colonization in the infant gut.
Researchers at UCL have developed a new method to process fibre optic signals, which can correct corrupted data and increase the useful capacity of fibres. This technique has the potential to double the distance data can travel error-free through sub-marine cables.
A study found a link between grief, anger, and inflammation in partner caregivers of veterans with traumatic-brain injuries. High levels of TNF-alpha were associated with blame and anger, increasing the risk for inflammatory-related health problems.
The University of Texas at Arlington has received a $298,770 grant to purchase a micro-optics assembly and characterization system. The equipment will enable researchers to conduct more accurate nanoscale-related research and manufacturing, including integrating electronic devices with nanotechnology and photonics.
Researchers at Brown University found that the brain uses specific patterns of brain wave synchrony to suppress attention and ignore distracting stimuli. By harnessing this process, scientists hope to develop new treatments for pain and depressive thoughts through non-invasive brain stimulation techniques.
Eve, an AI robot scientist, has demonstrated the success of its approach to speed up drug discovery and make it more economical. It discovered a compound that has anti-cancer and malaria properties, which could potentially improve the lives of millions of people worldwide.
Researchers at Ludwig Maximilians University have identified a novel chloroplast membrane protein that plays a central role in transporting fatty acids from chloroplasts into the cell cytoplasm. This discovery may lead to new strategies for producing biofuels, which are rich in TAG-rich plant oils.
Researchers found that people automatically conjure up words when presented with images and count letters in their minds. The study suggests the stream of consciousness is tightly linked to external stimuli, limiting individual control over thoughts.
Researchers found that a parent-coaching intervention called Adapted Responsive Teaching (ART) can significantly improve the outcomes of one-year-old children at risk for autism. The study, published in Autism Research and Treatment, compared ART to early intervention and monitoring, showing promising results.
Tropical Cyclone Ola was being battered by vertical wind shear when NASA's Aqua satellite captured an infrared picture. The storm's cloud tops showed stronger thunderstorms, but forecasters expected it to dissipate due to increasing wind shear and cooler sea surface temperatures.
A University of Colorado study finds alterations in expression of PIK3R3 and PTEN genes in young-adult Ewing Sarcoma, commonly observed in adult tumors. These findings could lead to adapted therapeutic strategies for adult cancers to treat Ewing Sarcoma.
A new study by American Cancer Society researchers found that smokers before and after diagnosis had a higher risk of death from all causes and colorectal cancer-specific mortality compared to non-smokers. Smoking is associated with more aggressive tumors or decreased treatment efficacy, leading to increased mortality.
A new research by Dr Alessandra Ghigo found that inhibiting the activity of phosphoinositide 3-kinase gamma (PI3K?) protected mice with hypertension from developing heart failure. The study also showed that a PI3K? inhibitor could synergise with chemotherapy to delay tumour growth and prevent cardiotoxicity.
A study published in JAMA finds that quality measures prioritize management of patients with established diagnoses, neglecting care for those presenting with symptoms. This oversight may lead to underuse of necessary care and compromise patient diagnosis accuracy.
A Tel Aviv University study found that a mutated gene regulating over 400 proteins affects male and female brains differently, leading to sex-specific learning and memory differences. The research suggests analyzing men and women separately in clinical trials to find cures for diseases due to potential gender differences.
Two genetic mutations on a single gene have been found to interact and lower the risk of heart attacks in people who carry both variants. The study suggests that clinicians should test individuals with reduced activity of DBH and norepinephrine to determine if they benefit from beta blockers.
Researchers at Stanford University School of Medicine identified limostatin, a hormone that decreases insulin levels during recovery from fasting or starvation, in fruit flies and found a similar protein in humans. This discovery has critical ramifications for understanding metabolism and may inform new efforts to combat diabetes.
A study by the University of Colorado Boulder reveals that cocaine's addictive potential is linked to a second brain mechanism involving glial cells and Toll Like Receptor 4. Blocking this mechanism could lead to a new drug treatment for cocaine addiction.
Research finds that high-quality early childhood initiatives significantly lower likelihood of special education placements in third grade, benefiting students and reducing costs for school districts. The programs also provide positive spillover effects on other third graders, reducing preventable cognitive and social disabilities.
In 35 low- and middle-income countries, an estimated 16.7 million unwanted pregnancies occur annually, with 15 million preventable by modern contraception use. The study found that traditional methods are associated with a 2.7-fold increase in undesired pregnancies compared to modern methods.
A Mayo Clinic study analyzed over 345,000 patients' surgical outcomes between 2009 and 2013, finding no association between NSQIP hospital participation and improved postoperative outcomes. The study suggests that surgical outcomes reporting systems do not provide a clear mechanism for quality improvement.
A university partnership between Karolinska Institutet and Makerere University in Uganda has enabled students to tackle locally relevant health research questions while gaining international experience. The partnership has achieved zero brain drain, strengthening both institutions' global health initiatives.
Researchers found that women's respiratory muscles consume a greater amount of oxygen during exercise compared to men. This means women use more energy when breathing, potentially impacting leg blood flow and skeletal muscle fatigue.
A genomic test helped doctors solve a medical mystery for a boy with painful spasms. Whole exome sequencing identified the rare condition Episodic ataxia type 1, allowing for targeted treatment and symptom relief. The patient's motor and cognitive functioning have improved since medication was started.
Researchers at Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience and Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies report substantial postnatal changes in the functional properties of brain circuits. These changes improve the ability of brain cells to encode information, enhancing brain function.
The study identified 35 genetic factors associated with motion sickness, including those affecting balance, eye, ear, and cranial development, as well as glucose homeostasis. The findings suggest a role for the nervous system in motion sickness and may provide insight into other nausea-related conditions.
A recent study by scientists at the University of Granada and the High Resolution Hospital in Loja reveals a moderate relation between asthma control and xerostomia severity. Inhaled corticosteroids (ICs) used to treat asthma can lead to dry mouth syndrome, which affects quality of life and mouth health.
Researchers at the University of Houston explore the interplay between four key risk factors and food insecurity in families. A mother's poor health is found to be a determining factor in extreme food insecurity cases, while financial strain affects non-poor households experiencing marginal food security.
A team of researchers from Case Western Reserve University has discovered new features of the 'Whirlpool Galaxy', M51a, using a 20-hour exposure photograph. The image reveals faint plumes extending from the galaxy's northeast and south, providing valuable insights into its history and interaction with neighboring galaxies.
A new study by Drexel University suggests a strong relationship between adverse childhood experiences and household food insecurity. Trauma and chronic stress are found to be a largely overlooked part of the picture of why one in five American households with young children live with food insecurity.
A report by The BMJ found that only around two-thirds of Ebola donations ($1.9 billion) reached affected countries, with delays in disbursements potentially contributing to the spread of the virus. Expert Karen Grépin argues that existing mechanisms need improvement to enable rapid deployment of funds for future public health threats.
A study comparing two transfusion strategies for patients with severe trauma found that a balanced ratio of plasma, platelets, and red blood cells resulted in fewer deaths from exsanguination and improved hemostasis within 24 hours. No significant differences were observed in overall mortality at 24 hours or 30 days.
A new forecast from Cancer Research UK suggests that 1 in 2 people in the UK will develop cancer at some point in their lives. The increased risk is primarily due to more people living into older age, when cancer is more common.
A global study found that socioeconomic differences in adolescent mental and physical health increased between 2002 and 2010, with poorer youth more likely to be less active, have larger BMI, and report more symptoms. The study highlights urgent action needed to tackle inequities in adolescent health.
HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders affect 10-50% of aging patients, causing cognitive impairment and daily challenges. Researchers found that the tat protein disrupts autophagy, a critical disposal process, in neurons.
Researchers at Shanghai University developed a tri-layered artificial blood vessel composed of separate materials for mechanical strength and new cell growth. The composite allowed rapid proliferation and integration of rat fibroblast cells, overcoming limitations of existing vascular grafts.
New research from UC Berkeley links positive emotions with lower levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which fight infection and disease. The study found that awe, wonder, and beauty promote healthier levels of cytokines, suggesting a direct influence on health and life expectancy.
Research shows that fluctuations in river flows are increasing with climate change, scrounging away salmon eggs and exhausting young fish. Habitat restoration projects and reducing stormwater runoff can ease flooding and peak flows threatening salmon redds.
University of Illinois journalism professor Matthew Ehrlich compiled hundreds of cat-related tales from the New York Times digital archive, showing a range of stories beyond just cute cat videos. He found hero cats and nuisance cats, as well as concerns over animal treatment and rights.
A study of nearly 350 hospitals found that hospital readmissions after surgery are often related to complications from the surgery itself, rather than a worsening of pre-existing medical conditions. The most common reasons for readmission included surgical site infections and intestinal blockages.
Researchers found that social factors triggered the development of pottery in north-eastern North America, primarily used for processing fish and producing fish oil. Abundant aquatic resources allowed investment in pottery production.
Researchers have identified eight genetically distinct types of schizophrenia, each with its own set of symptoms. The study, published in the American Journal of Psychiatry, found that genes function as an orchestra, interacting with each other to contribute to the disease.
Researchers found that dividing options into smaller piles and choosing the best option from each pile produced the best outcomes. In contrast, considering all options together led to poor decisions due to choice overload. The sequential tournament approach was the most effective but also the least liked by study subjects.
The National Collection of Yeast Cultures has added the 4,000th yeast strain to its collection, including a novel species found in Ecuador's Yasuní National Park. This discovery expands microbial biodiversity and offers new possibilities for sustainable biotechnology.
A study examining the link between ACS NSQIP participation and surgical outcomes found no significant improvements in patient mortality, complications, reoperations, or readmissions. Additionally, hospital payments remained unchanged for participating versus non-participating hospitals.
A new Special Issue from ecancermedicalscience tackles fertility-sparing cancer treatments, collecting latest research on preserving fertility in breast, cervical and ovarian cancers. Fertility-sparing treatments balance patient's wishes with oncological outcomes.
The American Statistical Association analysis shows that statistics degrees nearly doubled during 2010-2013, outpacing other computer-related disciplines. This growth is attributed to the increasing demand for workers with statistical and analytical skills in the job market.
A new study reveals that hepatitis C is more common than previously thought, with over 180 million people worldwide infected. The study also found that active infection rates are high in West Africa, where cultural and daily practices contribute to transmission.
Penta-graphene, a two-dimensional carbon allotrope composed exclusively of pentagons, has been discovered to possess high strength, thermal stability, and unusual properties. The material's unique structure inspired by the Cairo tiling may have applications in various fields.
Researchers at Dartmouth have found that introducing a specific strain of bacteria into the microenvironment of ovarian cancer tumors can transform tumor cells from suppressors to attackers, sparking a strong anti-tumor immune response. The study's results demonstrate a new potential for treating various types of cancers.
Researchers found that female sticklebacks prime their offspring with information about their living environment through the mitochondria, allowing them to adapt better to warmer waters. This mechanism plays a crucial role in the species' ability to cope with climate change.
Researchers analyzed the 2010 Eyjafjallajökull eruption to understand the dynamics of gravitational instabilities and particle aggregation. They found that these phenomena can significantly reduce fine-ash lifetime in the atmosphere, highlighting their importance in improving ash dispersal forecasting.
Research found significant disparities in mental and physical health of 11-15 year olds between affluent and disadvantaged youths. The study suggests that addressing socioeconomic inequalities is crucial for population health.
A new study by Yao Zhang and colleagues finds that customers with 'clumpiness' - bursts of heavy buying interspersed with little or no buying - provide higher long-term returns to businesses. This pattern of consumption extends the 'hot hand' literature in statistics journals.